The document discusses millimeter wave mobile communications as a key technology for 5G cellular networks, emphasizing its advantages such as higher data rates, improved security, and increased bandwidth availability. It outlines the evolution of wireless technology from 1G to 5G, including the specific benefits of using millimeter wave frequencies, and touches on the technology's challenges and future research directions. Benefits include longer battery life and lower infrastructure costs, while drawbacks involve manufacturing costs and signal attenuation.

1. MILLIMETER WAVE MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS FOR 5G CELLULAR

2. CONTENTS:-
 Introduction.
 Wireless evolution.
 Advantages of using 5G.
 Why millimeter wave should be used ?
 History
 Antennas
 Bandwidth ,Beam width interference resistance, security.
 Propagation behavior.
 Advantages, disadvantages.
 Conclusion .

3. INTRODUCTION
 Global bandwidth shortage.
 Wireless service providers (W.S.P) are facing many challenges.
 Carrier frequency spectrum is between 700Mhz to 2.6Ghz.
 WSP requires simultaneous management of multiple
technologies.

4.  The base station should be backward compatible.

5.  M B N need to support higher data rate requirement.
 Efficient radio access technology combined with more spectrum
availability is required.

6. SOLUTION
 Larger bandwidth and higher data rates.
 highly required for 5G wireless networks .

7. WIRELESS EVOLUTION
The generation Access protocols Key features Level of evolution
1G FDMA Analog, primarily voice, less
secure, support for low bit rate
data
Access to and roaming across
single type of analog wireless
networks
2G&2.5G TDMA,CDMA Digital, more secure, voice
and data
Access to and roaming across
single type of digital wireless
networks and access to 1G
3G&3.5G CDMA 2000,W-CDMA,
HSDPA,TD-SCDMA
Digital, multimedia, global
roaming across a single type
of wireless network(for
example, cellular), limited IP
interoperability,
2Mbps to several Mbps
Access to and roaming across
digital multimedia wireless
networks and access to 2G
and 1G
4G OFDM Global roaming across
multiple wireless networks,
10Mbps-100Mbps, IP
interoperability for seamless
mobile internet
Access to and roaming across
diverse and heterogeneous
mobile and wireless
Broadband networks and
access to 3G,2G and 1G

9. FIFTH GENERATION (5G) WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 Greater frequency allocation at millimeter wave.
 Highly directional beam forming antennas.
 All IP networks
 Finest Quality Of Service(QOS)

10. ADVANTAGES OF USING 5G
 Longer battery life.
 Lower infrastructure cost.
 Higher data rates .
 More efficient.
 High reliability.
 High security.

11.  The back bone networks for 5G will move from copper cables to
optical fiber cable to millimeter wave wireless communication.
TO

12. MILLIMETER(MM) WAVE TECHNOLOGY
What is MM wave?
 Next generation wireless technology that can provide
up to multi - Gbps wireless connectivity
 Data rate is expected to be 40-100 times faster than
today’s wireless LAN technologies.

13.  Frequency range is from 25GHz to 300GHz.
Wavelength is between 10mm to 1mm.
 So, What are the advantages of using this ?
 The radio spectrum is still rather undeveloped .
 More bandwidth is available.
 Hence higher data rates is achieved.
 Security and privacy is better at mm-wave.

14. HISTORY OF MM WAVE
 Mm-wave was first demonstrated by Sir J.C.Bose in the year
1897.
J.C. Bose Demonstrating Millimeter Wave in 1897

15.  1960Radio astronomy.
 1970Military applications.
 1980mm wave IC for commercial applications.
 1990Consumer-oriented use of mm wave above 40 GHz.
 2003 FCC authorized 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz for licensed point
to point communication.

16. BANDWIDTH
 Augment the currently saturated radio spectrum of
700Mhz. To 2.6Ghz.
 Mm-wave carrier frequency allow for larger bandwidth.
 Expand channel band width way beyond 20Mhz.

17. BEAM WIDTH INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE AND
SECURITY
 Narrow beam width (approx. 2 degree beam width).
 Reduces the interference.
 Spectrum reuse can be done.
 Cross-polarization techniques
 Waves are highly directional.
 This offers high security.
 By using cryptographic algorithms the network can be further
secured

18. ANTENNA ARRAY
 Narrow beam are the new feature of mm-wave
 They reduces fading, multi-path, and interference
 Antenna geometry is at chip size

19.  The physical size of antennas are so small .
 This becomes practical to build complex antenna arrays.
 Further integrate them on chip or PCB.

20.  Due to advances in VLSI technology.
 It is possible to generate circuits which operate at mm wave
frequencies
 This enables to create several array smart antenna which is adaptable
in nature .

21. PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR
 Based on the principle of line of sight (LOS)paths
 It is required to use reflective paths by many object.

22.  Reflections can establish non-LOS links
 Path loss exponent:
 2 for LOS
 4 for non LOS
Picture showing mm-wave propagation

23.  To incorporate directional beam forming
 RX and TX communicate via Main lobes.
 Steering antenna is required.
 Smart antenna is required

24. ADVANTAGES
 Larger bandwidth
 Higher transmission rate
 Capability of spread spectrum and is more immune to interference.
 Extremely high frequencies allow multiple short-distance .
 Requires the narrow beam width.
 Reduces hardware size.
 Higher the frequency - smaller the antenna.

25. DISADVANTAGES
 Higher costs in manufacturing .
 Extremely high frequencies- significant attenuation.
 Millimeter waves - long distance applications.
 The penetration power of mm wave -concrete walls is known less.
 Interferences with oxygen & rain also.

26. CONCLUSION
 Millimeter wave - 5G cellular communication.
 Bandwidth and higher data rates .
 Further research is going on to remove the limitations.
 Reliability and efficiency in using these spectrum.

27. THE FUTURE

28. REFERENCES
[1] T. S. Rappaport, Shu Sun, Rimma Mayzus et al ``Millimeter wave mobile
communications for 5G cellular: it will work!,'' Proc. IEEE, vol. 1, 2013, no. 10, pp.
335_349, may. 2013.
[2] T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, ``State of the art in 60 GHz
integrated circuits & systems for wireless communications,'' Proc.int IEEE, vol. 99,
no. 8, pp. 1390_1436, Aug. 2011.
[3] M. Cudak, A. Ghosh, T. Kovarik, R. Ratasuk, T. Thomas, F. Vook, and P. Moorut,
``Moving towards mmwave-based beyond-4G (B-4G) Technology,'' in Proc. IEEE
Veh. Technol. Soc. Conf., 2013, pp. 1_17.
[4] Y. Chen, S. De, R. Kernchen, and K. Moessner, ``Device discovery in future service
platforms through SIP,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., Sep. 2012, pp. 1_5.
URL’s:
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[8] http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_Sun_MobileIP.htm
[9] http://www.athenawave.com/products/about-millimeter-wave
[10] http://www.profheath.org/hot-topics/millimeter-wave-cellular-systems
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