sedimentary rocks and its typess

1. Sedimentary rocks

2. contents
 1.Introduction
 2.Formation
 2.1 mechanically
 2.2organically
 2.2 chemically
 3.structural features
 3.1Stratification
 3.2Lamination
 3.3Cross bedding
 4.Types of sedimentary rocks
 4.1Limestone
 4.2Sandstone
 4.3Shale
 4.4laterite

3. intorduction
 Sedimentary rock is formed by deposition and
consolidation of mineral and organic material and
from precipitation of minerals from solution.
 sedimentary rock occur at the surface of the
earth and within bodies of water
 Rock formed from sediments covers 70-80 % of
the earth‘s land area,
 common types such as limestone, chalk,
sandstone, conglomerate and shale.

4. formation
Mechanical formation
 The mechanically formed sedimentary rocks are
of three types
 Rudaceous rocks which is the cementing
together of boulders, for example, conglomerate.
 Arenaceous rocks for example sandstone,
 Argillaceous rocks which clay rocks for example
shale

5.  Organical foramtion Consisting of accumlated
animals and plants remains
 Calcarious rocks, lime stone
 Carbonaceous rocks, coal

6. Chemical formation :this type of rocks is formed by
precipitation and accumulation of soluble
constituents .4C
 Consolidation is a process by which soft and loose
sediments are converted into hard and firm rocks
 Cementation precipitation of some cementing
materials eg: silica, calcium carbonate
 Compaction The squeezing out of water from the
pores of the sediments
 Crystallization Chemically formed sedimentaryrocks
such as limestone, Compaction Consolidation
Cementation Crystallization

7. Compaction Consolidation
Cementation Crystallization

8. Structural Features
 Stratification :
 The deposition of sediments into layer or beds is
called stratification
formed due to the following
 Difference in the kinds of materials
 Difference in the size of particles
 Difference in the color of the material

9. Lamination:
Thin bedding, less than one
centimeter in thickness, are called lamination.
 It is usually fined grained sedimentary rocks like
shales
 Cross-bedding :
 also called current bedding or false bedding
 found in shallow water and wind formed deposites
 minor bedding or lamination which lie at an angle to
the planes of

10. Types of sedimentary rocks
sandston
e
laterit
e
Lime
stone
shale

12. Sand stone
 It mechanically formed sedimentary rocks
of arenaceous group
 Sandstone is as its name says sand grains
cemented together into solid stone.
 The grain size of sandstone is 1/16 to 2
mm in diameter
 Si O2 is the dominate mineral in
sandstone
 Sandstone rocks are generally classified
as quartz sandstone, arkose and
graywacke
 Si O2 is the dominate mineral in sandstone

13.  Uses - if soft then generally of no use; if hard then
can be used as aggregate, fill etc.
 the construction and roading industries. dimension
stone for buildings, paving, etc.’
 Compostion
 Silica, calcite, and iron oxides are the most common
cementing minerals for sand stone.
 These minerals are deposited in the spaces
between the sand grains by water
 Over the course of thousands or even millions of
years the minerals fill up all of the spaces

14. Sand stone in india
 Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh
 Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh
 Jodhpur on the west of Jaipur and Chittorgarh on the
south

15. Lime stone
 Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more
than 50% calcium carbonate
 Limestone is a sedimentary rock, mainly composed
of mineral calcite
 Grain size variable, can consist of clasts of all sizes
 they are of different types bituminous lime stone,
chalk, coral rag, and tufa.

16.  Uses
 It is quarried for roadbeds and gravel roads
 landscape construction and cement manufacture
 production of lime fertilizer, paper, petrochemicals,
pesticide, glass
 Compostion
 limestones are formed by the deposition and
consolidation of the skeletons of marine invertebrates
 a few originate in chemical precipitation from solution
 Limestone deposits are frequently of great thickness

17.  Lime stone in india
 Madhya Pradesh-Raipur, Durg, Bastar
 Rajasthan-Udaipur ,jodhpur, , Nagaur
 Andhra Pradesh- Vishakhapatnam, Krishna,
Adilabad
 Tamil Nadu- Tirunelveli, Coimbatore, Madurai

18. shale
 Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock
composed of mud
 very fine less than 1/256 mm
 Shale are fissle and laminated
 Shale have different shades green ,red black
yellow etc.

19.  Uses of Shale
 Black shales contain organic material that
sometimes breaks down to form natural gas or oil.
 Other clay are are used for producing clay
compostion:
 Shale is a rock composed mainly of clay-size mineral
grains
 These "other constituents" in the rock are often
determined by the shale's environment of deposition
 determine the color of the rock

20. laterite
 Laterites are a source of aluminium ore
 laterites are formed from the leaching of parent
sedimentary rocks ,metamorphic rocks igneous
rock and mineralized proto-ores
 Uses of laterite rocks
 building blocks for construction of masonry in
building
 used to construct walls without the use of cement
mortar

21.  Compostion of laterite:
 laterites consist mainly of quartz and oxides
of titanium, iron, tin, aluminium and manganese,
which remain during the course of weathering
 Laterites in india
 southern regions of the Western Ghats
inlcudes coastal regions in Ratnagiri District and
Malabar.
 Mahadeo ranges in Madhya Pradesh