To meet the demands of high speed required by mobile communication of past generations ,one solution is to increase the number of antennas to the show and the reception of the wireless link this is called MIMO (Multiple input ,Multiple output )technology .however ,the integration of multiple antennas on the same PCB is delicate because of the small volume that require some applications and electromagnetic antenna between the coupling ,phenomena that we cannot neglect them .indeed a strong isolation between them has been reached to reduce fading of the signal caused by the electromagnetic antenna reached to reduce fading of the signal caused by the electromagnetic coupling and maximize the overall gain .in this article we are interested then integration on the same printed circuit of eight antennas MIMO are not operation in the same frequency band .the first antenna of this last work at 2.4GHz .other antennas have resonance frequency folling each with 20MHz offset this device is characterized by its original form that keeps is highly isolated antennas from the point of view electromagnetic coupling
Receive Antenna Diversity and Subset Selection in MIMO Communication SystemsIDES Editor
The performance of Multiple-input Multiple-output
(MIMO) systems can be improved by employing a larger
number of antennas than actually used or selected subset of
antennas. Most of the existing antenna selection algorithms
assume perfect channel knowledge and optimize criteria such
as Shannon’s capacity on bit error rates. The proposed work
examines Antenna diversity and optimal/ sub optimal receive
strategy in antenna selection. The numerical results for BER,
Information capacity with SNR are obtained using mat lab
To keep up with rising demand and new technologies, the wireless industry is researching a wide array of solutions for 5G, the next generation of wireless networking. Technologies based on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), including Massive MIMO, are among key concepts. As a leading provider of wireless simulation tools, Remcom is developing an innovative and efficient MIMO simulation capability.
Receive Antenna Diversity and Subset Selection in MIMO Communication SystemsIDES Editor
The performance of Multiple-input Multiple-output
(MIMO) systems can be improved by employing a larger
number of antennas than actually used or selected subset of
antennas. Most of the existing antenna selection algorithms
assume perfect channel knowledge and optimize criteria such
as Shannon’s capacity on bit error rates. The proposed work
examines Antenna diversity and optimal/ sub optimal receive
strategy in antenna selection. The numerical results for BER,
Information capacity with SNR are obtained using mat lab
To keep up with rising demand and new technologies, the wireless industry is researching a wide array of solutions for 5G, the next generation of wireless networking. Technologies based on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), including Massive MIMO, are among key concepts. As a leading provider of wireless simulation tools, Remcom is developing an innovative and efficient MIMO simulation capability.
STUDY OF ARRAY BI-CONICAL ANTENNA FOR DME APPLICATIONSijwmn
This paper introduces a new configuration of array bi-conical antenna to enhance the gain of an antenna for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) avionic system. Due to its large size, the antenna can be placed in terrestrials DME stations. The antenna consists of the bi-conical elements placed in a linear configuration. The simulated maximum gain is 10.2dB, the antenna operates in the DME band (960 – 1215 MHz). Al the simulations are performed with CADFEKO a Method of Moments based Solver.
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFIDTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.
A Novel Low Cost Fractal Antenna Structure for ISM and WiMAX ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Different fractal structures have been widely used in many antennas designs for various applications. A fractal antenna is used for miniaturization and multiband operation. This paper presents a design of a dual-band fractal antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a volume of 70x60x1.6mm3, resonates at 2.42-2.62GHz and 3.40-3.65GHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The design and simulation process is carried out by using CST-MW studio electromagnetic solver. Simulation results show that the resulting antenna exhibits an interesting dual frequency resonant behavior making it suitable for dual band communication systems including the ISM and WiMAX applications. Concerning the fabrication and measurement of the final prototype of this antenna, a good agreement is found between simulation and measurement results for both frequency bands.
Performance Analysis of Fog Effect on Free Space Optical Communication Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO Downlink System with Imperfect Channel S...IJRES Journal
We investigate the ergodic sum rate and required transmit power of a single-cell massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system. The system considered in this paper is based on two
linear beamforming schemes, that is, maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming and zero-forcing (ZF)
beamforming. What’s more, we use minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation to get imperfect
channel state information (CSI). Compared with the perfect CSI case, both theoretical analysis and simulation
results show that the system performance is different when the imperfect CSI is taken into account.
Although unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were mostly studied and used for military purposes before, they
have become very popular recently for both civil uses, such as law enforcement and crop survey, and for
potential commercial uses such as grocery delivery and Internet extension. Researchers investigating new
networking protocols for UAV networks usually need the help of simulations to test their protocol designs,
particularly when networks of large scales are desired in their tests. One choice that researchers need to
make in the simulation of UAV networks is the radio propagation model for the air links. In this paper we
compare the three radio propagation models that are available in the ns2 network simulation package and
investigate if the choice of one particular model would have a significant impact on the simulation results
for UAV networks.
08 13sept 8080 10000-1-ed a new (edit ari)IAESIJEECS
This paper presents a study of a new dual-band monopole antenna fed by a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) line suitable for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications especially designed for RFID readers and covering free ISM bands of 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. The proposed antenna benefits from the advantages of the CPW line to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level, by consequent making it easier for integration with microwave integrated circuits. The simulation of the antenna was carried out using ADS from Agilent technologies and CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solvers. A good impedance bandwidth of 500MHz is achieved in measurement (from 2.1GHz to 2.6GHz for the lower band), while the upper band covers 800MHz (from 5.2GHz to 6GHz). Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
An ultra wideband antenna for Ku band applicationsIJECEIAES
This paper presents a candidate ultra wideband antenna for Ku-band wireless communi- cations applications, analyzed and optimized by the finite element method (FEM). This three-dimensional modeling was realized and compared with published antennas for val- idate the performances of the proposed antenna. Its design is based on the insertion o fseveral symmetrical slots of different sizes on the ground plane of a mono-layer patch antenna to overcome the main limitation of the narrow bandwidth of patch antennas. The proposed antenna, made on an FR-4 epoxy mono-layer substrate with a defected ground plane (dielectric constant εr = 4,4, loss tangent tan δ = 0,02 and thickness hs = 1.6 mm). The simulated numerical results obtained are very satisfying; Bandwidth = 10.48 GHz from f1 = 9.34 GHz to f2 = 19.82 GHz, S11 = -34.17 dB, Voltage Stationary Wave Ratio VSWR = 1.04 , Gain = 6.27 dB.
STUDY OF ARRAY BI-CONICAL ANTENNA FOR DME APPLICATIONSijwmn
This paper introduces a new configuration of array bi-conical antenna to enhance the gain of an antenna for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) avionic system. Due to its large size, the antenna can be placed in terrestrials DME stations. The antenna consists of the bi-conical elements placed in a linear configuration. The simulated maximum gain is 10.2dB, the antenna operates in the DME band (960 – 1215 MHz). Al the simulations are performed with CADFEKO a Method of Moments based Solver.
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFIDTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.
A Novel Low Cost Fractal Antenna Structure for ISM and WiMAX ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Different fractal structures have been widely used in many antennas designs for various applications. A fractal antenna is used for miniaturization and multiband operation. This paper presents a design of a dual-band fractal antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a volume of 70x60x1.6mm3, resonates at 2.42-2.62GHz and 3.40-3.65GHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The design and simulation process is carried out by using CST-MW studio electromagnetic solver. Simulation results show that the resulting antenna exhibits an interesting dual frequency resonant behavior making it suitable for dual band communication systems including the ISM and WiMAX applications. Concerning the fabrication and measurement of the final prototype of this antenna, a good agreement is found between simulation and measurement results for both frequency bands.
Performance Analysis of Fog Effect on Free Space Optical Communication Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO Downlink System with Imperfect Channel S...IJRES Journal
We investigate the ergodic sum rate and required transmit power of a single-cell massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system. The system considered in this paper is based on two
linear beamforming schemes, that is, maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming and zero-forcing (ZF)
beamforming. What’s more, we use minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation to get imperfect
channel state information (CSI). Compared with the perfect CSI case, both theoretical analysis and simulation
results show that the system performance is different when the imperfect CSI is taken into account.
Although unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were mostly studied and used for military purposes before, they
have become very popular recently for both civil uses, such as law enforcement and crop survey, and for
potential commercial uses such as grocery delivery and Internet extension. Researchers investigating new
networking protocols for UAV networks usually need the help of simulations to test their protocol designs,
particularly when networks of large scales are desired in their tests. One choice that researchers need to
make in the simulation of UAV networks is the radio propagation model for the air links. In this paper we
compare the three radio propagation models that are available in the ns2 network simulation package and
investigate if the choice of one particular model would have a significant impact on the simulation results
for UAV networks.
08 13sept 8080 10000-1-ed a new (edit ari)IAESIJEECS
This paper presents a study of a new dual-band monopole antenna fed by a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) line suitable for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications especially designed for RFID readers and covering free ISM bands of 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. The proposed antenna benefits from the advantages of the CPW line to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level, by consequent making it easier for integration with microwave integrated circuits. The simulation of the antenna was carried out using ADS from Agilent technologies and CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solvers. A good impedance bandwidth of 500MHz is achieved in measurement (from 2.1GHz to 2.6GHz for the lower band), while the upper band covers 800MHz (from 5.2GHz to 6GHz). Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
An ultra wideband antenna for Ku band applicationsIJECEIAES
This paper presents a candidate ultra wideband antenna for Ku-band wireless communi- cations applications, analyzed and optimized by the finite element method (FEM). This three-dimensional modeling was realized and compared with published antennas for val- idate the performances of the proposed antenna. Its design is based on the insertion o fseveral symmetrical slots of different sizes on the ground plane of a mono-layer patch antenna to overcome the main limitation of the narrow bandwidth of patch antennas. The proposed antenna, made on an FR-4 epoxy mono-layer substrate with a defected ground plane (dielectric constant εr = 4,4, loss tangent tan δ = 0,02 and thickness hs = 1.6 mm). The simulated numerical results obtained are very satisfying; Bandwidth = 10.48 GHz from f1 = 9.34 GHz to f2 = 19.82 GHz, S11 = -34.17 dB, Voltage Stationary Wave Ratio VSWR = 1.04 , Gain = 6.27 dB.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application (CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments (MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity, Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2) with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern. Keywords - Microstrip Patch Antenna; E-shaped, CDMA systems communications; Coaxial Probe feed, IE3D
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application
(CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated
into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency
range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane
and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments
(MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and
other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions
as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity,
Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation
pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2)
with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum
analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good
return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern.
Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication SystemIJERA Editor
With the ever increasing number of subscribers and their seemingly “greedy” demands for high-data-rate services, the next generation networks will have to provide global connectivity to ensure success. So the combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the data rates of next-generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency-selective fading environments. Therefore hybrid architecture between terrestrial and satellite networks based on MIMO-OFDM with frequency reuse is employed here. However, this frequency reuse introduces severe co-channel interference (CCI) at the satellite end. To mitigate CCI, we propose an OFDM based adaptive beamformer implemented on-board the satellite with pilot reallocation at the transmitter side. The system performance is simulated by using the software MATLAB, the experimental result shows that the MIMO-OFDM communication system has better performance when compared.
A Multiband Printed Antenna Suitable for Wireless ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study deals with a new research work on a low cost multiband printed antenna
which can be used for three operating frequency bands GSM900/PCS/WIFI/Bluetooth. The
achieved antenna is mounted on an FR-4 substrate. In this study, the solts technique is used to
obtain the multiband behavior. The different solts are inserted in the radiator face and the back
face that is the ground. The whole circuit is optimized taking into account the good matching of
the input impedance in the operating frequency bands with a stable radiation pattern. In order to
optimize the proposed antenna structure we have used CST-MW and to compare the obtained
simulation results we have conducted another electromagnetic simulation by using HFSS
solver. The final circuit validated into simulation has been fabricated and tested which permits to
validate the proposed multiband antenna.
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
BER Performance of MU-MIMO System using Dirty Paper CodingIJEEE
In this paper Dirty Paper Coding for communication system is implemented. MIMO application that involves devices such as cell phones, pocket PCs require closely spaced antenna, which suffers from mutual coupling among antennas and high spatial correlation for signals. DPC is used for compensating the degradation due to correlation and mutual coupling.
Semi-circular compact CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a simple structure and small size antenna design with dimensions of 43×47 mm2 to perform an ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range using a semicircular co-planar waveguide (CPW). This antenna has been designed and simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio suit. In this work, we design an ultra-wideband antenna (about 2 GHz to 10 GHz) by feeding a semi-circular compact antenna via a co-planar waveguide for input impedance of 50 Ω. The CST simulation results show that our designed antenna has a very good impedance and radiation characteristic within the intended ultra-wideband. Because of the small size and the suitable shape, this antenna can be used in many wireless communication applications, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID), indoor wireless local area network or wireless fidelity (WiFi), internet of things (IoT), millimeter waves communications (mmWave), global positioning system (GPS), and many applications of 6G systems.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A broadband MIMO antenna's channel capacity for WLAN and WiMAX applicationsIJICTJOURNAL
This paper describes the findings of a research into the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel capacity of a broadband dual-element printed inverted F-antenna (PIFA) antenna array. The dual-element antenna array is made up of two PIFAs that are meant to fit on a teeny-tiny and small wireless communication device that runs at 5 GHz. The device's frequency range is between 3.5 and 4.5 GHz. These PIFAs are also loaded into the device during the installation process. In order to investigate the channel capacity, the ray tracing method is employed in two different kinds of circumstances. For the purpose of carrying out this analysis of the channel capacity, both the simulated and measured mutual couplings of the broadband MIMO antenna are utilized.
Role antennas play in a MIMO link - paperAndre Fourie
Role antennas play in a MIMO link. Paper presented by Andre Fourie at the Radio Communications Conference.
MIMO, in conjunction with SDMA, is a technology that is used in 4G networks to increase the data throughput of a wireless network. The antennas used in the link have a direct correlation with the performance of a MIMO link. The antenna attributes that play the dominant performance enhancing role in MIMO links are the radiation pattern and the polarization.
The nature of the indoor and outdoor channels is discussed and it is shown that a MIMO link performs far better in outdoor channels; hence the use of outdoor antenna installations is emphasized.
Error Rate Analysis of MIMO System Using V Blast Detection Technique in Fadin...IJERA Editor
Wireless communication system with multi- antenna arrays has been a field of intensive analysis on the last years. The appliance of multiple sending antennas and Receiving Antennas either side will considerably enhance the data rate and rate. The review of the performance limitations of MIMO system becomes vital since it will provide lot ideas in understanding and planning the important life MIMO systems. Vertical Bell Laboratories layered space Time (V-BLAST). The thought behind Multiple Input and Multiple Output system is that the signals on the transmitter antennas at one finish and also the receiver antennas at the opposite finish are correlative in such how that the performance (Bit Error Rate or BER) or the info rate (bits/sec) of the wireless communication system for every MIMO subscriber are improved. During this paper we tend to are proposing a technique that evaluates the performance of V-BLAST MIMO system in several thought of Rayleigh attenuation surroundings to urge higher performance of the system. In V- BLAST MIMO system a number of linear detection techniques will be used for interference cancellation. At this point we are using MMSE-IC for the same. Our expected system provide higher error rate performance with the used of matched filter at receiver aspect .The projected system compared within the presence of AWGN. Now matched filter applied on V- BLAST MIMO with MMSE-IC system in fading diversity surroundings.
Modified T&U Shape Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Communication.IJSRD
Modern communication system requires high gain, large bandwidth and less size antennas which shows excellent performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. Proposed system uses FR4 as a dielectric substrate(€r=4.4).Proposed Triangular Miscrostrip Patch antenna is designed with additional T & U shape ,simulated by using high frequency simulation software HFSS & finally tested with the help of vector network analyzer (VNA -N9923A) . Various antenna parameters like Return Loss, Gain and VSWR etc. are calculated using HFSS. The antenna has been designed to operate on the range of 5.5GHz. This paper report the simulation result using equilateral triangular patch antenna with Microstrip line feed.
Design & Simulation of E-Shaped Micro Strip Patch Antenna for GPS ApplicationIJERA Editor
Micro strip antennas are widely used in many applications due to their low Profile, low cost and ease of fabrication. In some applications it is desired to have a dual band or multiband characteristics. This paper presents the design and simulation of E-shape micro strip patch antenna with wideband operating frequency for wireless application. The shape will provide the broad bandwidth which is required in various application like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio, satellite communication etc. The antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed with a GPS receiver enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used. Parametric study was included to determine affect of design towards the antenna performance. Radiation performance of the designed antenna is simulated using the HFSS software version 13.0. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design was optimized to meet the best possible result. Substrate used was air which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 GHz to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz. Due to the compact area occupied. The pro-posed antenna is promising to be embedded within the different portable devices employing GPS applications.
Similar to Design and Optimization a Circular Shape Network Antenna Micro Strip for Some Application (20)
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
Energy-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have garnered significant research interest in
recent years. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or Cooperative MIMO, represents a specialized
application of MIMO technology within WSNs. This approach operates effectively, especially in
challenging and resource-constrained environments. By facilitating collaboration among sensor nodes,
Cooperative MIMO enhances reliability, coverage, and energy efficiency in WSN deployments.
Consequently, MIMO finds application in diverse WSN scenarios, spanning environmental monitoring,
industrial automation, and healthcare applications.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication. IJCSIT publishes original research papers and review papers, as well as auxiliary material such as: research papers, case studies, technical reports etc.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Welcome to AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT), your gateway to the latest advancements in the dynamic fields of Computer Science and Information Systems.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) are computer-based tutoring systems that deal with
linguistic skills. Adding intelligence in such systems is mainly based on using Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tools to diagnose student errors, especially in language grammar. However, most such
systems do not consider the modeling of student competence in linguistic skills, especially for the Arabic
language. In this paper, we will deal with basic grammar concepts of the Arabic language taught for the
fourth grade of the elementary school in Egypt. This is through Arabic Grammar Trainer (AGTrainer)
which is an Intelligent CALL. The implemented system (AGTrainer) trains the students through different
questions that deal with the different concepts and have different difficulty levels. Constraint-based student
modeling (CBSM) technique is used as a short-term student model. CBSM is used to define in small grain
level the different grammar skills through the defined skill structures. The main contribution of this paper
is the hierarchal representation of the system's basic grammar skills as domain knowledge. That
representation is used as a mechanism for efficiently checking constraints to model the student knowledge
and diagnose the student errors and identify their cause. In addition, satisfying constraints and the number
of trails the student takes for answering each question and fuzzy logic decision system are used to
determine the student learning level for each lesson as a long-term model. The results of the evaluation
showed the system's effectiveness in learning in addition to the satisfaction of students and teachers with its
features and abilities.
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This research aims to further understanding in the field of continuous authentication using behavioural
biometrics. We are contributing a novel dataset that encompasses the gesture data of 15 users playing
Minecraft with a Samsung Tablet, each for a duration of 15 minutes. Utilizing this dataset, we employed
machine learning (ML) binary classifiers, being Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and
Support Vector Classifier (SVC), to determine the authenticity of specific user actions. Our most robust
model was SVC, which achieved an average accuracy of approximately 90%, demonstrating that touch
dynamics can effectively distinguish users. However, further studies are needed to make it viable option
for authentication systems. You can access our dataset at the following
link:https://github.com/AuthenTech2023/authentech-repo
This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of GPT-3 (0), a state-of-the-art language model, in the
context of text understanding. We begin by describing the architecture and training process of GPT-3, and
provide an overview of its impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing
tasks, such as language translation, question-answering, and text completion. Throughout this research
project, a summarizing tool was also created to help us retrieve content from any types of document,
specifically IELTS (0) Reading Test data in this project. We also aimed to improve the accuracy of the
summarizing, as well as question-answering capabilities of GPT-3 (0) via long text
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification.
This work highlights transfer learning’s effectiveness in image classification using CNNs and VGG 16 that
provides insights into the selection of pre-trained models and hyper parameters for optimal performance.
We have proposed a comprehensive approach for image segmentation and classification, incorporating preprocessing techniques, the K-means algorithm for segmentation, and employing deep learning models such
as CNN and VGG 16 for classification.
The security of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging has gained momentum after the increase in the EV adoption
in the past few years. Mobile applications have been integrated into EV charging systems that mainly use a
cloud-based platform to host their services and data. Like many complex systems, cloud systems are
susceptible to cyberattacks if proper measures are not taken by the organization to secure them. In this
paper, we explore the security of key components in the EV charging infrastructure, including the mobile
application and its cloud service. We conducted an experiment that initiated a Man in the Middle attack
between an EV app and its cloud services. Our results showed that it is possible to launch attacks against
the connected infrastructure by taking advantage of vulnerabilities that may have substantial economic and
operational ramifications on the EV charging ecosystem. We conclude by providing mitigation suggestions
and future research directions.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
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software framework used with Apache Hadoop, which has become the de facto standard platform for
processing and storing large amounts of data in a distributed computing environment. The research
presented here focuses on the variations observed among the results of an efficient iterative transitive
closure algorithm when run against different distributed environments. The results from these comparisons
were validated against the benchmark results from OYSTER, an open source Entity Resolution system. The
experiment results highlighted the inconsistencies that can occur when using the same codebase with
different implementations of Map Reduce.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
Design and Optimization a Circular Shape Network Antenna Micro Strip for Some Application
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
DOI:10.5121/ijcsit.2017.9105 57
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION A CIRCULAR SHAPE
NETWORK ANTENNA MICRO STRIP FOR SOME
APPLICATION
Louati Siwar1
, Fethi Mejri2
and Aguili Taoufik3
1, 2,3SYS’COM
Laboratory, National Engineering School of Tunis, University Tunis El
Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
ABSTRACT
To meet the demands of high speed required by mobile communication of past generations ,one solution is
to increase the number of antennas to the show and the reception of the wireless link this is called MIMO
(Multiple input ,Multiple output )technology .however ,the integration of multiple antennas on the same
PCB is delicate because of the small volume that require some applications and electromagnetic antenna
between the coupling ,phenomena that we cannot neglect them .indeed a strong isolation between them has
been reached to reduce fading of the signal caused by the electromagnetic antenna reached to reduce
fading of the signal caused by the electromagnetic coupling and maximize the overall gain .in this article
we are interested then integration on the same printed circuit of eight antennas MIMO are not operation in
the same frequency band .the first antenna of this last work at 2.4GHz .other antennas have resonance
frequency folling each with 20MHz offset this device is characterized by its original form that keeps is
highly isolated antennas from the point of view electromagnetic coupling
.
INDEX TERMS
MIMO, Technology Micro-strip, Microwave, Network Antenna
1. INTRODUCTION
The research in the field of antennas dies goes back decades ,but is that recently that the use of
multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver has shown a marked improvement in
the ability of the communications .the MIMO channels ,which can represent various
environments of information transmission, the help of Vector algebra where The popularity of
this modelbut quickly a debit or scope problem is presented a new technique appeared in 1984
thanks to Mr..jack winters, who filed a patent for wireless communication to multiple antennas
[10]Since this discovery ,this system has been very used in servel areas these of multiple antennas
to the emission and reception in radio systems is one of the most important advances developed
last times .they allow to reduce the likelihood of error and to increase the transmission rate
without increasing power transmission or used bandwidth.however ,the majority of studies are too
theoretical , and currently are there are few rigs to check the viability of these techniques in real
transmission conditions and get a more realistic assessment of the performance of the system In
recent developments in telecommunications ,the multiple technology uses spatial diversity .it was
already this principle on the Wi-Fi systems legacy the addition of receiver antennas allowed for
example to make a selection of the antenna on a criterion of power to take micro strip antennas
2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
58
deep applications especially in the filed mobile military , medical and telecommunication. ’We
theCapacity of Radio Communication Systems with Diversity in a Rayleigh Fading Environment
"[11], and "The Diversity Gain of Transmit Diversity in Wireless Systems with Rayleigh Fading
"[11]. We will proceed with a review of the principles: basic
necessary to the understanding of the articles,followed by analysis and reproduction of the results
of the two sections of winters MIMO Technology using networks of antennas on the show or at
the front desk in order to improve the quality of the signal to noise. the allows also to decrease the
level of radio signals in the life of batteries in the case of a telephone MIMO antennas ,space
diversity spatial multiplexing: stream emitted at the same time ,on the same frequency can be
considered three main categories of MIMO: space diversity MIMO: simultaneously Sent a
message on different antennas to the show signals received on each of the receiving antennas are
then released phase and ordered in a consistent Manner .a simplified version uses the signal of
only one of the antennas ,one that gets the best signal at a time given (polarized antennas) it
allows to increase the ratio signal /noise (thanks to the diversity gain) of the transmission .for this
technique to be effective ,must the MIMO sub channels are uncorrelated (independent)from the
other MIMO spatial multiplexing :each message in cut in sub messages. . At the same time passed
the different sub messages on each of the transmit antennas. The signals received on the receiving
antennas are reassembled to reconstruct the original message .as for diversity MIMO; the sub
channels of propagation must be uncorrelated MIMO multiplexing to increase rates of
transmission (through multiplexing gain) .diversity and multiplexing MIMO techniques can be
applied jointly
2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
A circular micro strip patch antenna designing is easier than other other patch configuration as we
only need one design parameter i;e radius of the patch .in the procedure of typical Micro strip ‘the
frequency of resonance desired antenna design The micro strip structure that we used has a driver
in copper characterized by a conductivity ζ = 58, 5.106 (S/m) and a thickness T = 35µm. the
substrate is glass Teflon of relative permittivity εr = 4.32 thickness H = 1, 5 mm and has losses
modeled by tag = 0, 0019.was used ADS as a software Simulation of an antenna We used as
software ADS as a simulation softwarethen a patch antenna which works at the frequency of
operation specified f0=2GHz et 3GHz can be designed using the equations of the model line
transmission [5] .insertion of supply type used as a feedingmethod formulas used for calculating
radius R or (a)
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
59
Fig1:Schematic of a Circular micro strip patch antenna
The procedure assumes that the specified information includes the dielectric constant of the
substrate (εr), the operating frequency (f )and the height of the substrate (h). To find the actual
radius ‘a’ In the above equations we should remember that the operating frequency f should be
taken in Hertz (Hz) and the height of the substrate h should be taken in Centimeters (cm)
2.1. DESIGN AN ANTENNA
The antenna represent an important component of the chain of transmission since it affects the
transmission and reception of the signal radiated in free space the choice of type of antenna
depends on type of network of covered area and emission levels to do this you choose a circular
antenna We used as software ADS as a simulation software.An antenna is connected to the source
by a characteristic impedance transmission line Z_c (Z_c=50 Ohm).to ensure maximum transfer
of power between power and antenna ,it is necessary to ensure an impedance matching .the
adaptation allows canceling the coefficient of reflection S(11) the antenna input .The reflection
coefficient is the ratio of the reflected antenna input wave and the incident wave.it depends on the
antenna and the characteristic impedance. The characteristic impedance of the line quart wave
which must be intercalated between the patch and 50ohm line is calculated with the following
formula:
λg 4⁄ = 50 ℎ .
After a simulation, we notice that the antenna is well suited as mitigation of dB which is strictly
lower value DB and which represents a minimum reflection of the reports mean notes will be
transmitted, there is also an impedance value is equivalent to 62Ohm for 2.4GHz frequency.
These results are show in figure values :L1=17.02mm of circular antenna L2=18.62 mm,W2
=0.198mm ,L3=10mm and W3 =2.86mm
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
60
Fig 2: results of simulation of the antenna under Momentum (S11 (dB), phase (Z), real (Z), imag (Z))
Under schematic ,we bring the antenna creates in order to, optimize length of line transmission
used on the frequency interval[2GHz,3GHz]to do this ,we define the lower interval of
optimization for the length as well as the coefficient of reflection S11 under schematic at -20 dB
after optimization ,we get the following for 2.4GHz frequency. These results are show in figure
Fig3: results of simulation of the antenna under Momentum (S11(dB), phase (Z), real (Z), imag (Z))
All After a simulation, we notice that the antenna is well suited since we have an attenuation of -
24.518dB Which is la lower value strictly at-20dB and represents a minimum reflection of the
signal .we find also an impedance value equal 56.223Ohm for 2.4GHz frequency .these results
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
61
are shown in figure 4 Which shows that almost a perfect feed configuration is researched, i.e. The
figure represents the first antenna pattern ,it indicates that this circular antenna is directive
Fig4: 2D (rear view) radiation pattern
the figure represents the first antenna radiation pattern ,it indicates that this circular antenna is
directivity .it connects our first antenna network analyzer on using a single port ,onuses the matter
it retrieve the resultant of S11to compare it with the result at that was found by ADS. In this part
and after the completion of measures drawing the representative gain curve S (11) and then
compared with that of the ADS. This is the result that was found the comparison between the
values of (dB) measured and simulated a circular patch on the 2.4 GHz frequency antenna:The
figure below shows results found for the S11 (dB) parameter by simulation under ADS to the
resonant frequency are consistent with those found by measures.
Fig5:After circular patch antenna
Fig6: measures S(11) antenna
6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
62
Fig8: Comparison between measured and simulated values S11 (dB)
According to this curve there is that the measures made by the network for this antenna Analyzer
are accurate so our work already done by theADS (Advanced DesignSystem) is consistent with th
e measures carried out
3. DESIGN A NETWORK
Now after the first antenna design was completed other antennas similarly except that by
changing the frequency of work .the end of all antennas, we turn to the creation network antenna
working in 2.4GHz maximum bandwidth of 20MHzNow for the solution you made this design is
based on the location of circular wave of these 8 antennas ,We’ll keep increasing order of these
last ,mean we start with the first antenna of frequency 2.4GHz until you research the last one
which is set to the 2.56GHz frequency .in keeping with ,the same frequency offset which is ∆f =
20 MHz the first place we fixed the distance from each antenna to the center of the circle that
represents the shape of this design such as R=50mm to set the radius of this circle used GAP that
a component of the library of ADS allows to separate the different antennas In our case we have 8
antennas which are placed in an orderly way mean the 8 are separated by an
angle=45degres.For this the transport capacity of the used frequency band is increased 16 times c
omparedto theold form that is the parallel formatting.
We take the first three antennas such as theangle between the first and the third equal 90 degrees s
o the first antenna has two forms of polarization (vertical or horizontal in the same she can use the
second antenna for that ability the first antenna during transport is increased four times the initial
form for the second antenna and the third.)The same treatment for other antennas (3, 4, 5) by foll
ows her (5, 6, 7) and (7, 8, 1)Involving 4 groups ofantennas multiplied 4 times so the ability incre
ases 16 times.It's the most important thing we did to justify our choice and the characters made by
this configuration we'll study it later.
7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
63
Fig 9: A network antennas under Momentum
After this configuration we realize this network simulation to determine the parameters and the ga
in and directivity using ADS
.
Fig10: Representative curve of theConfiguration
From this placed above figure we notice that the transmission is maximum and that the reflection
is minimal, so features are better than the second solution except that for this solution the
coupling increases completely but the curves are well separated.
So each antenna will really like this isolated in space where the result sought to establish, even cu
rves are better suited for example to the antenna 5 = S55 - 41.88.
After thestudy of sparameters and the gain we turn now to the radiation pattern and directivity me
an direction of current during activation of this network after the simulation of network finds the
phase shift between different resonant frequencies
8. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
64
Fig11: results of simulation of the network antennas under Momentum (phase (Z))
(A) (B)
Fig12: Aerial network realized (A) front view - view from behind (B)
From these representative curves of measures found by the parser we note that ADS gives good
results, for this reason we valid this work and we fin is hour designs only with this tool Deferens
steps to achieve a suitable antenna design was studied i n this article and function in a just manner
has a specific frequency, and these steps are the as me that We follow when we will determine
other antennas except that it changes the frequency of work from one to the other, then completed
the measures for the first antenna that was already prepared by the ADS and the validation of the
latter were assured. Subsequently measured MIMO network by the Network Analyze r and
compared the results found with that it has already carried out by our software, and end of this
comparison it concludes that this design is valid
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have presented the design and simulation of a Circular Micro strip patch
Antenna at c band frequency region. The simulated results of circular micro strip patch antenna
shows good directivity and gain value. The directivity and gain for the circular patch antenna is
9. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 9, No 1, February 2017
65
4.5dBi and 2.66dBi respectively and a percentage bandwidth achieved is 3.79%. The high return
loss value gives perfect impedance matching between patch and feed. Also, designed circular
patch antenna gives radiation efficiency equal to 59.1%. However, we can also improve the
antenna characteristics using different known technologies to increase the applicability of this
patch antenna. Although, this circular patch antenna may find applications satellite
communication applications such as transponders
REFERENCES
[1] Design”, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [2] Ramesh garg, PrakashBhartia, InderBahl
andApisakIttipiboon,Microtrip Design Antenna Handbook”, Artech House, Boston London.
[2] Kin-Lu Wong, “Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[3] A.Al-Zoubi, F. Yang, and A. Kishk, “A broadband center-fed circular patch-ring antenna with a
monopole like radiation pattern,” IEEE Transaction Antennas Propagation, vol. 57, pp. 789–792,
2009.
[4] Prasanna L. Zade,SachinS.Khade, Dr. N. K. Choudhary, “Modeling and Designing of Circular
Microstrip Antenna For wireless communication”, International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Technology, ICETET- 2009.
[5] Arun Singh Kirar, Veerendra Singh Jadaun, Pavan KumarSharma, “Design a Circular Microstrip
Patch Antenna for Dual Band”, International Journal of Electronics
Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT) Volume 3 Issue 2 March 2013.
[6] V.Harsha Ram Keerthi, Dr.Habibullah Khan, Dr.P.Srinivasulu,
“Design of C-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Radar Applications Using IE3D”, Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2013.
[7] M.Venkata,Narayana, Govardhani.Immadi, K.Rajkamal,
M.S.R.S Tejaswi, “Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-band RADAR
[8] Applications with Coaxial fed”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.
2, I
[9] Jack H. Winters, ‘’On the Capacity of Radio Communication Systems with Diversity in a, Rayleigh
Fading Environment’’, lEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL.
SAC-5, NO. 5, JUNE 1987, p871
[10] Jack H. Winters, ‘’The Diversity Gain of Transmit Diversity in Wireless Systems with Rayleigh
Fading’’, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 47, NO. 1,
FEBRUARY 1998, p119