The document describes modifying a traditional Ethiopian handloom weaving machine to increase productivity for small businesses. The researchers observed that existing handlooms had widths larger than needed for common products, causing workload issues. Their modified design optimizes the loom width, reduces space usage, includes an adjustable take-up motion to reduce fatigue, and adds a comfortable bench. Testing showed the modified loom improved performance, load distribution during batting, and efficient use of materials.

1. MODIFYING & DEVELOPING TRADITIONAL
HANDLOOM WEAVING MACHINE FOR SMALL
MICRO ENTERPRISE
Bahir Dar University
Ethiopian institute of textile and fashion Technology
(EiTex)Advisor Name Esubalew
Prepared by
Solomon Eshetu R/016/05
Chala Gudeta R/004/05
Makida Abdo R/011/05
Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
May 19/2015
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2. 1.INTODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
The hand loom industry is an important economy ground since the h
andloom industry
presents a sustainable model of economic activity in which it need
s low energy and capital
costs, second stage in job opportunity ,it reduce the rural migratio
n ,it reflect ethos ,flexibility as well as an extensive skill base .
(Reardon et al. 2007).
In Ethiopia, hand-weaving is a particularly important sub-sector, being the
most important employer of rural families after agriculture (Abdella
and Ayele 2008). According to Central Statistics Agency 2003
Cottage/Handicraft Manufacturing Industries Survey, the number of
hand-weaving enterprises in the country was 221,848, with almost 55%
of these in rural areas.
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3. CONT....
In today’s Ethiopia weavers are becoming highly skilled in
their craft and their products are becoming sought after
both within Ethiopia and outside the country.
Traditional weaving technology until this time in many parts
modified and adding more technological advancement on
the traditional Handloom. Our studies based on this need to
modifying the traditional hand loom & to increase the
productivity of small micro Enterprise.
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4. CONT......
Our case study focus in Bahir Dar micro and small
enterprise under the methodology of interview and
observation .The study indicate that there is a problem
in proper utilizing of hand loom width for a specific
product that they have already producing .We designed
modified hand loom to optimize width of the machine
for specific product . and this enables reducing weaver
ergonomics problem.
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5. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The current traditional handlooms modify in verity form and
develop and redesigned some area of the loom but until this time
can’t fulfil the gap on hand loom technical parts, less availability
in compatible for all width to make any product. This gap
impact on productivity and increase the work load on the weaver.
As our observation in Bahir Dar cluster of weaver small micro
Enterprise Weavers produce 40-45 cm width of product like
‘’kuta’’ and home decoration fabric from hand loom having
width of 1,50 meter . In this production method weaver affected
by workload because when battening long batter. Our study
focus to modify ordinary hand loom to use proper space as well
as to reduce work load.
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6. 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
General objective
The objectives of the study is increase the productivity
of small micro Enterprise by means of proper hand
loom width for proper width of product and increase
the efficiency of the weaver.
Specific objective
 To optimized the width of ordinary hand loom machine
 To decrease the load of weaver when working beating
 To reduce ergonomic problem by modify bench of the
weaver.
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7. 1.4 BENEFITS
While using Modified traditional handloom will be able to:
 Mach the width of machine as product specification
 Reduce space of the hand loom
 Reduce the Ergonomic problem happen on the weaver
 Increase the productivity of the small micro Enterprise weaver
association
All these things will lead to will improve the quality of the
product, make traditional weaving more profitable & providing
more comfort for weaver to increase productivity.
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8. 1.5 BENEFICIARIES
The beneficiaries of this product are:
 Educational institution for teaching Aid
Bahir Dar University Ethiopian Institute of textile
& Fashion Technology (Eitex)
Bahir Dar Technical And vocational Training
institutes
 Bahir Dar small micro enterprise weaver association.
 Welling to weave at home purpose.
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9. 1.6 SCOPE
The scope of this study focused in small micro enterprise
hand loom cluster especially live in bahir Dar small
micro enterprise weaver association.
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10. 1.7 LIMITATION
Limitation rise in this study material purchasing
can’t follow in their time (schedule) this affect
the work flow of our study. Further the working
area is dose not fully available resources used
for the study and working environment is
uncomfortable.
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11. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Weaving introduction
Weaving involves using a loom to interlace two sets of threads
at right angle to each other: the warp which runs
longitudinally and the weft (older woof) that crosses it. One
warp thread is called an end and one weft thread is called a
pick. The warp threads are held tight and in parallel to each
other, typically in a loom.
A loom is a device used to weave cloth. The basic purpose
of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to
facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise
shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic
function is the same. There are many types of looms.
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12. CONT....
Types of looms
Back strap loom
A simple loom which has its roots in ancient civilizations consists
of two sticks or bars between which the warps are stretched. One
bar is attached to a fixed object, and the other to the weaver
usually by means of a strap around the back.
Warp-weighted loom
The warp-weighted loom is a vertical loom that may have
originated in the Neolithic period. The earliest evidence of warp-
weighted looms comes from sites belonging to the starcevo culture
in modern Hungary and from late Neolithic sites in Switzerland.
Draw loom
A draw loom is a hand-loom for weaving figured cloth. In a
draw loom, a "figure harness" is used to control each warp thread
separately.
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13. CONT....
Power loom
A power loom is a mechanised loom powered by a “line shaft” (a power
driven rotating shaft).
Handloom
One of the loom type is handloom is a simple machine used for
weaving. In a wooden vertical-shaft looms, the heddles are fixed in place
in the shaft. The major components (part) of hand loom
1.The warp beam
2.Shaft/Harness
3.Heddles
4.Shuttle
5.Reed
6.Take up roll
In the loom, yarn processing includes shedding, picking, battening
and taking-up operations.
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14. HANDLOOM IN ETHIOPIA
In Ethiopia, hand-weaving is a particularly important
sub-sector, being the most important employer of rural
families after agriculture. According to Central Statistics
Agency 2003 Cottage/Handicraft Manufacturing Industries
Survey, the number of hand-weaving enterprises in the
country was 221,848, with almost 55% of these in rural
areas.
In today’s Ethiopia weavers are becoming highly skilled
in their craft and their products are becoming sought after
both within Ethiopia and outside the country. But the
modern weaving technology until this time in many parts
modified and adding more technological advancement on the
traditional Handloom. (Abdella and Ayele 2008)
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15. CONT...
The current traditional handloom modifies in verity form and
develop some area of the loom but until this time can’t fulfil
the gap on the loom technical parts. In the above reason
handloom work in low technology and weaver’s productivity
is less. To increase the productivity of small micro Enterprise
modification is necessary. According to this need to modify
the width of traditional hand loom as their product
specification.
In current time craft man produced handloom in Ethiopia
width of the handloom is biggest than product width
according to this problem in our study decrease the width by
¾ indicated below width specification comparing to the
current handloom in Bahir dar weaver association.
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16. CONT...
fig.1. currently available handloom in small
enterprise
width = 1 meter 50cm
length= 1 meter 50cm
Fig.2. Our Modified handloom
Width = 1meter
Length= 1meter 50cm
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17. CONT.......
Currently used in small macro enterprise waver association
operator was adjusting the take up & take off motion by stop
their work. In this causes affect the speed and productivity. In
our study modified in to control (adjusting) without standing
from their set by using adjustable take up & take off motion of
the handloom near to the right side of the weaver.
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18. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Data collection of traditional hand loom
Design modified part of handloom and assembling by
using CAD (computer Aid Design)
Manufacturing and assembling the real part of modified
part of handloom
Practical test of modified handloom
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19. CONT....
1.Data collection of traditional hand loom
The study is based on both primary and secondary data.
The primary data are derived from the responses of the sample
handloom weavers to the pre-designed schedules. Proper care is
taken to explain to the weavers all the aspects in the schedule and
elicit truthful and unexaggerated feedback from them According
to the following
 Visit available handloom in the association.
 Check Work condition & Different type of there product.
 Asking question in to weaver which area need to modify and
improves in better way to produce.
Secondary data are collected from the available textile reference
book, Lecture hand out of Bahir Dar University and internet.
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20. CONT......2.Design modified part of handloom and assembling by using CAD
As our research methodology the second step to work Design modified part of handloom
according to this show in the following
Fig.1 Main Frame of the handloom side view Fig.2 warp beam let off
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21. CONT....
Fig.3 cloths take up Fig.4 Back Reset Fig.5 heddles holder
Fig.6 Middle cloth supporter
Fig.7 bench
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22. CONT..
Fig.8 Assembled handloom
Fig.9 Assembled bench
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23. CONT...
3.Manufacturing and assembling the real part of modified part of
handloom
Manufacturing handloom in using two part of work system
3.1 prepare & cut material according to the specification of
handloom manufacture and joining by using welding
3.2 Assemble manufactured part
3.1 prepare & cut material according to the specification of
handloom manufacture and Assemble cut parts by using
welding show in picture as follow
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24. CONT...
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Figure 10. main left side frame of
handloom
Figure .11 main right side frame of handloom

25. CONT.....
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Fig .12 Warp beam of
handloom
Fig.13 cloth take up Fig.14 benefactor of the
handloom
Fig.15 back rest
Fig.16 Reed holder

26. CONT.......
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Fig.17 pedal of handloom
Fig.18 Shaft upper holder
Fig.19 bench
Fig.20 rotating wheel
Fig.21 shaft reverser
Fig.22 safety cover and motion stopper

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3.2 ASSEMBLE MANUFACTURED PARTS
Fig.23 Right side view of real parts Assemble handloom

28. CONT.....6/18/2015
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29. SPECIFICATION OF MODIFIED HANDLOOM
Specifications and Dimension
Weaving Width 23¾” 60cm
Loom width 27.5’’ 70cm
Depth 59’’ 150cm
Height 59’’ 150cm
Warp loaded 110cm in one roll
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Table. 1 Specification of handloom

30. BOM (BILL OF MATERIAL)
Item Description Quantity Single Price(Birr) Total Price (Birr)
Tubular 20/40 3 205 615
Tubular 15 1 230 230
Pipe (CHC)local pipe 11/2class B 1 630 630
Frimo
10/20 2 210 420
wood Morale Australia 1 120 120
Piato Metal 1 35 70
Nut 10 (6) 26 3 78
Gears Metal 3 350 1050
Lobar cost welding 1400 1400
Paint Antirust 1 120 120
chain Metal 2 400 800
Mobile card &
Transport
Communication 200 200
Electrode 2.5mm 46pcs 3 138
Testing material Thread pack 20 20 400
Total 6271
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Table .2. Bill of material

31. COST AND SELLING PRICE OF THE HANDLOOM
Price=Direct material cost + Direct expense +Direct
labour
Production price= 6,271birr
Selling price=production cost + profit + factory overhead
cost
Let profit = 5% 6271*0.05=313.55birr
Factory overhead cost= 10%
6271*0.1=627.1birr
Therefore Selling price= 6271 + 313.55 + 627.1
=7,211.65 birr
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32. RESULTS
The results of our study set in table form it have comparison currently use in bahir dar
small micro enterprise cluster with our modified handloom indicated as table.3
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Currently work handloom in bahir dar
weaver enterprise cluster
Modified handloom
Warp beam rolled (loading) capacity
46cm in one roll all capacity 30-35 roll
warp to be holed (13.8-16.1meter long)
Warp beam rolled(loading) capacity
1meter 10cm in one roll all capacity 40 roll
warp to be holed(44meter long)
Space taking to plant the handloom
1m50cm*1m50cm
Space used to plant the handloom
1m*1m50cm
Lower Weaver performance rating High performance rating
Unequal motion adjustment in some time Equal motion adjustment in the same time
Uncomfortable bench Comfortable & portable bench
Adjusting motion is highly fatigue Adjusting both motion in one & simple to
adjust
High load when batting Low load in batting
Table .3 comparison table

33. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The ordinary hand looms available in Bahir Dar small and
micro enterprise was assessed by interview and observation.
The assessment indicates that there is a load stress and
improper utilizing of width of the machines. As our
observation in Bahir Dar cluster of weaver small and micro
Enterprise from 1.50 metre width of machine, they are
producing 40-45cm width products like ‘’kuta’’ and home
decoration fabric. In this production method weaver
affected by workload. We manufactured modified ordinary
hand loom to reduce improper utilizing of width of
machine for specific product that they have already adapted
and the modified hand loom enables also enable reducing
ergonomics problem.
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34. Hard work is a key to success!
THANKS
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