The presentation outlines digital video broadcasting (DVB) standards, including DVB-S, DVB-C, and DVB-T, explaining their functionalities and differences. It details the frequency bands used and the modulation techniques like QAM and QPSK, as well as advancements in DVB technology such as DVB-S2 and DVB-C2 allowing higher bitrates. The document also discusses various devices involved in broadcasting systems, including multiplexers and modulators, and their roles in digital network infrastructure.

2. IN THIS PRESENTATION
• BROADCASTING
• DVB
• DVB-STANDARDS
• FREQUENCY BANDS
• BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL NETWORK
• INTRODUCTION TO DVB-S, C, T
• DIFFERENT DEVICES USED IN DIGITAL
NETWORK

3. Broadcasting:
• InTelecommunication, broadcasting refers to a method of transferring a
message to all recipients simultaneously

4. DigitalVideo Broadcasting (DVB)
• DVB is a set of standards that define digital broadcasting using existing
satellite, cable, and terrestrial infrastructures.
• The term digital television is sometimes used as a synonym for DVB

5. DVB Standards
• DVB-S
• DVB-C
• DVB-T
• DVB-S2
• DVB-C2
• DVB-T2

6. Satellite Frequency Bands
• C-Band(4 to 8GHz)
• KU-Band(11 to 17GHz)
• KA-Band(20 t0 30GHz)

7. Receiver MUX
CombinerOptical TX
Free To Air Digital Channel Block
ROSA SYSTEM
QAM

8. Receiver MUX
QAMCombinerOptical TX
Descrambler
Paid Channel Digital Block Diagram
ROSA SYSTEM

9. Receiver Multiplexer QAM
IF Modulator
AudioVideo
IF out
Up Converter
ASI
OUT
ASI
OUT
ASI =Asynchronous Serial Interface
Rf Combiner
1550nm
optical TX
More than one Channels with single receiver on Digital network
Dish
Single channel with single receiver on analog network
RF
RF
RF
To co-locations
QAM=Quadrature amplitude modulation

10. DVB-S
• DVB-S is an abbreviation for "DigitalVideo Broadcasting — Satellite“.
• It is the original DigitalVideo Broadcasting Forward error correction and
demodulation standard for Satellite Television.
• Dates from 1995, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to
1997.

11. Frequency in Use by Nayatel
• Frequency range being used by Nayatel for receiving channels is 10.3GHz to
12.3GHz.
• Note: Communication spectrum for military can use upto 18GHz frequency.

12. DVB-S2
DigitalVideo Broadcasting - Satellite - Second
Generation
• designed as a successor for the popular DVB-S system.
• Developed in 2003
• Impact2 and Impact4 Encoding Schemes are used to lessen the Bandwidth
• The development of DVB-S2 coincided with the introduction of HDTV
and H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC)

13. Difference Between DVB-S, DVB-S2
• DVBS is basically SD (NOT HD) and DVBS2 is HD
• DVBS sends in MPEG2 (like what you find in DVD`s) and DVBS2 sends in
MPEG4 which is a better compression algorithm
• DVB-S use QPSK as Modulation Mode while DVB-S2 uses QPSK, 8PSK,
16PSK modulation modes.

14. Improvements:
• In March 2014, DVB-S2X specification has been published by DVB Project

15. DVB-C(DigitalVideo Broadcasting – Cable)
• DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission
of digital television over cable.
• first published by the ETSI in 1994
• DVB-C (VHF/UHF) uses QAM: 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM or
256-QAM.
• transmits an MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 family digital audio/digital video stream

16. DVB-C2
• Development announced in 2008
• The final DVB-C2 specification was approved by the DVB Steering Board in April 2009.
• DVB-C2 allows bitrates up to 83.1 Mbit/s on a 8 MHz channel bandwidth when using 4096-QAM
modulation.
• Future extensions will allow up to 97 Mbit/s and 110.8 Mbit/s per channel using 16384-QAM and
65536-AQAM modulation
• Muliplets Multiple Streams into Single Transport Stream.
• Only Lies for UHF

17. Being Used in Nayatel
• Nayatel is using 64QAM with 8MHz gap, using which total of 38.2Mbps of
data can be streamed.

18. DVB-C DVB-C2
Input Interface
SingleTransport
Stream(TS)
MultipleTransport Stream andGeneric Stream Encapsulation(GSE)
Modes
Constant
Coding &Modulati
on
Variable Coding & Modulation and AdaptiveCoding & Modulation
FEC
Reed
Solomon (RS)
LDPC + BCH 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10[4]
Modulation
Single
Carrier QAM
absolute OFDM[5]
Modulation
Schemes
16- to 256-QAM 16- to 4096-QAM
Guard Interval Not Applicable 1/64 or 1/128
Inverse Fast
Fourier
transform (IFFT)
size
Not Applicable 4k[6]
Interleaving Bit-Interleaving Bit-Time- and Frequency-Interleaving
Pilots Not Applicable Scattered andContinual Pilots

19. DVB-T
• DVB-T offers three different modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)
• A terrestrial (over-the-air) transmission carries 19.39 megabits of data per
second

20. DVB-H
• Sub-standard of DVB-T, introduced for Hand Held devices like Mobile
• Was not successful.

21. • Transmission made through DVB is not onlyVideo, but Data as well
• It contains:
• Network InformationTable(NIT)
• Transport Stream ID (TS-ID)
• Service DescriptionTable (SDT)

22. The IRD is the interface between a receiving satellite dish and a
broadcasting facility video/audio infrastructure.
Integrated receiver decoder
INPUT RF
OUTPUT ASI/AV
CAPABLE TO DESECRAMBLE PAID CHANNELS
IRD

23. Advantages:
• DVB
• - High bandwidth outbound or broadcast
• - Designed and built forVideo Broadcast
• - Lower Cost of RemoteTerminals

24. Disadvantages:
• - Generally Power-Limited satellite requirement
• - Very inefficient when use of transponder capacity
• - Not designed forTCP/IP traffic. IP is encapsulated within MPEG
• - Very high Hub equipment cost

25.  1. Used for re-multiplexing of digital channels
 2. 8 ASI Inputs, 2 ASI Outputs
 3. Web Based Management/Server ROSA
Management
 4. Input stream has multiple channels and we select
only which we need
 5. We are using 4 Muxes 9600
Multiplexer 9600(SA)

26. 1. Output of Mux 9600 is given to QAM Modulator
2. Used for QAM (Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation) at Digital Frequencies
3. We use 64 QAM (other types are 32, 128, 256)
4. ASI Input, RF Output
5. Limitation of Maximum 38.2 Mbps per QAM
6. One QAM, One Digital Frequency
QAM Modulator (SA)

27. 1. Used to open complete stream of scrambled
channels
2. ASI In, ASI Out
3. Web Based Management
4. Work with Sharing Card
Descrambler (SA)

28. 1. Enhanced Multimedia Router (EMR) by Sumavision
2.Major Purpose is to add AV channels in Digital
3.6 cards per chassis
4.5 Analog MPEG2 AV Input cards, 2 AV inputs per card
5.1 Output Card, 2 ASI In, 2 ASI Out
6.Total Inputs: 10 AV and 2 ASI
7.Total Outputs: 2 ASI
8.Management through Application ‘Netmanager’
9.Other cards are ASI Combiners, HDMI Input, Satellite
Tuner, IP Output
EMR

29. 1. Multiplexer for Digital and IP TV
2. 16 ASI inputs
3. IP output
4.Supports Multicast, Unicast and all types of QAM
streams
5. Management through application ‘Cherrypicker’
6.Number of RF Muxes depends upon APEX QAM cards
Mix DM6400

30.  1. QAM Modulator for Mux DM 6400
 2. Coverts IP to RF
 3. Total 3 Cards
 4. Each card has 2 ports
 5. Each port support 2 digital frequencies
 6. 4 frequencies per card
 7. 12 frequencies for APEX
Apex 1000

31. MUX
QAMCombinerOptical TX
EMR
A/V Free And Paid Digital Channel
Block ROSA SYSTEM
Receiver/
Decoder

32. DM 6400
ApexCombinerOptical TX
A/V Free And Paid Digital Channel Block
MOTOROLA SYSTEM
EMR
Receiver/
Decoder
Ethernet
Switch

33. 1. Used to share one Descrambling in multiple
receivers and descramblers
2.Card is inserted in main device and sharing cards are
connected with this main device
3.Other receivers/descramblers work with sharing
cards
Sharing Devices

34. 1. VOLT (Video Optical Line Terminal) by Scientific Atlanta
2. Used in distribution of Fiber Network
3. Chassis in Data Center converts RF network to Fiber (Optical
Network)
4. Chassis in POPs used for distribution and amplification
5. One chassis has 15 Slots
6. First four slots are reserved for Power and last 15th slot is for
management card
7. Rest of the slots are for Amplifiers
Prism Chassis