This document discusses the physical and chemical properties of substances. Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's identity and include properties like state, colour, odour, and hardness. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into new substances through chemical reactions like combustibility, solubility, and reaction with acids. Both qualitative properties observable by the senses and quantitative properties measured with numbers are discussed.

1. Physical and Chemical
Properties

2. Physical Properties
A physical property describes a
characteristic of a substance that
can be observed or measured

3. Qualitative Observation
Qualitative properties can be
observed using the senses and
described with words

4. Quantitative Observation
Quantitative properties are
measured and recorded using
numbers (have units)

5. Chemical Properties
• A chemical property describes the ability
of a substance to change into a new
substance/substances
• Chemical properties can only be
observed when a chemical change
occurs

6. Colour and Lustre
the light a substance reflects
gives an object colour and
lustre (shine)

7. Malleability
• a substance that can be pounded or rolled
into sheets is said to be “malleable”
• ex.) aluminum foil, gold, tin

8. Ductility
Any solid that can be
stretched into a long
wire is called “ductile”
ex.) copper

9. State
solid, liquid or gas at room temperature

10. Texture
how the surface of a
substance feels to the touch

11. Odour
how a substance smells
(e.g. odourless, burnt,
flowery, putrid, spicy)

12. Taste
e.g. sweet, salty, bitter, sour, spicy

13. Clarity
e.g. clear, transparent, translucent

14. Crystal Form
• solid mineral structure
with a regular pattern of
3D shapes
• e.g. cubic (salt)

15. Melting & Boiling Points
MP - solid to liquid
BP - liquid to gas

16. Solubility
ability to dissolve in
a solvent (water)

17. Hardness
• a substance’s ability to
resist being scratched
• scale 1 to 10

18. Mass
amount of matter in a substance (g)

19. Volume
amount of space a
substance fills

20. Viscosity
• the thickness/ resistance of a fluid to flow
• ex.) molasses has a high viscosity compared to water

21. Density
• the amount of mass in a given volume of a substance
• ex.) the density of pure water is 1g/mL

22. Chemical Properties
• A chemical property describes the ability
of a substance to change into a new
substance/substances
• Chemical properties can only be
observed when a chemical change
occurs

23. Combustibility
ability of a substance to react with oxygen
and release heat and light energy

24. Reaction with Acid
ability of a
substance to react
with an acid and
produce a gas

25. Corrosion
ability of metal to react with air to produce
metal oxides