The document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems used in power system management. It discusses: 1) SCADA allows remote monitoring and control of equipment by collecting data from devices in the field and presenting it for user-friendly monitoring and analysis. 2) In power systems, SCADA is used to monitor generation stations, substations, transmission lines to efficiently manage the system. 3) Key components include RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) that interface with field devices to collect data, communication networks to transmit data to control centers, and HMI software for operators.

1. Welcome S C A D A S UPERVISORY C ONTROL A ND D ATA A CQUISITION K.J.THOMAS , Asst:Exe:Engineer, T elecommunication N etwork M anagement S ystem Sub Division , Kalamassery, Kerala Ph:0484 2555950(O),2543875® For Power System Management Presentation on

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF A SCADA SYSTEM Normally used for accessing DATA from various equipments and Devices Remotely and to Control them Remotely Process the DATA Presentation in a User friendly way for Monitoring Purpose Analysing the DATA Remote Control – Can be Manual Based on Decisions or Automatic Control based on Conditions

3. APPLICATIONS In Industry-Production, Processing Units etc Pipe Line Monitoring - Like ONGC Ship Telecom POWER SECTOR

4. CLASSIFICATION LOCAL SCADA REMOTE SCADA

5. SCADA IN POWER SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

6. RSCC, BANGALORE POWER MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY SLDC Kalamassery SLDC Bangalore SLDC Chennai SLDC Hyderabad SUB LDC KLRY SUB LDC KANNUR SUB LDC TVM 7 Stns 15 Stns 9 Stns

7. Regional Level SCADA Overview

8. STATE LEVEL SCADA OVERVIEW

9. COMPONENTS OF REMOTE SCADA SYSTEM COMPUTER & DISPLAY SYSTEM TELECOM NETWORK R T U FIELD INPUTS

10. DATA Flow Path RTU Interface Interface FEP Other Stations To Commn Device TERMINALS DISPLAY LAN Field Data Commn Commn Server Router

11. MW Link OFC Link PLCC Links STATE LDC MW Link OFC Link PLCC Link

12. FIELD INPUTS & RTU

13. Efficient Management of the Power System, the Load Dispatcher requires Live Data from ** All Generating Stations ** All Important Sub Stations – All 400 Kv & 220 Kv Stations ** All Interstate Lines – 110 Kv Stations with Interstate Lines ** Conditions in the neighboring states and regions

14. Data to be Monitored Power : MW Reactive Power : MVAR Voltage : KV Frequency : Hz Current : Amps Transformer Tap : Position Number C. B Position : Status Indication Isolator Position : Status Indication Earth switch : Status Indication

15. Parameters Te Be Monitored and the Transmission Methods Analogue Values Digital Values MW, MVAR, V, F, Tap Position, I etc CB Position, Isolator Position, SOE Points, Relay Indications

16. Different Types of TRANSDUCERS Processor & Controller mA I N P U T S Serial Digital Data

17. Transmission Circuits CT PT MW Transducer MVAR Transducer Voltage Transducer 4 to 20 mA 4 to 20 mA 4 to 20 mA 4 to 20 mA 4 to 20 mA 4 to 20 mA

18. RTU Diagram

19. WESDAC D20 RTU WITH pSOS as Operating system D20 M A I N D20 S 64 INPUTS D20 A 32 INPUTS D20 K 64 OUTPUTS Based on Motorola MC 68020, 32 bit Processor Separate Processor for each Peripheral Modules

20. Conversion to Digital Values ADC 4 – 20 mA Digital Signals

21. Parallel to Serial Conversion – Time Division Multiplication P - S Parallel Data from ADC Serial Digital Data

22. Summary of RTU Function R T U CT PT Status Indications Serial Digital Data Other Field Inputs

23. FEP – FRONT END PROCESSOR BASED ON MOTOROLA MVME3604 Single Board Computer. It Supports a 10Base T Ethernet port It includes a 25 MHz MC68040 Processor Communicates with RTUs by Polling With the Ethernet interface, make the connections to the Computer network Time Synchronisation of all RTUs using GPS

24. FEP SUMMARY FEP Serial Digital Circuit From Different RTUs Ethernet

25. Data Transmission Speed 1200 Baud More Than 60 600 Baud 30 To 60 Values 300 Baud Up to 30 Values Data Speed Analogue Values

26. Telecom Network For SCADA

27. Now Our Requirement is Tx/Rx the Digital Serial Data From the RTU to the FEP through a Communication Media Digital Communication Media Analogue Communication Media

28. Analogue Communication Media DATA TRANSMISSION THROUGH P OWER L INE C ARRIER C OMMUNICATION

29. PLCC Fundamentals P L C C Analogue AF Signal 300Hz To 4000Hz RF Signal Output In the Range of 50KHz to 500 KHz

30. Data Speech Dialing Protection Data Speech Dialing Protection Co-axial Output Cable Tx Signal Rx Signal AF Input Card AF Filter Card AF to IF AF to RF Hybrid Tx Amplifier AF Input Card AF Filter Card AF to IF AF to RF Tx Amplifier

31. 220 KV Power Transmission Line Drainage Coil Coupling Capacitor COUPLING TO POWER LINE Drainage Coil To Power Equipment Wave Trap Wave Trap P L C C LMU 50 Hz KHz KHz L.A E.S 2200 Pf 0.5 mH 2 mH Coupling Capacitor P L C C LMU

32. Impendence Offered by the CC to Power Frequency = Zcp = 1/2 ¶FC = Very High Impendence Offered by the CC to RF Signal = Zcs = 1/2 ¶FC = Very Low Impendence Offered by the DC to Power Frequency = Zdp = 2 ¶FL = Very Low Impendence Offered by the DC to RF Signal = Zds = 2 ¶FL = Very High CC :- Coupling Capacitor DC :- Drainage Coil

33. KHz 70mA Very Low Voltage at this point RF Signal This Earthing is Very Important

34. RTU FSK MODEM F FSK MODEM FEP Digital FSK Signal Digital FSK Signal P L C C P L C C

35. FSK Table

36. Data Transmission Through Digital Media Digital Communication Basics Analogue Value Samples

37. Sampling Theorom Samples must be taken at a frequency at least T wice the frequency of the maximum frequency of the Signal to be Digitised Our Maximum Frequency to be transmitted is 4 KHz Sampling Rate = 8 KHz Sampling Period = 1/8000 = 125 µS

40. Samples 8 Bit ADC One Sample BIT Width ~ 0.48 µS SAMPLE Width = 3.9 µS

41. V1 V2 V3 V32 125 µS 8 Bit V1-S1 8 Bit V1-S2 Sampling and Digitising Sampling and Digitising Sampling and Digitising Sampling and Digitising

42. 8 Bit V2-S1 8 Bit V3-S1 8 Bit V2-S2 8 Bit V3-S2 V32-S1 125 µS SPEED = NO: Bits per Second One Frame TS 0 TS 2 TS 31 Speed of a Single Time Slot = 8 x 8000 = 64, 000 Bits/s = 64 Kbps Speed of a Full Frame = 64,000 x 32 = 2048000 Bits/S = 2 Mbps 8 Bit V1-S1 8 Bit V1-S2

43. First Order Terminal Multiplexer - MUX TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 2 Mbps Data Circuits Speech Circuits

44. TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 2 Mbps Data Circuits Speech Circuits TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0 2 Mbps First Order Drop / Insert Multiplexer - D/I MUX

45. P C M R A C R A C C H S U R G P A C N C C P C M D U M M Y D U M M Y R G P A DROP / INSERT MUX

46. RAC – Data Interface Card Up to 4 Data Circuits Can be Connected to a RAC Card Data Speed can be Up to 64 Kbps The Data can be either Synchronous or Asynchronous Various interfacing options are available

47. MW Equipment 2 Mb Frames 8 Mb 8 Mb

48. F O Equipment 1 63 STM 1 2 Mb 155 Mb

49. FO FO User Channels, Speech or Data 2 Mb WB Network MUX D/I MUX D/I MUX

50. Optic Fiber Communication Cladding Core Jacket 250 Mm 125 Mm Fiber is formed from Silica rods. Fiber is coated with an acrylic coating to protect the glass

51. OPTICAL SIGNAL TRANSMISSION A B Electrical Signal Optical Fiber cable Optical Transmitter Optical Receiver Acceptance cone

52. OF Communication in Power System The POWER TRANSMISSION TOWER IS USED FOR OF Cabling

53. Cables for Use in Power Sector ADSS :- All Dielectric Self Supporting Wrap Around Cable OPGW :- Optical Power Ground Wire

54. OF Cable ADSS OF Cabling