The document discusses various types of textile testing instruments used to test quality at different stages of textile production. It introduces instruments like the GSM cutter, Martindale abrasion and pilling tester, air permeability tester, lea strength tester, Uster evenness tester, wrinkle recovery tester, crease recovery tester, yarn count tester, yarn twist tester, standards tumble dryer, lab conditioner, fabric thickness gauge, yarn strength tester, and tearing strength tester. It provides details on how each instrument works and the procedures to test quality parameters like weight, abrasion resistance, air permeability, strength, evenness, wrinkle recovery, thickness, and tearing strength.

1. The economy of Pakistan mainly depend on textile sector. There is a huge
competition in textile market. To stable in this market the quality of product must
be ensure. For this reason there is no alternative of quality test of product. Now a
days it become a major part of textile. There are various type of textile testing
instrument for testing such as spectrophotometer, color matching cabinet, pH
meter, light fastness tester etc. To taste by those equipment it is necessary to
know about those instrument and there testing method.
Introduction

2. 1. Checking Raw Materials
2. Monitoring Production
3. Assessing the Final Product
4. Investigation of Faulty Material
5. Product Development and Research
Reasons for Textile Testing

3. Total Textile Process at a Glance

4. Textile Testing Instrument

5. GSM_Cutter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBVJYB0armg
GSM means grams per square meter of a knit,
woven or non woven fabric. It is essential to
know the weight of the fabric before
manufacturing and after getting the finished
fabric. It needs to measure the weight of the
fabric to be sure about the finished weight of
the fabric. This test can be carried out in
different ways but it is very easy to know the
weight of the fabric by cutting the fabric with
the GSM cutter.
Procedure
Taking the sample of fabric from bulk and conditioning
for 4.30 to 06 hours
↓
Taking the conditioning fabric for test on the G.S.M.
cutter pad so that no crease or crinkle is formed.
↓
Cutting the fabric with G.S.M. cutter (GSM Cutter
Diameter 11.2 cm)
↓
Taking the weight of the cut fabric (Length & Width 11.2
cm) in balance and multiply with 100.
↓
Get the GSM of the fabric in oz/yard²

6. Martindale abrasion and pilling tester
Determine the end point by one of the
following methods as specified:
Failure—Abrade the specimen until a
hole appears.
Specified cycles—Abrade the
specimen to a specified number
of cycles. Stop the test if a hole
appears before the specified
number.
Mass Loss—Determine the mass loss
as the difference between the
masses before and after
abrasion. This loss may be
expressed as a mass or as a
percentage. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpNj_iO99xE
Abrasion resistance is measured by
subjecting the specimen to rubbing
motion in the form of a geometric
figure. Resistance to abrasion is
evaluated by various means, including
comparison to visual aids in the form
of photographs or actual samples.

7. Abrasion and Pilling tester
Sample Preparation
1. When cutting specimens, avoid wrinkles, folds
or creases.
2. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the
specimens when handling.
3. Using the smallest cutting die, cut six circular
specimens from the fabric to be tested
with each specimen being 1.5 inches (38mm) in
diameter. Take care not to apply too
much pressure on the cutting die as it will break
the razor blades.
4. Weigh one specimen to determine pre-test
mass.
5. Also use this measurement to determine
mass/unit area.
Preparation of Test Apparatus (see manual)
1. Make all tests in the standard atmosphere for testing.
2. Remove the specimen holders from the Martindale
tester
3. Note that all three parts of the specimen holders
(handle, face, and ring) are numbered1-6 and
correspond to numbers on top of the Martindale tester.
4. Assemble the holder by:
5. Place the assembled holders into the machine,
replacing silver caps and black knobs.
6. Add the required weight (9kpa for apparel, 12kPa for
upholstery) by resting the weights on the ends of the
handles. (kPa = 1 kilo Pascal = # pounds) Note that the
weights are also numbered 1-6.
7. Set the counter system to record the desired
movements using the third black button from the right.

8. Air permeability tester
The test method covers the measurement of the air permeability--the rate of air
flow passing perpendicularly through a known area under a prescribed air
pressure.
Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as
gas filter, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage,
and vaccum cleaners. It can also be used to provide an indication of the breathability
of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics.
How the Test Works:
A circle of fabric is clamped into the tester
and through the use of a vaccum, the air
pressure is made different on one side of
the fabric. Airflow will occur from the side
with higher air pressure, through the
fabric, to the side with the lower air
pressure. From this rate of air flow, the air
permability of the fabric is determined in
mm/sec.

9. Lea Strength Tester
A lea strength tester measures the strength of one lea yarn. One lea means 120
yards. Strength is a measure of the steady force necessary to break a material and is
measured in pound. The m/c works in constant rate of extension. Assuming the
specimen to be extensible and an absence of any dynamic effects.
Working procedure
At first one lea cotton yarn is measured by
wrap reel and in this way 20 samples are
taken for testing.
Now, the first sample is fixed with the
upper jaw and the lower jaw.
The m/c is started and observed the dial
until the sample is torn out.
When the sample is torn out the m/c is
stopped and the reading is taken.
By this way the others’ reading are taken.
Then all the samples are weighted and
counts are calculated.
C.S.P or C.L.S.P of the all samples are
calculated.
At last average and CV% are calculated

10. Uster Evenness Tester
The instrument or M/C by which unevenness (U%) , co-efficient of variation of
mass (CVm%), yarn hairiness, imperfection index (IPI) and thick, thin place, neps
etc of yarn.
The evenness of yarn is one of main indexes to measure the quality of yearns. The
unevenness of yarns will deteriorate the mightiness of yarns, and increase the end
breakage rate in the spinning, and the increase of the end breakage rate will directly
limit the speed of the machines and reduce the productivity. In addition, the
unevenness of yarns will seriously influence the appearance quality of textiles.
The quality parameter is determined by a capacitive sensor. In this case the yarn,
roving or sliver is passed through the electric field of a measuring capacitor. Mass
variation of the material causes the disturbance of the electric field which are
converted into electric signal. Which is proportional to the mas variation of the
material. The unevenness is recorded as a diagram.

11. Wrinkle Recovery Tester
A test specimen is wrinkled under standard atmospheric conditions in a standard
wrinkling device under a pre-determined load for a prescribed period of time. The
specimen is reconditioned in the standard atmosphere for textile testing and evaluated
for appearance by comparison with 3-dimensional reference standards.

12. Crease recovery tester

13. Yarn Count Tester

14. Yarn Twist Tester

15. Standards Tumble Dryer

16. Lab Conditioner

17. Fabric_Thickness_Gauge

18. Yarn_Strength_Tester

19. Tearing strength tester

20. Stiffness Tester