This document defines and classifies different types of fruits. It discusses simple fruits which develop from one flower, including dry fruits like capsules and legumes that split open at maturity. Aggregate fruits develop from one flower but contain many tiny fruits clustered together. Multiple fruits develop from an entire inflorescence and include sorosis and syconus fruits. The document also describes seeds, noting differences between dicotyledon and monocotyledon seeds, and provides examples like beans and maize.

1. Presentation prepared by:
S.R.Mahindrakar

2. Definition :
•A fruit is a mature ovary. A true fruit develops from ovary.
E.g. Mango,
•while a false or spurious fruit or pseudocarp develops
from other floral parts. E.g. Apple.
•If a fruit develops from ovary without fertilization is called
parthenocarpic fruit.
•They are seedless. E.g. Musa paradisica (banana)
•The fruit wall is called pericarp. It may be further
differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.

3. Classification of fruits:
•Fruits are classified into three types- Simple, Aggregate
and Multiple fruits.
Simple fruits – develop from monocarpellary or
syncarpous ovaries of single flower
i.e. one flower - one fruit.
Aggregate fruits – develop from apocarpous ovaries
of single flower
 i.e. one flower - many fruits.
Composite or Multiple fruits – develop from many
flowers or entire inflorescence
i.e. many flowers - single fruit)

4. achenes
Aggregate Fruit Multiple FruitSimple Fruit

5. Type of Simple fruits:
Simple fruits
Dry :
Pericarp
becomes dry
Dehiscent :
Fruit split open
at maturity
Indehiscent:
The fruit does
not split open.
Schizocarpic :
Fleshy :
Pericarp
remains fleshy

6. Drupe:
It is a simple fleshy fruit.
It is developed from monocarpellary or multi carpellary,
syncarpous ovary. Here the pericarp has three distinct
layers
Epicarp forms the skin of the fruit.
Meso carp is fibrous / pulpy
Endocarp is hard and stony.

7. Berry:
It is a simple fleshy fruit.
It is derived from monocarpellary or ploycarpellary
syncarpous ovary. Here
Epicarp forms the skin
Meso carp and endocarp forms the pulp and in the pulp
the seeds remain scattered.

8. Pome
It is a simple fleshy false fruit.
Here the edible part of the fruit is the fleshy
receptacle.

9. Capsule:
It is simple dry dehiscent fruit.
It is derived from polycarpellary syncarpous superior
ovary.
At maturity the fruit splits open
Loculicidal Septicidal

10. Legume:
It is simple dry dehiscent fruit.
It is derived from monocarpellary ovary.
Here the fruit splits along both the sutures

11. Cypsela:
It is a simple, dry and indehiscent fruit.
It is derived from bicarpellary, syncarpous supireour
ovary.
It is unilocular and single seeded fruit.

12. Schizoczrpic fruits:
These are dry fruits developed from syncarpous ovary.
Dry fruits that exhibit both dehiscent and indehiscent
feature.
At maturity they break up into individual indehiscent
one seeded bits.

13. Lomentum – Opens into single seeded mericarps.
E.g. Mimosa.

14. Cremocarp:
It is a Schizoczrpic fruit.
At maturity it splits into two one seeded indehiscent
mericarp.

15. Aggregate fruits:
Single flower produces many fruits in clusters. Each
tiny fruit is called fruitlet.
A bunch of fruitlets is called Etaerio.
These fruits are developed from polycarpellary
apocarous ovary.

16. Etaerio of drupes:
It is a cluster of drupe type of fruits. E.g. Raspberry
(Rubus)

17. Etaerio of follicles:
It is a cluster of follicle types of fruits. E.g. Champaka,

18. Etaerio of berries:
Cluster of berry type of fruitsE.g. Custard apple

19. Multiple fruits:
develop from entire inflorescence.
Sorosis – develops from spike or spadix inflorescence.
E.g. Jack fruit (yellow perianth is edible), Pineapple
(swollen fleshy rachis is edible), Mulberry.
Syconus – develops from hypanthodium
inflorescence. E.g. Ficus (Thalamus is edible)

20. Seed –the fertilized ovules:
Seeds are covered by seed coat and enclose
partially developed sporophytic plant.
Seeds lacking endosperm are called exalbuminous
or non-endosperms seeds while seed with
endosperm are albuminous or endospermous
seeds.

21. Dicotyledon seed:
It is exalbuminous seed attached to the fruit wall by
funicle.
The hilum appears as a scar. At the lower end of scar there
is a ridge called raphae and at opposite end micropyle. The
embryo occupies entire seed.
It has two cotyledons and a curved axis.
The portion of the axis above cotyledon is radicle (grows
into root system) and the portion of the axis between two
cotyledons is plumule (grows into shoot system). The
plumule consists of epicotyl, mesocotyl and hypocotyls.
E.g. Bean seed.

23. Monocotyledon seed:
It is albuminous seed.
Seed coat is fused with fruit wall (Caryopsis).
The apical endosperm is separated from embryo
by aleurone layer.
The embryo contains single cotyledon.
The plumule is covered by coleoptile while radicle
is protected by coleorhiza.
E.g. Maize seed.

25. THE END