Modem synchronization and control
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Includes a briefing on medium and high speed modems.Information about training sequence,scrambler and descrambler circuits.Also includes an introduction to modem control.
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6 Weeks Industrial Training In Telecom In Chandigarh
GSM combines frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) to allow multiple stations to access the same radio channel. The bandwidth is divided into 124 channels of 200 kHz each that are shared between up to eight mobile stations by assigning transmission slots. TDMA frames are 4.615 ms long and each frame is divided into 8 time slots of 577 μs. Uplink and downlink frames are offset by three time slots to avoid collisions. Logical channels include traffic channels, broadcast channels, common control channels, and dedicated control channels for functions like paging, synchronization, authentication and call setup. GSM uses pulse code modulation and RPE-LPC speech coding at 13 kbps to compress
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The document describes experiments performed on time division multiplexing, pulse code modulation, differential pulse code modulation, delta modulation, frequency shift keying, and differential phase shift keying. The experiments aim to study the principles and characteristics of these digital communication techniques by using equipment like multiplexing/demultiplexing trainer kits, PCM modulator and demodulator kits, and oscilloscopes. The procedures involve applying input signals, observing the output waveforms on oscilloscopes, and analyzing the effects of varying signal parameters.
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Digital transmission involves transmitting digital signals between two points. Pulse modulation converts analog signals into discrete digital pulses that are transmitted over a physical medium. Pulse code modulation (PCM) is commonly used for digital transmission and involves sampling, quantizing, and coding analog signals into digital pulses. Multiplexing techniques like time-division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) allow multiple signals to be transmitted over the same channel by allocating different time slots or frequency bands to each signal.
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Sage's Modem Protocol Analyzer (SMPA) helps identify the exact cause of failed modem calls. It passively monitors and analyzes the signals from both modems in real-time, displaying time-stamped information. An example output from SMPA is provided, showing the signals exchanged from Phase 1 to disconnection. Phase 1 involves the ANSam tone from the answering modem and the CM and JM signals between the modems to establish capabilities. The example output is then explained signal-by-signal.
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The document discusses interfacing a microcontroller with various peripherals including timers, serial communication, interrupts, LCDs, and keyboards. It provides details on:
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- Configuring and handling interrupts from different sources and writing interrupt service routines.
- Interfacing 8051 with LCDs for display and matrix keyboards for input using specific I/O ports for scanning rows and columns.
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The document discusses the USART-8251 chip, which converts parallel data to serial and vice versa. It has sections for a data bus buffer, read/write control logic, modem control, transmitter and receiver. The read/write control logic handles the control and status registers using signals like CS, C/D, WR and RD. The transmitter converts 8-bit parallel data to a serial stream, while the receiver does the opposite. The modem control signals interface with external modems. Overall, the USART-8251 chip facilitates serial communication by converting between serial and parallel formats.
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This document discusses serial communication with the 8051 microcontroller. It begins by contrasting serial and parallel communication, listing advantages of serial. It then explains asynchronous serial communication protocols. Next, it describes half and full duplex transmission, data framing, transfer rates, and the RS-232 standard. Finally, it provides examples of initializing and programming the 8051 for serial communication using timers, registers, and algorithms.
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CDMA technology uses code division multiple access to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously using the same frequency band. It uses pseudo-random noise codes with a spread spectrum technique. The document discusses CDMA components like Walsh codes, frequency bands, and channel concepts. It explains the generation of different CDMA channels including pilot, sync, paging, traffic and access channels. It also covers CDMA operations like call processing states, registration types, and handoff procedures.
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The document summarizes the frame structure of SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) transmission. It explains that an STM-1 frame comprises 9 rows and 270 columns, with each column representing 1 byte. Transmission occurs row by row at a rate of 125 microseconds per frame. This equates to a payload data rate of 155.52 Mbps. It also lists the various network elements in SDH such as multiplexers, regenerators, and the SDH multiplexing process.
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The document describes an automatic garage system that uses a VHDL programming language. It uses a DTMF circuit to receive signals from a cell phone and control servo motors to open and close the garage door. An IR sensor is used as input to a 30-second counter timer to close the door automatically after a car enters. The system utilizes components like a DE0 Altera kit, DTMF decoder, servo motors, IR sensor, and counters in VHDL code to control the opening and closing of the garage door remotely via a cell phone.
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please let me know in the comments if you have any enhancements or feedback.
CAN communicatoin stack,it take me a long time to found it, hope it help
The document summarizes the Autosar CAN communication stack, which includes modules like COM, PDU-Router, CANIF, CANTP, CANSM, and CAN driver. It describes the interaction between these modules to transition from no communication to full communication state upon a request, transmit a message onto the CAN bus, and receive an incoming message from the CAN bus.
CRC AND TRANSMIT ERROR REPORT
This document describes the data acquisition process and network topology for a Sercel 428XL seismic data acquisition system. It discusses how seismic data is acquired by field units, digitized, transmitted through a network of LAU nodes, and finally received and processed by the recording truck. Key components include the field digitizer units, LAU nodes, LCI recorder, and 428XL server. The data passes through various processing stages including analog to digital conversion, multiplexing, filtering, compression and error checking before being received and analyzed by the control node.
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Scada1
The document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems used in power system management. It discusses:
1) SCADA allows remote monitoring and control of equipment by collecting data from devices in the field and presenting it for user-friendly monitoring and analysis.
2) In power systems, SCADA is used to monitor generation stations, substations, transmission lines to efficiently manage the system.
3) Key components include RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) that interface with field devices to collect data, communication networks to transmit data to control centers, and HMI software for operators.
Ai Cdma
This document provides an overview of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology, including its implementation, network architecture, concepts, cell structure, and voice paths. Key aspects covered include how CDMA uses direct sequence spreading to allow frequency reuse, its use of Walsh codes and long codes to channelize signals, soft handoff capabilities, and forward and reverse voice paths involving vocoding, error correction, and power control. The document is intended to explain the basic workings and advantages of CDMA wireless networks to readers.
Cdma system
CDMA systems use code division multiple access (CDMA) to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously using the same frequency band. CDMA uses spreading codes to distinguish between users, allowing signals to overlap in both time and frequency. Key aspects of CDMA include soft handoff which provides better call quality during handoffs, rake receivers which mitigate multipath interference, and intelligent vocoders which provide high quality voice compression. CDMA networks also use power control and simple network planning to provide better coverage than comparable systems while using less infrastructure. The cdma2000 1x standard provided increased data speeds and backward compatibility with earlier CDMA networks.
Final presentation
This document summarizes an OFDM channel estimation project. It discusses the objective to maximize OFDM system capacity through channel estimation and adaptive transmission. It outlines the system architecture, including the transmitter, channel, receiver, and channel estimation. It also lists the work completed, such as programs for channel impulse response, Rayleigh fading, and adding noise.
8251 USART
The document discusses asynchronous and synchronous serial communication using the 8251A USART chip. It describes the basics of serial communication including synchronous vs asynchronous transmission. It provides details on the components and functioning of the 8251A USART chip, including its transmitter, receiver, control logic and modem control sections. The chip allows for full-duplex serial communication and can operate in both synchronous and asynchronous modes. It converts parallel data from the microprocessor to serial data for transmission and vice versa on reception.
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Modem synchronization and control
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