Waveguide Port
CST Microwave Studio
CST Microwave Studio:
Mesh Setting: Define Mesh
Mesh is the process of dividing the structure into small elements called
cells or elements.
Mesh Setting
CST Microwave Studio
CST Microwave Studio:
Simulation Setting: Define Frequency Domain Solver
Frequency Domain Solver is used to solve electromagnetic problems in
the frequency domain.
Frequency Domain Solver
CST Microwave Studio
A type of aerial, widely used with television and VHF radio receivers, consisting of two parallel dipoles connected together at their outer ends and fed at the center of one of them. The length is usually half the operating wavelength.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
A type of aerial, widely used with television and VHF radio receivers, consisting of two parallel dipoles connected together at their outer ends and fed at the center of one of them. The length is usually half the operating wavelength.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
Microstrip Antenna Design For Ultra-Wide Band Applicationsinventionjournals
: In this paper design of ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna. The UWB antenna is capable of operating over an UWB as allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with good radiation properties over the entire frequency range. The techniques of enhancing the bandwidth of microstrip UWB antenna were utilized to enhance them performance of the designed antenna. The (UWB) antenna with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate height of 1.6mm is designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth etc,.The rectangular patch has two slots one slot at the topmost left corner another one at bottom right corner. The simulated bandwidth with return loss (RL) ≥ 10 dB is 2.2–5.6GHz. The simulated results of the proposed antenna indicate higher gain at the passbands while a sharp drop at the rejected bands is seen. The radiation pattern is of dipole shape in the Eplane and almost omnidirectional in the H-plane. The high frequency structure simulator HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software is used to design and simulate the antennas behavior over the different frequency ranges. Measurements confirm the antenna characteristic as predicted in the simulation with a slight shift in frequencies.
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the methods of computation of total power loss and system rise time in a fiber optic link. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
A comprehensive study on wearable textile antenna.
textile antennas are those which uses textile materials as substrate. It is flexible and widely used for wireless body area network applications.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGNShivashu Awasthi
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA USING HFSS SIMULATION TOOL.
Its the Final Year Presentation at 75% of its full flow.
Hopefully It should Help..do leave your reviews and suggestions / queries.
Thanks.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
Microstrip Antenna Design For Ultra-Wide Band Applicationsinventionjournals
: In this paper design of ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna. The UWB antenna is capable of operating over an UWB as allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with good radiation properties over the entire frequency range. The techniques of enhancing the bandwidth of microstrip UWB antenna were utilized to enhance them performance of the designed antenna. The (UWB) antenna with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate height of 1.6mm is designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth etc,.The rectangular patch has two slots one slot at the topmost left corner another one at bottom right corner. The simulated bandwidth with return loss (RL) ≥ 10 dB is 2.2–5.6GHz. The simulated results of the proposed antenna indicate higher gain at the passbands while a sharp drop at the rejected bands is seen. The radiation pattern is of dipole shape in the Eplane and almost omnidirectional in the H-plane. The high frequency structure simulator HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software is used to design and simulate the antennas behavior over the different frequency ranges. Measurements confirm the antenna characteristic as predicted in the simulation with a slight shift in frequencies.
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the methods of computation of total power loss and system rise time in a fiber optic link. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
A comprehensive study on wearable textile antenna.
textile antennas are those which uses textile materials as substrate. It is flexible and widely used for wireless body area network applications.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGNShivashu Awasthi
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA USING HFSS SIMULATION TOOL.
Its the Final Year Presentation at 75% of its full flow.
Hopefully It should Help..do leave your reviews and suggestions / queries.
Thanks.
Simulation of a Multi-resonant Antenna System Using CST Microwave StudioBurak Yenier
Simulation of a Multi-resonant Antenna System Using CST Microwave Studio.
In this UberCloud Experiment project the team enabled end-user to simulate the complete RF-portion of involved antenna system.
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTEENA USING METAMATERIAL SUBSTRATEPrateek Kumar
Dissertation part-1 presentation on design of rectangular patch antenna using metamaterial substrate by Prateek Kumar from RUSTAMJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORDER SECURITY FORCE TEKANPUR GWALIOR (M.P).
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATION USING META-MATERIALNIKITA JANJAL
Microstrip patch antennas has many advantage due to light weight and small size,
low cost but also have some disadvantage as low gain , narrow band width these are the
two important parameters. This design shows how we can increase the performance of the
patch antenna by using metamaterials or how we can improve the gain & bandwidth. Here
it provide the introduction of meta materials and microstrip patch antenna after that describe
the parameter of microstrip patch antenna which can improve by using metamaterials and
discuss future scope and application of metamaterials.[6].
The Metamaterial based antenna is designed for some improvement in the performance
of directivity gain, return loss and size of circuit area. The aim is to design and
fabricate metamaterial antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L),Width
(W) and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (r), substrate thickness on Radiation
parameters of Band width. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for
maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular
configurations are the most commonly used configuration.
Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations.
The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very
critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In view of design,
selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line
depth.
The results obtained after simulation in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS)
were so much effective with the considerable enhancement in the values of directivity, bandwidth.
Modelling of this omega shaped patch antenna has revealed results that are suitable
AISSMS COE, M.E. E&TC (MICROWAVE) YEAR 2014-15 14
METHODOLOGY
for RFID antenna design. It simulated a rectangular patch antenna with metamaterial included
which has much higher directivity and bandwidth that can be employed for UHF
band which is one of the pre requisite of the following era. RFID has been one of the greatest
contributions of the 21st century.
It has many implementations in different fields may be in medical, military applications,
transportation, tracking items etc. The main barrier for widespread deployment of
this technology is its cost barrier which can be resolved through use of modern technologies
for building circuits with minimal costs.
Design and Improved Performance of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna for ...IJERA Editor
In the resent year the development in communication system requires the development of low cast, minimum weight and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of micro strip patch antenna. The object of this paper is to design an micro strip line fed rectangular micro strip patch antenna which operate in C-band at 5.33 GHz the antenna design is based on high frequency structure simulation (HFSS) software which is infinite element method based. This proposed antenna is design at height of 1.5 mm from the ground plane at frequency of 5.33GHz. The HFSS software has become the most versatile, easy to used, efficient and accurate simulation tool. After the simulation the performance characteristics such as input impedance, return loss, and VSWR are obtained
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Designing of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band ApplicationIJMER
Microstrip patch antenna becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis, fabrication, low cast, light weight easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. In this paper we proposed the designed of rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at frequency range 5-6 GHz. The simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation structure (HFSS) program.
The antenna is based on the modified epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of approximate 4.4. After simulation rectangular microstrip antenna performs characteristics such as VSWR & return loss smith chart
Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inset Feed TechniqueIOSR Journals
Abstract : Today in the world of communication systems the most widely researched area is of wireless technology and a study of communication systems is incomplete without an understanding of the operation of the antennas. In the recent years of development in communication systems a need for the development of lightweight, compact and cost-effective antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this work, the simulation tool of IE3D is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2.4 GHz rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The return loss and the various gain plots have been studied along with the radiation patterns. Keywords: Gain, Inset feed, Patch antenna, Radiation pattern, Return Loss.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Finite Ground Plane for WI-FI, ...ijsrd.com
Microstrip antennas are suitable for mobile and satellite communication systems. This is particularly due to their main characteristics such as low volume and weight, as well as because they are easy to fabricate and to be installed on plane and curved surfaces. Nevertheless these antennas present some disadvantages like narrow bandwidth, low power operation, and radiation loss. There are some methods such as increasing the height of the substrate, which can be used to extend the efficiency and bandwidth. In this communication design and performance of a novel rectangular with finite ground is proposed to achieve wide band performance and circular polarization. “The proposed structure consists of a rectangular patch and the ground planâ€Â
Analysis of Multi-Band Characteristics of Fractal Shape AntennaAM Publications
This paper put forward the relative study of rectangle shaped Microstrip patch antenna for two different dielectric substrate. If the substrate material’s dielectric constant is escalated, resulting in shrinking /depression of patch antenna. This depression of coordinate is result of back-and-forth in efficiency, bandwidth and impedance. FR4 and RT- Duroid are considered for determine the performances. Feeding technique used is coaxial probe-feed. Measurement like feed-point coordinates, width, length, and ground measurement for each substrate is determined. The model of antenna is performed using the Method of Moments based on IE3D Simulator from Zeland Software Inc, USA.
Analysis of Multi-Band Characteristics of Fractal Shape AntennaAM Publications
This paper put forward the relative study of rectangle shaped Microstrip patch antenna for two different dielectric substrate. If the substrate material’s dielectric constant is escalated, resulting in shrinking /depression of patch antenna. This depression of coordinate is result of back-and-forth in efficiency, bandwidth and impedance. FR4 and RT- Duroid are considered for determine the performances. Feeding technique used is coaxial probe-feed. Measurement like feed-point coordinates, width, length, and ground measurement for each substrate is determined. The model of antenna is performed using the Method of Moments based on IE3D Simulator from Zeland Software Inc, USA.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Review of Multi Resonant Slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MPA) for IMT, W...IJEEE
In this paper, a stacked multi resonant slotted micro strip patch antenna (MPA) has been proposed which is suitable to be used for GSM, WLAN standard and WiMAX applications. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material. In the designed stacked antenna, substrates having different thickness has been used. The bottom stack of designed antenna has a radiating patch of circular shape and the patch on the upper stack has rectangular shape and is flexible in nature. The antenna has a feed line which is connected to circular patch to feed power to the antenna. The feed line has to be of suitable width to match the antenna impedance with port impedance of 50 ohms. The designed antenna has a defected ground structure in order to improve the antenna performance. The antenna performance has been measured in terms of antenna parameters such as impedance bandwidth (GHz), Return loss (dB), antenna impedance (ohms), VSWR and Directivity (dBi). The designed antenna results have been simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2010. The practically designed antenna has been tested successfully by using Network analyzer E5071C. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with theoretical results.
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile,
low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found
favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated
circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the
antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a
narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an
insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which
forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch.
The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch
antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter
wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide
variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good
approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch.
However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation
efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area
as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the
different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract : Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used . Keywords - bandwidth, dielectric constant, Microstrip antennas, substrate thickness
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
Similar to Microstrip patch antenna for wimax applications (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
1. DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA FOR IEEE 802.16-2004
APPLICATIONS
EHAB ESAM DAWOOD
Department Of Electronic
Faculty of Electronics Engineering
University of Mosul
Contact me:
aburaneem3@gmail.com
2. The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee develops
Local Area Network standards and Metropolitan Area
Network standards.
The most widely used standards are for the Ethernet
family, Token Ring, Wireless LAN, Wireless PAN, Wireless
MAN, Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs. An individual
Working Group provides the focus for each area.
The number 802 was simply the next free number IEEE
could assign, though “802” is sometimes associated with
the date the first meeting was held in February 1980.
IEEE 802
5. wireless communication means to transfer information over
long or short distance without using any wires
An antenna is defined a usually metallic device (as a rod
or wire) for radiating or receiving radio waves.
the antenna is the transitional structure between free-
space and a guiding device
it is used to transport electromagnetic energy from the
transmitting source to the antenna or from the antenna to
the receiver, the antenna can be in a form of microstrip.
INTRODUCTION
6. Microstrip: is a type of electrical transmission line which can be
fabricated using printed circuit board used to convey microwave
frequency signals.
Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA): These antenna comprises of
planar layers including a radiating element, an intermediate dielectric
laye r, and a ground plane layer.
Microstrip
antenna
INTRODUCTION
6
7. The radiating element may be square, rectangular,
triangular, or circular and is separated from the
ground plane layer
Representative shapes of microstrip patch elements
INTRODUCTION
9. Surface waves are guided waves captured within the
substrate and partially radiated and reflected back at the
substrate edges.
The ground plane of a printed antenna is always is finite in
size, surface waves propagates until they reach an edge or
corner.
The diffracted waves take up apart of energy of the signal
thus decreasing the desired signal amplitude and contributing
to deterioration in the antenna efficiency as well as increasing
both side lobe and cross polarization
Surface Waves
10. The material of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) used in my
design is FR4 utilize as substrate.
where "FR" means Flame Retardant, and Type "4" indicates
woven glass reinforced epoxy resin.
Dielectric constant typically in the range (4.3-5.2),
depends on glass resin ratio.
popular material and cost effective compared with other
PCB material that make this PCB is preferred.
FR4 Substrate
Material
11. The main drawback of microstrip patch antenna is suffer from narrow BandWidth.
Antenna BandWidth (BW) can be improved by increasing the substrate thickness.
The thickness of substrate increases surface waves, surface waves pass through
the substrate and scattered at bends of the radiating patch which caused degrade
the antenna performance.
To overcome this problem, the technique of air-gap that represents substrate
layer which has the dielectric constant is 1, by using air substrate, the surface
waves is not excited easily.
Problem Statements:
surface waves
0
12. To increase the efficiency of the microstrip patch antenna
by decreasing the loss of the reflection, it is executed by
using air-gap as a substrate in microstrip patch antenna.
To reduce the cost in the fabrication of the antenna by
using the cheap and popular FR4 material. The resonant
frequency can adjusted without requiring new design by just
varying the height of the air-gap also as well as the FR4
material this made the fabrications very cost effective.
Project Objectives:
1
13. To improve the BandWidth (BW) by increasing the
thickness of dielectric substrate and dielectric constant with
lower value.
To reduce the energy loss due to surface wave, the
surface waves consume apart of energy of the signal thus
decreasing the desired signal amplitude and contributing to
deterioration in the antenna efficiency that weaken the
microstrip antenna’s performance.
Project Objectives:
2
14. Use the resonant frequency 3.5 GHz for WiMax application, the
resonant frequency is chosen from IEEE 802.16-2004 span of 2-
11GHz.
Choose the air as dielectric substrates that have the value of dielectric
constant 1 in order to reduce the surface wave excisions.
Use the transmission Line model for calculation of patch Dimension. It’s
the simplest of all and gives good physical insight.
Simulate and Verify antenna design performance by applying Computer
Simulation Technology Software (CST) to design MPA.
Use AutoCAD software to open the DXF file that exported from CST
software simulation.
Project Scopes:
16. Microstrip Line Feed : A conducting strip directly connected to the patch which
is smaller in dimension as compare to patch. It is very easy to fabricate, very
simple in modeling and match with characteristic impedance 50Ω or 75Ω. This
type of feeding was not successful when using with air-gap substrate.
Coaxial Feed: Feed the inner conductor of coaxial extends through the
dielectric and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer conductor is
connected to ground plane, it is easy to fabricate and match. It has low spurious
radiation, and it has narrow bandwidth.
Coaxial FeedMicrostrip Line Feed
Feeding method:
17. Aperture Coupled Feed: is more complex and more difficult to fabricate
as compare to others, High dielectric material is used for bottom substrate and
thick and low dielectric constant material for the top substrate .
Proximity coupled Feed: Its fabrication is not easy as compare to other
feed techniques, the advantage is eliminates spurious radiation and provides high
bandwidth (as high as 13%), due to overall increase in the thickness of the
microstrip patch antenna.
Proximity coupled FeedAperture Coupled Feed
Feeding method:
19. Resonant frequency: The Resonant frequency was used in MPA for
IEEE802.16-2004 is 3.5 GHz, and take the span (3 - 4) GHz used in
reflection loss and BW calculations.
Dielectric Substrate: FR4 PCB material is used as a substrate.
Reflection loss and BW are calculated when using singleFR4 PCB.
Subsequently, air is used as the substrate between two PCB FR4
substrates that improves the BW as well as reduce the loss of the
reflection. These are compared with the data when using singleFR4
PCB.
Thickness of Substrate: The thickness of Air substrate was
designed and fabricated by using 2mm spacer, the thickness of the
FR4 substrate is 1.6mm.
Many factors were determined before begin the design
20. FR4 Substrate Dimension:
λ » λ = 85.71 mm,
The width and the length of substrate is λ/2,
FR4 substrate
dimensions:
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
21. The effective dielectric constant is a function of a frequency.
Effective Patch Width (W)
Frings factor (ΔL)
Transmission line model formula:
22. Effective length (Leff):
Length:
The patch is actually a bit larger electrically than its physical
dimensions due to the fringing fields and the difference between
electrical and physical size is mainly dependent on the PC board
thickness and dielectric constant of the substrate.
Transmission line model formula(continued) :
23. The design and fabrication
process
included two case
SECOND CASE
Air-gap TECHNIQUE
First Case
SINGLE FR4 Board
1 2
25. Effective Dielectric Constant (εreff) is
W=26.33 mm
= 3.90
First Case (Single PCB-FR4 Only) as Substrate Material:
Calculations for Patch Antenna Dimension:
Width of the Patch (W) is
resonant frequency f° =3.5 GHz, dielectric constant for FR4 substrate is
εr= 4.3, height of substrate for Fr4 PCB is h=1.6 is the principle
parameters must be decided.
26. ΔL = 0.74 mm
L = 20.22 mm
Length of the patch is:
Fringing Field Length Extension (ΔL) is:
Length of the patch is:
29. By using the same formula for case 1, and substitute f° =3.5 GHz, εr = 1,
Air h= 2mm Will get
W=42 mm
ΔL = 1.41mm L =40 mm
Second Case (Air-gap with two PCB-FR4) as Substrate
Material
W=42 mm
ΔL = 1.41mm
Edge Impedance = 120.11
Position of the feed (21, 8.93)
Second Case (Air-gap with two PCB-FR4) as Substrate
Material
31. The ground plane is made of copper have thickness 0.07 for the patch
Structure of Design single patch antenna
Design, Simulation, Fabrication and Measurement Result
61
33. (Operating frequency and S11) Simulation of single patch antenna
S11 for single Patch Antenna Without
air-gap
1D Results:
34. At resonant frequency 3.5 GHz is exhibit S11 equal (-10.38 dB)
simulated by CST, the BandWidth (BW), the simulated BW is exhibit
36 MHz that become clear when using FR4 only without Air-gap have
narrow BW.
Bandwidth Simulation of single patch antenna
Bandwidth Simulation of Single Patch Antenna without air-gap
35. The plot displays some important properties of the coaxial
mode such as TEM mode type, line impedance.
Input impedance simulation with single patch antenna
2D Results:
Design, Simulation, Fabrication and Measurement Result
37. The ground plane is made of copper have thickness 0.07 for the patch
Structure Design with Air-gap technique
Design, Simulation, Fabrication and Measurement Result
2
38. Structure design simulation with air-gap technique
Structure design of Single patch antenna
using CST software
39. (Operating frequency and S11) Simulation with air-gap technique
2D Results:
Simulation Result for Patch Antenna
with Air-gap
40. At resonant frequency 3.499 GHz is display S11 equal (-42.87 dB)
simulated by CST, The BW that getting by using Air-gap that have value
is 96 MHz
Bandwidth Simulation with air-gap technique
Bandwidth Simulation with air-gap technique
41. Input Impedance simulation with air-gap technique
2D Results:
Design, Fabrication, Measurement and Result
45. Resonant frequency 3.5 GHz is exhibit reflection loss (-27.650 dB)
measured by VNA. The BW for MPA with Air-gap fabrication is (158
MHz), calculation is achieved by subtract the value 3.589 GHz of M3
from M2 that have value 3.431GHz.
measured microstrip patch antenna with air-gap results
Measurement
Parameter Measured MPA Results
Resonant Frequency (fo GHz) 3.5 GHz
Reflection loss (S11 dB) -27.650 dB
Input Impedance, (Zin ohm) 54.270 ohm
BandWidth (BW MHz) 158 MHz
47. Smith Chart display the resonant frequency 3.5 GHz and it exhibit
impedance matching is 54.270 ohm which is actually closer to the
50ohm.
The Smith Chart Parameter
Smith chart parameter
The parameter
measurement
Resonant Frequency
(M 1)
Frequency measured 3.5 GHz
Input Impedance measured 54.27 ohm
50. Comparison between the Simulated Result of the MPA without Air-gap
and simulated as well as measured results of MPA with Air-gap
Comparison Table of Simulated and Measured Results:
Parameter
Microstrip Patch
Antenna without
Air-gap
Microstrip Patch Antenna with
Air-gap
Simulated Simulated Measured
Resonant Frequency (fo GHz) 3.5 3.5 3.5
Reflection loss (S11 dB) -10.38 -42.87 -27.650
Input Impedance (Zin ohm) 46.16 45.63 54.270
BandWidth (BW MHz)
36
(1.02 %)
96
(2.74 %)
158
(4.51 %)
3
62. The spacer between two FR4 boards is cylinder wood material; the
diameter for the standing is 6mm.
Spacer between the Substrate
Layers
Spacer
63. FR4 Substrate Material:
The joining between the Fr4 substrate layers with spacing is doing by
SUPA GLUE implement at 10 seconds.
Supa Glue
Stick
64. Technique design with air-gap, use two FR4 PCB substrate each
layer have thickness is 1.6mm, the first board is consist of FR4
substrate have radiating patch but it strip from ground plane, the
second board is consist of radiating patch and ground plane separated
by FR4 substrate, the separation between two layers is air-gap.
FR4 Substrate with Air gap Separation
MPA with Air-gap technique
67. CST Microwave Studio:
Computer Simulation Technology (CST) develops and markets
software tools for the numerical simulation of electromagnetic fields.
CST was founded in 1992 in Darmstadt, Germany.
Select Template
Create a new CST microwave studio project after open CST design
environment.
CST Microwave Studio
70. CST Microwave Studio:
continue with the same thing by drawing the air-gap and second layer for
substrate-2, but only change the material in air-gap substrate to air from
material library list
The Air-gap with Two
Layers Substrate
CST Microwave Studio
71. CST Microwave Studio:
Draw the ground plane, this perform by choose the pick face and clicking
to the surface of substrate FR4-2 and pick to the surface of substrate
CST Microwave Studio
72. CST Microwave Studio:
By using extrude tool to create the ground plane for the second layer of
FR4 substrate.
Ground Plane
Extrude
Face
CST Microwave Studio
Ground Plane
Extrude
Face
CST Microwave Studio
73. CST Microwave Studio:
Construct the dual patch first is stacked patch antenna and the second
is the probe fed patch,
stacked patch antenna probe fed patch antenna
CST Microwave Studio
75. CST Microwave Studio:
Common Solver Setting: Define Waveguide Port
Wave guide port consist of add the excitation port
Solve →Waveguide Ports
Waveguide Port Excite Port
CST Microwave Studio
76. CST Microwave Studio:
Define the Frequency Range and Boundary
Conditions
+
Frequency Range Boundary Conditions
CST Microwave Studio
80. The VNA device is divided into two parts, the first is
screen and the second is control button. The screen
is used for display the graph, this graph represent
the S11and BW that will be measured and analysed.
The control button consists of seven sections
arranged from top to bottom and from left to right is
(TRACE, NAVIGATION, CHANNEL, SUPPORT,
DISPLAY, DATA ENTRY, SYSTEM). The start of
the frequency range and the stop span on VNA
device, its accomplished by selecting CHANNEL
section from control button. Then, checking the
resonant frequency and it was 3.5 GHz, and the
span 1 GHz.
Network analyzer
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