This document describes how to calculate the stomatal index and frequency of a leaf's epidermal surface to determine transpiration rates. The procedure involves peeling the epidermal layers from a leaf and counting stomata in a given area under a microscope. The stomatal index is calculated using a formula that relates the number of stomata to epidermal cells. The results showed higher stomatal frequency and index on the lower leaf surface compared to the upper surface. In conclusion, stomatal index and frequency measurements can help determine differences in transpiration rates between the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
Taxus baccata commonly known as ‘Yew’, is an evergreen tree attaining a height of 9-20 metres with a massive trunk. Taxus is usually dioecious, but occasionally monoecious trees are also reported.
The reproductive structures become prominent on the plant in February-March. The male and female plants do not show any distinction in their vegetative organization. The differentiation between them can be made only when the plants are in the flowering or fruiting stage. Vegetative reproduction in Taxus is not known.
the top three theories of root apical meristem in plants. The theories are: 1. Apical Cell Theory 2. Histogen Theory 3. Korper-Kappe Theory.The root apical meristem, or root apex, is a small region at the tip of a root in which all cells are capable of repeated division and from which all primary root tissues are derived. The root apical meristem is protected as it passes through the soil by an outer region of living parenchyma cells called the root cap.
Plant growth regulators (also called plant hormones) are numerous chemical substances that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues and organs.
Taxus baccata commonly known as ‘Yew’, is an evergreen tree attaining a height of 9-20 metres with a massive trunk. Taxus is usually dioecious, but occasionally monoecious trees are also reported.
The reproductive structures become prominent on the plant in February-March. The male and female plants do not show any distinction in their vegetative organization. The differentiation between them can be made only when the plants are in the flowering or fruiting stage. Vegetative reproduction in Taxus is not known.
the top three theories of root apical meristem in plants. The theories are: 1. Apical Cell Theory 2. Histogen Theory 3. Korper-Kappe Theory.The root apical meristem, or root apex, is a small region at the tip of a root in which all cells are capable of repeated division and from which all primary root tissues are derived. The root apical meristem is protected as it passes through the soil by an outer region of living parenchyma cells called the root cap.
Plant growth regulators (also called plant hormones) are numerous chemical substances that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues and organs.
The Shoot apex is also known as the terminal bud of plants that grows from 0.1-1.0 mm and consists of the apical meristem, developing leaves and the immediate surrounding leaf primordial. The shoot apex is present in both dicot and monocot plants.
Taxus -Morphological ,anatomical and reproductive features &Economic importanceJasmine Mariya
Taxus is a representative of conifers which is a prominent member in that group.It shows so many remarkable features in its morphology , Anatomy ,Reproduction and life cycle. It's economically importance is also great. This presentation is a overall description about Taxus.
Xerophytes are plants which grow in xeric environment. They have adapted morphological, physiological and anatomical changes in order to survive in xeric conditions. Various anatomical adaptations in xerophytic plants which helps to absorb as much as water as possible, to store for long time and to reduce the rate of transpiration which enables them to survive in xeric condition are included in the presentation.
A SEMINAR ON THE MANUFACTURING OF PARA RUBBER WHERE YOU GET ALL THOSE INFORMATION ABOUT THE MANUFACTURING .THAT'S SUFFICIENT FOR A SEMINAR IN YOUR SEMINAR
Leaf constants practical manual 2021- By Dr. Preeti VermaPreeti Verma
This practical manual contains the concepts and stepwise determination methods for leaf constants, including vein islet number, vein termination number, stomatal number and stomatal index for the sample leaf drugs.
The authors duly acknowledge all other authors whose content/graphic has been directly or indirectly used in the manual for educational purpose only, even if their reference has not been mentioned.
The Shoot apex is also known as the terminal bud of plants that grows from 0.1-1.0 mm and consists of the apical meristem, developing leaves and the immediate surrounding leaf primordial. The shoot apex is present in both dicot and monocot plants.
Taxus -Morphological ,anatomical and reproductive features &Economic importanceJasmine Mariya
Taxus is a representative of conifers which is a prominent member in that group.It shows so many remarkable features in its morphology , Anatomy ,Reproduction and life cycle. It's economically importance is also great. This presentation is a overall description about Taxus.
Xerophytes are plants which grow in xeric environment. They have adapted morphological, physiological and anatomical changes in order to survive in xeric conditions. Various anatomical adaptations in xerophytic plants which helps to absorb as much as water as possible, to store for long time and to reduce the rate of transpiration which enables them to survive in xeric condition are included in the presentation.
A SEMINAR ON THE MANUFACTURING OF PARA RUBBER WHERE YOU GET ALL THOSE INFORMATION ABOUT THE MANUFACTURING .THAT'S SUFFICIENT FOR A SEMINAR IN YOUR SEMINAR
Leaf constants practical manual 2021- By Dr. Preeti VermaPreeti Verma
This practical manual contains the concepts and stepwise determination methods for leaf constants, including vein islet number, vein termination number, stomatal number and stomatal index for the sample leaf drugs.
The authors duly acknowledge all other authors whose content/graphic has been directly or indirectly used in the manual for educational purpose only, even if their reference has not been mentioned.
Effects of a Composite Endomycorrhizal Inoculum on Olive Cuttings under the G...IJEAB
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So we were tasked to write scientific papers about the five ecosystems which we have sampled namely: Forest, Grassland, Stream, Coastal Marine, and Mangrove Ecosystems. But then since it was such a handful assignment, our teacher agreed that we can pick only two of these ecosystems that we'll make a scientific paper about and I chose Grassland and Coastal Marine Ecosystems.
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4. Stomatal index
It the percentage which the number of stomata form to the total
number of epidermal cells, each stoma being counted as one
cell. Stomatal index can be calculated by using the following
equation: Stomatal Index = S x 100/E+S S= Number of stomata per
unit area.
Stomatal number
Stomatal number is defined as the
average number of stomata per sq mm
of epidermis of the leaf.
Stomatal frequency can be defined
as the number of stomata present per
unit area of a leaf.
5. Procedur
e
Take a dorsiventral leaf and with the help of forceps carefully
peel off epidermal layer from both sides.
Then take a clean glass slides and mount the peel leaf on it and
a drop of water.
Observe under microscope.
Count the number of stomata on both surface of leaves in area
under microscope.
With the help of stage micrometer measure diameter of
epidermis under microscope.
6. Stomatal Index = S x
100/E+S
S= Number
of stomata per unit area.
E= Number of epidermal
cells per unit area.
7. RESULT
On lower surface of leaf both stomatal frequency and stomatal
index is higher as compare to upper surface
UPPER
SURFACE
LOWER
SURFAC
E
8. CONCLUSION
With the help of Stomatal index and Stomatal
frequency we can calculate stomatal intensity
of upper and lower surface of leaf and it plays
important role in determining rate of
transpiration and gas exchange.
When stomatal frequency is high then rate of
transpiration is also high and vice-versa.
