The document provides an overview of footprinting, which is the first stage of reconnaissance during a cyber attack. It involves gathering open-source information about a target organization to understand its security profile and map its network. Some of the tools mentioned for footprinting include Whois, Nslookup, traceroute, Google Earth and various online databases to find domain information, network details, employee names and more. The goal is to learn as much as possible about the target before launching an actual attack.

1. MODULE 2 FOOT PRINTING

2. Objective Overview of the Reconnaissance Phase Introducing Footprinting Understanding the information gathering methodology of hackers Comprehending the Implications Learning some of the tools used for reconnaissance phase FootPrinting steps

3. Defining Footprinting Footprinting is the blueprinting of the security profile of an organization, undertaken in a methodological manner. Footprinting is one of the three pre-attack phases. The others are scanning and enumeration. Footprinting results in a unique organization profile with respect to networks (Internet / Intranet / Extranet / Wireless) and systems involved. An attacker will spend 90% of the time in profiling an organization and another 10% in launching the attack

4. Information Gathering Methodology Unearth initial information Locate the network range Ascertain active machines Discover open ports / access points Detect operating systems Uncover services on ports Map the Network

5. Unearthing Initial Information Commonly includes : Domain name lookup Locations Contacts (Telephone / mail) Information Sources : Open source Whois Nslookup Hacking Tool : Sam Spade

6. Finding a Company’s URL & Info. Search for a company’s URL using a search engine such as www.google.com Type the company’s name in the search engine to get the company URL Google provides rich information to perform passive reconnaissance Check newsgroups, forums, and blogs for sensitive information regarding the network

7. People Search

8. People Search Website

9. Satellite Picture of a Residence

10. Public and Private Websites

11. DNS Enumerator

12. SpiderFoot SpiderFoot is a free, open-source, domain footprinting tool which will scrape the websites on that domain, as well as search Google,Netcraft, Whois, and DNS to build up information like: Subdomains Affiliates Web server versions Users (i.e. /~user) Similar domains Email addresses Netblocks

13. SpiderFoot

14. Web Data Extractor Tool

15. Additional Footprinting Tools Whois Nslookup ARIN Neo Trace VisualRoute Trace SmartWhois eMailTrackerPro Website watcher Google Earth GEO Spider HTTrack Web Copier E-mail Spider

16. Whois Lookup With whois lookup, you can get personal and contact information For example, www.samspade.com

17. Whois Registrant: targetcompany (targetcompany-DOM) # Street Address City, Province State, Pin, Country Domain Name : targetcompany.COM Domain servers in listed order: NS1.WEBHOST.COM XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX NS2.WEBHOST.COM XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Administrative Contact: Surname, Name (SNIDNo-ORG) t [email_address] targetcompany (targetcompany-DOM) # Street Address City, Province, State, Pin, Country Telephone: XXXXX Fax XXXXX Technical Contact : Surname, Name (SNIDNo-ORG) t [email_address] targetcompany (targetcompany-DOM) # Street Address City, Province, State, Pin, Country Telephone: XXXXX Fax XXXXX

18. Online Whois Tools

19. Nslookup Nslookup is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Displays information that can be used to diagnose Domain Name System (DNS) infrastructure. Helps find additional IP addresses if authoritative DNS is known from whois. MX record reveals the IP of the mail server. Both Unix and Windows come with a Nslookup client. Third party clients are also available – E.g. Sam Spade

20. NSLookup options Switch Function nslookup Launches the nslookup program. host name Returns the IP address for the specified host name. NAME Displays information about the host/domain NAME using default server NAME1 NAME2 As above, but uses NAME2 as server help or? Displays information about common commands set OPTION Sets an option domain= NAME Sets default domain name to NAME. root = NAME Sets root server to NAME. retry= X Sets number of retries to X. timeout= X Sets initial timeout interval to X seconds. type= X

21. Types of DNS Records

22. Locate the Network Range Commonly includes: Finding the range of IP addresses Discerning the subnet mask Information Sources: ARIN (American Registry of Internet Numbers) Traceroute Hacking Tool : NeoTrace Visual Route

23. Traceroute Traceroute works by exploiting a feature of the Internet Protocol called TTL, or Time To Live. Traceroute reveals the path IP packets travel between two systems by sending out consecutive UDP packets with ever-increasing TTLs . As each router processes a IP packet, it decrements the TTL. When the TTL reaches zero, it sends back a "TTL exceeded" message (using ICMP ) to the originator. Routers with DNS entries reveal the name of routers, network affiliation and geographic location .

24. Trace Route Analysis

25. Trace Route Analysis

26. Tool: NeoTrace (Now McAfee Visual Trace) NeoTrace shows the traceroute output visually – map view, node view and IP view

27. Tool: VisualRoute Trace

28. Tool: Path Analyzer Pro - http://vostrom.com

29. Path Analyzer Pro Screenshot

30. Path Analyzer Pro Screenshot

31. Path Analyzer Pro Screenshot

32. GoogleEarth

33. GoogleEarth Showing Pentagon

34. Tool: SmartWhois SmartWhois is a useful network information utility that allows you to find out all available information about an IP address, host name, or domain, including country, state or province, city, name of the network provider, administrator and technical support contact information Unlike standard Whois utilities, SmartWhois can find the information about a computer located in any part of the world, intelligently querying the right database and delivering all the related records within a few seconds.

35. Tool: eMailTrackerPro eMailTrackerPro is the e-mail analysis tool that enables analysis of an e-mail and its headers automatically and provides graphical results

36. How to Setup a Fake Website?

37. How to Setup a Fake Website?

38. Website Stealing Tool: Reamweaver Reamweaver has everything you need to instantly “steal" anyone's website, copying the real-time "look and feel" but letting you change any words, images, etc. that you choose When a visitor visits a page on your stolen (mirrored) website, Reamweaver gets the page from the target domain, changes the words as you specify, and stores the result (along with images, etc.) in the fake website With this tool your fake website will always look current, Reamweaver automatically updates the fake mirror when the content changes in the original website Download: http://www.eccouncil.org/ cehtools/reamweaver.zip