This document provides an overview of various mobile technologies including GSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G, WLL, Wi-Fi, SMS, and MMS. It explains that mobile technology allows communication through portable devices and networks. Key mobile standards are described such as GSM for digital cellular calls, CDMA using wide frequency bands, 3G for high-speed internet access on phones, and 4G providing faster data speeds up to 150 Mbps for downloading and 50 Mbps for uploading. Wireless technologies like WLL, Wi-Fi, SMS, and MMS that enable mobile connectivity are also summarized.

1. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CLASS X (Code 165)
TOPIC:
UNIT 1: Mobile Technologies
By
HIMANSHU PATHAK

2. Contents
• Introduction
• GSM
• CDMA
• 3G
• 4G
• WLL
• Wi-Fi
• SMS
• MMS

3. Introduction
• Mobile technology is a technology that goes
where the user goes.
• Mobile technology is a technology where the
user uses mobile phone to do the operations
related to communication system.
• for example - to establish communication with
friends, relatives and others.
• It uses to transmit the data from one system to
others.

4. Cont…
• Mobile technology is a technology which is used
primarily in cellular communication system.
• Mobile Technology consists of portable two-way
communications systems, computing devices,
and the related networking equipment.
• The communications networks that connect
these devices are loosely termed wireless
technologies.
• They enable mobile devices to share voice, data
and applications (mobile apps).

5. GSM
• GSM stands for Global System for Mobile
Communications.
• It is a digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services.
• GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it
down a channel with two other streams of user
data, each in its own time slot.
• It operates at either the 900 megahertz (MHz) or
1,800 MHz frequency band.

6. CDMA
• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is an
alternative cell phone technology to GSM.
• CDMA uses a “broad -spectrum” electromagnetic
waves for signaling with wider bandwidth.
• This allows multiple people on multiple cell phones
to be “communicated” over the same channel to
share a bandwidth of frequencies.
• In CDMA technology, data and voice packets are
separated using codes and then transmitted using a
wide frequency range.
• CDMA is being used for 3G high-speed internet
access on mobile.

7. 3G
• 3G - “G” for generation - is the third generation of
wireless technologies.
• It comes with enhancements over earlier wireless
technologies, such as high-speed transmission,
advanced multimedia access, and global roaming.
• 3G is mostly used with mobile phones and handsets
as a means to connect the phone to the internet or
other IP networks in order to make voice and video
calls, to download and upload data, and to surf the
Web.

8. Cont…
• 3 G data technology uses a network of telephone
towers to transmit the signals, ensuring a stable
and relatively fast long distance link.
• Tower closest to the mobile phone of the user is
transferring data into it.
• 3 G networks can upload speeds up to 3 Mbps
(about 15 seconds for uploading a 3-minute MP3
song).
• The technology is also backward compatible with
older technologies.

9. 4G
• 4G – “G” for generation — is the fourth
generation of mobile networking technology.
• 2G technology introduced in the 1990's allowed
digital telephone calls to be made and texts sent.
Then 3G arrived in 2003, allowing you to search
web sites, make phone calls, and stream music
and video on the move.
• 4G technology builds on what 3G does but does
it all at a much quicker pace.

10. Cont…
• 4G is reported to be 10x faster than 3G.
• It uses packet switching technology, which
organizes data into parts or packets for
transmission and reassembles the information at
the destination.
• 4G provides download speeds of about 14 Mbps
and upload speeds are around 8 Mbps that can
reach speeds as high as 150 Mbps and 50 Mbps
respectively.

11. WLL – Wireless Local Loop
• In traditional telephone networks, phone was
connected to the nearest exchange through a pair of
copper wires.
• Wireless Local Loop (WLL) technology simply means
that the subscriber is connected to the nearest
telephone exchange through a radio link instead of
copper wires.
• WLL is basically the use of radio wave to provide a
telephone connection to the home.
• In general, WLL is cheaper and quicker than copper
wire connectivity.

12. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
• Wi-Fi is the wireless technology used to connect
computers, tablets, smart phones and other devices
to the internet.
• Wi-Fi is the radio signal sent from a wireless router
to a nearby device, which translates the signal into
data you can see and use.
• Radio waves that connect devices to the internet
through localized routers called hotspots.
• Most mobile devices allow for automatic switching
between Wi-Fi and cellular networks depending
upon availability and user preference.

13. SMS
• "SMS" means Short Messaging Service.
• It is now a days the oldest and most commonly
used text messaging service.
• Fortunately, text messages sent via SMS do not
require the receiver's telephone to be on for
efficient transmission of the message.
• SMS is used for sending text messages to cell
phones. Usually the messages can be up to 160
characters in length.

14. MMS
• Multimedia Message Service (MMS) is a method
of transmitting graphics, short video and audio
files from mobile phone networks.
• MMS support is usually built into the text
message interface and automatically turns on
when required.
• Today, these have been replaced by apps like
Facebook and WhatsApp.

15. Today we learn
• Basics of Mobile Technology
• Various types of mobile technology.
• In the next class, we will start Unit II –
Introduction to HTML in detail.
•Thanks