This presentation will describes about the basics of Intellectual Property Rights and their types.

1. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CLASS X (Code 165)
TOPIC:
UNIT 3: Cyber Ethics : Intellectual
Property rights and their types
By
HIMANSHU PATHAK

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Intellectual Property
• Intellectual Property Rights
– Patent
– Copyrights
– Trademark
– Trade secrets

3. Introduction
• Cyberspace can be defined as an environment
that involves interactions between people,
software, and services.
• It is maintained by the worldwide distribution of
information and communication technology
devices and networks.
• The cyber law is the law which is used for
stopping computer crime and abuse.

4. Intellectual Property
• Intellectual Property refers to original works
such as an idea, design, invention etc. created for
the first time by an intellectual or company.
• In other words, Intellectual property (IP) is a
category of property that includes intangible
creations of the human intellect.
• Intellectual property can consist of many types of
assets, including trademarks, patents, and
copyrights.

5. Intellectual Property Rights
• If a person creates something by himself he posses
the right on it, this right is called Intellectual
property rights (IPR).
• In other words, IPR are exclusive rights to an
intellectual or company to use its ideas, design,
invention etc. without the worry of competition for
a specific period.
• It includes inventions, literary and artistic works;
designs; and symbols, names and images used in
commerce.
• The most well-known types are copyrights, patents,
trademarks, and trade secrets.

6. Patent
• Patent is an intellectual property right for a fixed
time-period, which gives an inventor the exclusive
right to exclude others from making, using, or
selling his/her invention.
• In simple words, A patent is an exclusive right
granted for an invention.
• It is used for protecting new inventions, ideas, or
processes.
• Patent holders need to pay periodic government
renewal fees.
• You need to register it in each country where you
require protection and it is valid for 20 years.

7. Copyright
• Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of
intellectual property. In simpler terms, copyright is the
right to copy.
• It automatically comes into force when it is created and
lasts for 60 years after the death of the author.
• Works covered by copyright range from books, music,
paintings, sculpture, and films, to computer programs,
databases, advertisements, maps, and technical drawings.
• Copyright protection extends only to expressions, and not
to ideas, procedures, methods of operation, or
mathematical concepts as such.
• Copyright laws make it easier for authors to make money
by selling their works. With copyright, a work can only be
copied if the owner gives permission.

8. Trademarks
• A trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the
goods or services of one enterprise from those of
other enterprises.
• A trademark can be any word, phrase, symbol,
design, or a combination of these things that
identifies your goods or services.
• It is something that protects the symbols, colors,
phrases, sounds, design etc.
• It needs to be registered.
• The term of trademark registration can vary but is
usually ten years.

9. Trade Secrets
• Trade Secrets is an intellectual property right, which
consists of a secret technique used by a company in
manufacturing its products to gain advantage over
competitors.
• It may be strategies, systems, formulas, or other
confidential information of an organization that provides
them a competitive advantage in the market.
• A trade secret owner, however, cannot stop others from
using the same technical or commercial information, if
they acquired or developed such information
independently by themselves through their own R&D,
reverse engineering or marketing analysis, etc.

10. TM Vs. R
• The main difference between the two is given
below.
• ™ refers to the unregistered trademark to
promote or brand goods.
• R – within a circle refers to the registered
trademark. It is used by the owner of a
trademark that has been registered.

11. Summary
• Intellectual property rights and their types.
• In the next class, we will start Unit III – Cyber
Ethics: Digital Property Rights in detail.
•Thanks