The document provides information for developing a garment concept from a design brief at an intermediate apparel production level. It discusses preparing workstations, influences on fashion design such as trends and events, design principles like elements and principles, interpreting specifications, and developing styles, stories, and concepts. Key points include identifying safety procedures, influences like colors and fabrics, balancing design elements, and creating specifications to communicate design requirements.

1. INTERMIDIATE APPAREL PRODUCTION
LEVEL TWO

2. Prepare Design Concept for Simple Garments
Learning out comes
LO 1. Prepare workstation
LO2. Identify influences on fashion design
LO3. Identify how fashion is influenced by design principles
LO4. Interpret design brief to develop garment concept
LO 5. Complete work
Unit of competence 1

3. Introduction
Drawing techniques
Drawing techniques is a delineation of form up on a
surface, usually a plane by means of lines and tints or
stranding. In drawing from any object or model, the first
step is to observe and sketch in the dominant structural
lines, contours and masses.
The most important thing for a designer is to get his
ideas on to paper as quickly as possible.
Sketching is therefore a very important skill to master.
There a few things which will help for sketching better,
which is to understand the mediums and techniques of
drawings.

4. CONT…
Sequence of operations of the garment design:-
• Customer Job Requirements
• Determine Garment Cost
• Measure Body Parts
• Draft Various Pattern
• Prepare Materials and Machines
• Perform Sewing –
• Perform Finishing Touches
• Check Quality of Finished Product

5. LO1. Prepare workstation
Set upping work bench and seating according to OHS
practices include:
o standard operating safety procedures
o personal protective equipment
o safe materials handling
o equipment or machine safety
o Personal responsibilities for safety
o ergonomic arrangement of workplaces

6. Standard operating safety procedures
Protection equipment including personal protective
equipment is for ears, eyes, face, body and extra mites.
- Protective clothing, respiratory devices
- Protective shields and barriers shall be provided.
Before doing work that requires the use of PPE, the
trainee must be trained.
-When PPE is necessary
-What type PPE is necessary
-How to properly put on adjusts and wears PPE
-The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of
the PPE

7. Personal safety protective equipment
Personal safety protection include
-Eye and face protection
-Hearing protection
-Respiratory protection
-Wearing apparel

8. Safe materials handling
-Keep the materials in well manner
- Use the material as enough as required.
Equipment/machine safety
-Every morning the trainees wipe and clean the
equipments.
-After work cover the equipments

9. Ergonomic arrangement of workplaces
Ergonomic:-is a science which is used for arrange the work place.
Ergonomics on the hand combine all of the issues to improve
workers efficiency and well being and maintain industrial
production through the design of improved work places.
OHS & Ergonomics applications
-to satisfy the needs of changing local people‘s attitudes.
- To changing local work methods
- To changing the traditional ways of doing things.
Then OHS & Ergonomic applications is a major source of work
place improvement

10. Selecting and preparing Drawing tools and equipment
Drawing tools or materials
The basic drawing materials which are necessary to prepare drawing are:-
1. Drawing paper
2. Drawing pencil
3. Drafting or masking tape
4. Eraser
5. Radiograp
1. Drawing paper:- is the material which is used for drawing such as training
paper, profile paper, , cross- section paper and white plain paper.
2. Drawing pencils:- is the drawing material which are two types such as wooden
and mechanical.
3. The wooden pencil grades are 7B, 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B. HB etc.
4. The mechanical pencil diameters are 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9mn.
5. Eraser- used to clean the drawing.

11. Drawing equipment & tools &their uses
Drawing Table:- is the drawing instrument which used to put the
paper.
Dusting Brush:- is useful for removing eraser crumbs without
smearing the drawing.
Pencil Sharpeners:- used to sharpened the pencil.
Set Squares:- Are used to draw accurate vertical and inclined lines
without the help of the T. square.
French Curve:- are used to draw curves other than circles and
circular area.
Protractor:- are used for measuring and laying off angles other than
those that may be drawn with the triangle or combinations of triangles.
Compass:- used to draw circles and arcs.
Divider:- the distance are sub divided and measurements are
transferred with dividers..

12. LO2. Identify influences on fashion design
Concept of fashion
Fashion is fore ever, but, trend will be new it is the inner
feeling of every human being to present him or her according to
once own thinking.
Fashion & life style go hand in hand. They are communicated
by what we see and for that colour play the major part.
Fashion comes from Latin word faker which means to make.
It carries the idea of crafts man ship and obedience to the law
of technique.
Fashion is a style that take place on a body or face or an
appearance that varies from person to person ; day to day, time to
time
Fashion is natural Instinet in people.

13. Influences on fashion Design
1. Fashion Trend
Fashion trend to show a general tendency in the way a
situation is changing or developing
Example: -
skirt hem lengths
sleeve shapes
trousers widths
lycra(trademark a material that stretches, used especially
for making tight-fitting sports clothes)
hipsters

14. CONT…
2. Significant Event
Fashion is reflection of our life style there are certain factor in our lives which influences it.
The broad influences that motivate people to purchase fashionable items are
Economics
Social activities
Cultural activities
Technology
Political activities
Significant Event is something that happens, especially something important, interesting, or
unusual
Example:
Wars
Pillar and move
Hippy era
Technological developments, e.g. plastics

15. 3. Fashion Cycle
Identifying fashion cycle
The term fashion cycle is termed as a process involving from the
beginning to the final.
The introduction, Rise, Culmination, Decline, and Obsolescence of
a given style over a period of time.
– Introduction: the beginning of a new style, trend
– Rise: gain in popularity and familiarity
– Culmination: the highest point or peak of the trend
– Decline: the end of a style or trend

16. CONT….

17. Element of fashion
People
Acceptance
Time and place
Fashion classification
Fashion is classified in to many types such as
Style
Basic classic
Fashion trend
Fad
Fashion fore casting

18. Style-is always constant. It does not change whereas fashion changes.
It is the modification of fashion. Style is the basic outline of garment.
Basic/ classic- is constant or long lasting. It is similar to a standard
music.
Fashion trend The garment which is liked by many people. Is not
costly.
Fad - can be defined as short lived fashion. It stays for a very short
period, because they are very expensive and every one cannot afford to
buy it.
Fashion fore casting:- This is the important pace of fashion scenario
because when any new garment is designed by the designer and worn
it will not create fashion by itself .
Fashion fore casting is done through many communicating media, such
as ,cinema, fashion shows, press ,magazines, news papers and window
display.

19. LO3. Identify how fashion is influenced by design principles
Design Principle
When designing, there are several ideas or aspects of design that need to be
kept in mind.
These aspects of design can be categorized into two areas:
1. Principles, and
2. Elements of Design
The directions (principles) are flexible and should be interpreted within a
current fashion or problem the designer is trying to solve. For example, the
directions (principles) would apply differently for a design of a costume than
for a design of a current fashion garment.
The ingredients (elements) are combined to change the taste of the garment.
A dress is more eye-catching in a bright colour than a dull, even though the
design is the same.

20. Elements of Design
There are some basic elements of design that affect or may limit a designer in any field.
Colour and pattern These are the most dominant features in a fashion trend. Each
season a colour theme emerges, occasionally spontaneously, sometimes influenced by top
designers.
Types of colour
The three primary colors Red, Yellow and Blue.
The three secondary colors Green, Orange and Violet
Compound colors(Tertiary): colors containing a mixture of the three primaries. E.g.
brown, khakis and earth colors
The colour of a garment is often what first attracts us to a piece of clothing.
Understanding colour and how colours work together is an important part of wardrobe
planning.
All colours come from mixing the primary colours, red, blue and yellow, in different
combinations. Secondary colours, orange, green and purple, are produced by mixing equal
parts of primary colours - equal amounts of red and yellow make orange, blue and yellow
mixed together create green, and red and blue result in violet or purple. Intermediate
colours are obtained by mixing primary and secondary colours. Tertiary colours are formed
by mixing a primary and a secondary colour and result in two word names such as yellow-
orange and blue-green.

22. CONT….
Fabric quality New technologies have also expanded the range of
fabrics available to a designer. The aesthetic qualities of a fabric are
often the inspiration that initiates a design. However, in creating a
new shape a designer has to consider five crucial fabric qualities
which could realize it or destroy it. These are: weight, thickness,
shear, drape and stretch. Whilst large companies have testing
procedures that can determine technical measures, the designer
often has
to make instant judgements and therefore has to be able to estimate
the qualities of a fabric and idealize the final effect.

23. CONT….
Shape Whilst recognizing the crucial role that fabric choice
plays in the realization of design, its success rests with the quality
of the pattern cutting. The domination of stretch fabrics in the
mass market has meant an expansion of simple flat pattern cutting
techniques which rely on the stretch to create the body shape. But
stretch fabrics can be married with ‘form’ cutting to give quite
different effects. Bias cutting adds to the drape quality of fabrics,
and the use of layers can affect the weight and thickness of the
design. Form cutting of close fitting garments in fabrics without
shear or drape, such as stiff silks, requires great skill.
Clothing shapes that are most flattering to a person emphasize
his or her good features and hide the less attractive ones.

24. CONT….
Using Shape in Clothing
Fig 1.To look larger wide, full shapes
Fig2.To look smaller trim, compact silhouettes

25. CONT….
Fig3. Look taller: straight tubular shapes

26. Line
The interpretation of line and cut is the most
complex part of a designer’s work. Once a fashion
shape becomes established, the variations in cut
to achieve it are infinite. The designer must use
his or her skill to produce a range that will
translate the latest fashion across a range of
sizes.Eyes follow lines up, down, side to side or
around

27. CONT…..
Line Types
1. Vertical Lines
o Tall, thin
o Dignity
o Power/Strength
o Formality & Sophistication
o Gives the impression of being taller/thinner.
o Gives a feeling of dignity, strength, poise and sophistication.
o Blue vertical lines are seen in this men’s shirt.

28. CONT….
2. Horizontal Lines
Width
Shortens
Horizontal - from side to side, like the horizon
Gives the impression of being shorter and heavier.
Gives a relaxed and calm feeling, suggests rest and
gentleness

29. CONT…..
3. Curved Lines
• Soft
• Gentle
• Youthful
• Graceful and flowing

30. CONT…..
4. Diagonal lines 5. Jagged/zigzag
• Action Confusion
Quick movement

31. Principles of Design
Principles of Design
1. Balance
2. Proportion & Scale
3. Emphasis
4. Rhythm
5. Harmony
1. Balance
♨ The parts of a design are arranged so they achieve a feeling of rest and
equilibrium
♨ Refers to how lines, shapes, colors, textures, and patterns are used to
break up an area or space into parts.
♨ You can manipulate the elements of design to increase or decrease
apparent visual weight.

32. CONT….
Two types of balance
Within balance there are two main methods to create equilibrium
Symmetrical Balance
Asymmetrical Balance
Symmetrical Balance
Both sides are EXACTLY the same, a mirror image of each other.
This type of balance gives a very solid and professional look.
Symmetrical balance is referred to as formal balance.
Asymmetrical Balance
The design is balanced, but each side is different in some way.
This type of balance tends to draw attention to a particular area.
Asymmetrical is referred to as informal balance.

33. CONT….
2. Proportion
Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or
number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure,
proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.
3. Emphasis
Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the
artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area
could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc. Movement is the path the
viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement
can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.
Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.
4. Rhythm
Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to
create a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or
dancing. To keep rhythm exciting and active, variety is essential.
5. Unity
Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which
creates a sense of completeness.

34. CONT…..
Repetition
Repetition works with pattern to make the work of art
seem active. The repetition of elements of design creates
unity within the work of art.
Variety
Varity is the use of several elements of design to hold the
viewer’s attention and
to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of
art.

35. LO4. Interpret design brief to develop garment concept
When to make a garment for specific costumer need to know
Garment Style
Specification
Storyboard
Garment Style
Garment Style categorised in four basic style those are
Skirts
Trousers/pants
Shirts/blouses
Dresses

36. CONT…..
Specification sheet
Specification sheet is a record of the finishing requirements for each
design. It is used by those responsible for finishing ensuring that the
garment meets customer standards. Study the chart and compare the
information to the design it represents.
Specification sheets provide important details to ensure the correct
execution of garment patterns into finished garments. They help to
produce accurate samples, which improves turnaround time and
simplifies communication during all stages of manufacturing and
quality control. Specification sheets include detailed technical
diagrams, construction notes, finished garment measurements, fabric
yields and material and trim details. They can be tailored in terms of
the format and information provided to suit the company’s needs

37. CONT….
Steps in implementation
1. Develop a specification sheet. A specification sheet package may
include complex technical sketches, pattern and/or garment measurements,
methods of measurements charts, embroidery/screen and label placements.
A specification sheet will be developed based on the design of the products
and the requirements of the clients or producer itself on the quality,
standards, key or all materials and so on.
2. At the top of the specification sheets is the information about the
products such as company name and logo, product name and description,
style code, and a sample design/picture of the product design.
3. The specification sheet must have specific information about the
product including key dimensions such as length, neck round, waist,
shoulder as well as other dimensions of the products in different standard
sizes such as small, medium, large, or extra large.
4. Information on types and quantity of some important details such as
buttons or types of fabric.

38. CONT….
5. Samples of sub-materials/fabrics and accessories such as buttons and
zips should be added to the specification sheet for better reference.
6. A specification sheet can also include guidelines and key production
steps such as cutting, sewing, or ironing the garments. It may also
include guidelines for important details such as buttons, edges, or
threads.
7. It may also include guidelines on what measures to take in case of
mistakes or errors.
8. Specification sheets should be posted on a bulletin board so that all
workers who might need them can access the most up-to-date
information. This bulletin board should be placed in a public place that
is easily accessible by all workers, such as at the beginning of the
production line.
9. Copies of specification sheets can also be put into a clear box or
plastic folders attached to the bulletin board so that workers can see
them and take copies out easily.

39. CONT….
10. Another copy of the specification sheets should be posted at the
quality control station in well lit conditions so that the QC staff can
easily check each product against the specifications.
11. Make sure that all the workers and QC staff understand the
specification sheets in the same way by conducting a short internal
training or instruction session on understanding and using the
specification sheets.
12. Store all specification sheets in excel spreadsheet or word format
so that they can be easily tracked and shared. This is also a good
format for communicating the information in the specification sheets
with the technical team prior to production.

40. Sample Specification Sheet

41. Cont.….
Storyboard
May include:
Trade sketches of new garment designs
Fabric swatches
Specifications

42. LO 5. Complete work
♨ Sketches are inspected against quality standards.
Trainees will be sketches four basic garment styles
as the following example
 Skirts
 Trousers/pants
 Shirts/blouses
 Dresses
♨ Any changes or adjustments are carried out as
required.
♨ Documentation relating to storyboard is
completed