This document provides a classification of different types of fruits. It discusses that fruits can be classified as true fruits or accessory fruits depending on their composition. True fruits develop solely from the ovary, while accessory fruits also incorporate other flower parts. Fruits are also classified by their arrangement as simple, aggregate, or multiple. Simple fruits derive from a single flower ovary, aggregate fruits from many separate carpels, and multiple fruits from fused ovaries of many flowers. Within these categories, fruits are further divided into fleshy or dry types based on ripened characteristics, and each type has specific examples provided.

1. Presentation Topic: Classification
Of Fruits
Presented By: Ghulam Fatima Tunio

2. Fruit:
• Fruits are the reproductive
organs produced by flowering
plants that contain seeds.
• It can be eaten as food.
• Examples: Apple, Mango,
Apricot, Banana, Grapes,
Almonds etc.

3. Classification of fruits
 Fruits are classified according to the
composition into 2 groups:
1) True Fruit
2) Accessory fruits

4. 1) True Fruit:
 A fruit developed solely from the ovary and its contents is known
as a true fruit.
 Example: Mango, watermelon and kiwi fruit.
2) Accessory Fruit:
 A fruit developed from the ovary and its contents plus additional
parts of the flower such as the receptacle, petals, and sepals is
known as an accessory fruit.
 Example: Pineapple

6.  Fruits are classified according to the
arrangement from which they derive. There
are three types.
1. Simple fruits
2. Aggregate fruits
3. Multiple fruits

7. 1. Simple Fruits
 Simple fruits are derived from a single ovary of one
flower.
 Example: Peach, Plum and Mango.

8.  Simple fruits are further divided into 2
groups:
i. Fleshy fruit
ii. Dry fruit
i. Fleshy Fruits: In fleshy fruits, the fruit wall
is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp,
and endocarp.
• Fleshy fruits are further divided into
following categories.

9. •Drupes : A drupe is a fleshy fruit that has
one seed surrounded by a bony endocarp, or
the inner wall of the pericarp, which is sweet
and juicy.
•Drupe fruit include plum, peach, almond,
cherry etc.
•Berries: Berries on the other hand have
several seeds with a fleshy pericarp.
•These include tomatoes and grapes

10. •Pomes : A pome has many seeds with fleshy
tissue surrounding the pericarp that is sweet
and juicy.
• Pomes include apples and pears.
•Hesperidia and Pepos: Both the hesperidium
and pepo fleshy fruits have a leathery rind.
• Hesperidium includes citrus fruits like lemon
and orange, while the pepo fruits include
cucumbers and squash.

11. ii. Dry Fruits: The pericarp of simple dry fruits is usually
quite dry and hard. It is not differentiated into the
three layers of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.
 Dry fruits are further divided into two categories.
i. Dehiscent fruits
ii. Indehiscent fruits

12. 1. Dehiscent Fruits - Dry fruits which at maturity
open by definite natural means to shed the
contained seeds.
i. Legume: A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1
carpel and at maturity splitting along both the
dorsal and ventral sutures. (beans, peas).
ii. Follicle: A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1
carpel and at maturity splitting along only one
suture. (larkspur, columbine)
iii. Capsule: A dry dehiscent fruit developed from
several carpels.

13. 2. Indehiscent fruits - Dry fruits which do not open
when mature to shed their seeds. Many of this group
are one seeded fruits.
i. Achene: A one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit; the
one seed is attached to the fruit wall at a single point.
(buttercups, dandelion, sunflower).
ii. Nut: A dry, indehiscent, one seeded fruit similar to
an achene but with the wall greatly thickened and
hardened. (beech, chestnut, oak, hazel; walnut and
hickory - note: because of extrafloral bracts, or
"husk", the latter two fruits are sometimes called
"drupes").

14. iii. Samara: A one- or two-seeded dry, indehiscent
fruit in which part of the fruit wall grows out into a
wing. (elm, maple, ash).
iv. Grain: A one-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit in
which the fruit wall and the seed coat are fused.
(wheat, corn, grasses).
v. Schizocarp : A fruit formed from several carpels,
each carpel of this pistil enclosing a single ovule, at
maturity the carpels separate as separate
indehiscent fruits. (mallow, wild carrot, dill).

15. 2. Aggregate Fruits
 An aggregate fruits are develops from many separate
carpels of one flower.
 Example: Black berry, Strawberry etc.

16. 3. Multiple Fruits
 A fruit formed from the fusion of the ovaries of many different
flowers which develop closely together to form one bigger fruit.
 Example: pineapples, figs, and mulberries.