Meaning & Process of Learning
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Topic: Meaning & Process of Learning Student Name: Anasa Fatima Class: M.Ed. Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)" "Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
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Stimulus-response theories propose that learning occurs through associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. The three main theories are classical conditioning by Pavlov, instrumental conditioning by Thorndike, and operant conditioning by Skinner. Cognitive theories focus on mental processes like memory, problem-solving, and language that influence learning. Social learning theories emphasize that people can learn through observation of and interaction with others. Experimental learning theories propose that experience and reflection are central to learning new skills and concepts.
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Learning and its types.pptx
LERNING -
INTRODUCTION -
Learning involves a change in one’s knowledge or behavior that result from experience .
Definition -
According to Gardner Murphy 1968
The term Learning Covers Every Modification In Behaviour To Meet Environmental Requirements
According to Kingsley and Garry 1957
The learning is the process by which behaviour changed through practice or training.
According to Gates 1946
The learning is the modification of behaviour through experience.
According to M.L Munn
Learning comparatively is a permanent progressive modification of behaviour ,this is special process which results from observation or training.
NATURE AND CHRACTERSTICSOF LEARING -
- Characteristics/ Nature
Learning is a process
not a product.
Learning is purposive and
goal directed.
Learning is a continuous
Process .
Learning is Universal.
Learning is a life long process.
Learning generally involves some degree of permanence .
Learning bring changes in the behaviour .
Learning is individually process
Learning is transferable .
Learning helps in development of personality
Learning help in growth and development.
TYPES OF LEARNING -
Motor Learning:-
Our day to day activities like walking, running, driving, etc. Must be learnt for ensuring a good life. These activities to a great extent involve muscular coordination.
. Verbal Learning:-
It is related with the language which we use to communicate and various other forms of verbal communication such as symbols, words, languages, sounds, figures and signs.
Concept Learning: -
This form of learning is associated with higher order cognitive processes like intelligence, thinking, reasoning, etc. Which we learn right from our childhood. which is very useful for identifying or recognizing things.
VDiscrimination Learning:
Learning which distinguishes between various stimuli with its appropriate and different responses is regarded as discrimination stimuli.
. Problem Solving Learning:
It is higher type of learning ,this learning requires the use of cognitive abilities like thinking, reasoning.
Paired - Associate Learning:
In this type of learning tasks are presented In such a way that they may be learned by reason of their associations.
Attitude Learning:
Much of learning is based on attitude because of formation of attitude we show favourable or unfavourable responses to various objects.
. Observation Learning:
In this learning takes place by observing the behaviours of others ,this is the type of learning that occurs naturally and does not require any teaching.
FACTOR AFFECTING LEARNING -Learner Physical Health
Learner Mental Health
Environmental Factors
Physiological Factors
Motivation
Readiness and will power
Maturation of the learner
Learner Emotional Status
Nature of Learning Material
Amount of Learning Material
Learner’s Attention
Method of learning
Quality of teacher
Teaching Methods
Use of audio visual aids during teaching learning process
The Process of Learning
Topic: The Process of Learning
Student Name: Sehar
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (III)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Learning
The document describes two stories that convey messages about beliefs. The first story is about elephants that are tied with small ropes as children and, as adults, believe they cannot break free due to their false belief. The second story uses the analogy of holding a glass of water to represent stress - if stress is held for a long time, it becomes heavier and more difficult to bear. Both stories suggest that false beliefs can limit individuals and that stress should be addressed and not ignored.
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This document discusses several learning theories that align with the author's teaching philosophy of behaviorism. It describes behaviorism as focusing on how individuals respond to stimuli and can shape behaviors through reinforcement or punishment. The author believes learning occurs through both teacher-directed pedagogy and student-directed andragogy. While sensory theory notes the role of senses in learning, the author argues people can still learn without all senses. Overall, the document advocates for a behaviorist approach using behavior modification techniques and combining aspects of teacher-led and student-led instruction.
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philosophy of education
Education is a lifelong process that is important for both children and adults. For children, observing role models continuing their own education shows them how important learning is. The document advocates for developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education, where children learn through hands-on experiences rather than tests. It is important to incorporate movement and active learning to engage children's minds and prepare them to learn new information. The best interest of the child should be the guiding principle for educational methods.
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Game Sense approach in teaching Physical Education
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The document discusses five noncognitive factors that can improve student learning and achievement: 1) Academic Behaviors, 2) Academic Perseverance, 3) Academic Mindset, 4) Learning Strategies, and 5) Social Skills. It provides examples of behaviors for each factor such as attendance, time management, grit, self-discipline, sense of belonging, empathy, and study skills. The goal is for teachers to use one of these factors daily to strengthen noncognitive skills and boost student outcomes.
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Similar to Meaning & Process of Learning
PSYCHOLOGY_Unit_III.ppt
This document provides an overview of various learning theories including:
- Watson's behaviorism which focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal processes.
- Guthrie's contiguity theory which states that learning occurs through association between stimuli and responses.
- Hull's drive reduction theory which proposes that drives create arousal states that motivate learning.
- Tolman's purposivism which viewed learning as purposeful and involving cognition, not just responses.
- Kurt Lewin's field theory which examines patterns of interaction between individuals and their environments.
- Bandura's social learning theory which emphasizes observational learning and modeling.
- Vygotsky's social constructivism which proposes that knowledge is socially constructed through interactions.
1. learning process
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. It involves acquiring new knowledge, skills, and behaviors. Maturation refers to the natural growth and development of the body and mind that occurs with age. Maturation sets the limits for what can be learned at different stages, as learning requires a certain level of physical and mental maturity. The relationship between learning and maturation is interdependent, as maturation facilitates and sets the prerequisites for learning, while learning also influences development. Teachers must consider a student's level of maturation to determine what and when to teach for optimal learning.
Learning (Organisation Behavior)
this ppt is on learning in organisation behavior.
(Learning can be defined as the permanent changes in behavior due to direct and indirect experience.)
LEARNING
The document discusses learning from several perspectives. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. Learning involves acquiring new knowledge and modifying one's behaviors. It is influenced by factors related to the learner, the learning environment/materials, and learning experiences/methods. The key factors that impact a learner include their physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, social, and motivational characteristics. Active participation, reinforcement, feedback, repetition, and logical organization principles enhance the learning process.
Nature & types of learning
Presented By: MD. Monsur Rahman
MPT in Musculoskeletal Disorders
MM University,Mullana, Ambala
Concept of learning
Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. It is a continuous process that occurs through interactions with the environment from birth to death. Learning involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes and can take various forms including skill learning, perceptual learning, conceptual learning, associative learning, appreciative learning, and attitudinal learning.
Learning By Dr. Zafar Iqbal, Ph.D Education MEDIU
This document discusses learning theories and how to increase learning. It defines learning and provides theories of learning like behaviorism, cognitivism, social learning theory, and multiple intelligences. It also outlines laws of learning including readiness, exercise, and effect. Finally, it suggests ways to incorporate learning theories into classroom practices and increase learning through activities that appeal to different learning styles and intelligences.
Principles of learning
This document outlines principles of learning according to Dr. M. Deivam. It discusses that learning is growth through experience and mental development. Learning helps with adjustment to new situations through repeated experiences. True learning involves reorganizing experiences in an organized way. Learning must be purposeful for the learner to feel motivated. It should be intelligent and active, involving doing rather than just memorizing. Learning is both an individual and social process influenced by environment. Conduct and behavior are affected by learning through trial and error that provides insight.
learning_and_behavoir_modification.ppt
The document discusses learning and behavior modification techniques. It defines learning and discusses characteristics of the learning process. It also covers factors that influence learning like maturity, motivation, experience and training. Several theories of learning are explained, including Thorndike's theory of trial and error, Pavlov's classical conditioning theory, and Bandura's social learning theory. Behavior modification techniques like reinforcement, modeling, extinction, and time out are also described.
Learning
Stimulus-response theories propose that learning occurs through associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. The three main theories are classical conditioning by Pavlov, instrumental conditioning by Thorndike, and operant conditioning by Skinner. Cognitive theories focus on mental processes like memory, problem-solving, and language that influence learning. Social learning theories emphasize that people can learn through observation of and interaction with others. Experimental learning theories propose that experience and reflection are central to learning new skills and concepts.
Learning
Learning is a key process that results in relatively permanent changes in behavior. It occurs through experience and interactions with the environment. Learning involves both physical and mental processes like perception, encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. Several factors can influence learning, including characteristics of the learner like motivation, ability, and health, as well as teaching methods. Learning theories provide frameworks for understanding how and why learning occurs.
Learning and its types.pptx
LERNING -
INTRODUCTION -
Learning involves a change in one’s knowledge or behavior that result from experience .
Definition -
According to Gardner Murphy 1968
The term Learning Covers Every Modification In Behaviour To Meet Environmental Requirements
According to Kingsley and Garry 1957
The learning is the process by which behaviour changed through practice or training.
According to Gates 1946
The learning is the modification of behaviour through experience.
According to M.L Munn
Learning comparatively is a permanent progressive modification of behaviour ,this is special process which results from observation or training.
NATURE AND CHRACTERSTICSOF LEARING -
- Characteristics/ Nature
Learning is a process
not a product.
Learning is purposive and
goal directed.
Learning is a continuous
Process .
Learning is Universal.
Learning is a life long process.
Learning generally involves some degree of permanence .
Learning bring changes in the behaviour .
Learning is individually process
Learning is transferable .
Learning helps in development of personality
Learning help in growth and development.
TYPES OF LEARNING -
Motor Learning:-
Our day to day activities like walking, running, driving, etc. Must be learnt for ensuring a good life. These activities to a great extent involve muscular coordination.
. Verbal Learning:-
It is related with the language which we use to communicate and various other forms of verbal communication such as symbols, words, languages, sounds, figures and signs.
Concept Learning: -
This form of learning is associated with higher order cognitive processes like intelligence, thinking, reasoning, etc. Which we learn right from our childhood. which is very useful for identifying or recognizing things.
VDiscrimination Learning:
Learning which distinguishes between various stimuli with its appropriate and different responses is regarded as discrimination stimuli.
. Problem Solving Learning:
It is higher type of learning ,this learning requires the use of cognitive abilities like thinking, reasoning.
Paired - Associate Learning:
In this type of learning tasks are presented In such a way that they may be learned by reason of their associations.
Attitude Learning:
Much of learning is based on attitude because of formation of attitude we show favourable or unfavourable responses to various objects.
. Observation Learning:
In this learning takes place by observing the behaviours of others ,this is the type of learning that occurs naturally and does not require any teaching.
FACTOR AFFECTING LEARNING -Learner Physical Health
Learner Mental Health
Environmental Factors
Physiological Factors
Motivation
Readiness and will power
Maturation of the learner
Learner Emotional Status
Nature of Learning Material
Amount of Learning Material
Learner’s Attention
Method of learning
Quality of teacher
Teaching Methods
Use of audio visual aids during teaching learning process
The Process of Learning
Topic: The Process of Learning
Student Name: Sehar
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (III)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Learning
The document describes two stories that convey messages about beliefs. The first story is about elephants that are tied with small ropes as children and, as adults, believe they cannot break free due to their false belief. The second story uses the analogy of holding a glass of water to represent stress - if stress is held for a long time, it becomes heavier and more difficult to bear. Both stories suggest that false beliefs can limit individuals and that stress should be addressed and not ignored.
Understand what is Learning to help design Learning experiences.
The document discusses learning from multiple perspectives. It defines learning as the process of acquiring knowledge and skills through instruction and experience, which results in changes to individual behavior and thinking. Some key principles of learning discussed are: learning is activated by the learner; it involves discovering personal meaning; it results from experiences; and it is an emotional and intellectual process that occurs over time through cooperation with others.
Educational motivation lesson 1
This document discusses various topics related to educational motivation and the learning process. It begins by exploring different definitions and perspectives on what learning is. It then examines behaviorist, cognitivist, humanist, and constructivist learning theories. The document also discusses the concepts of intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation and how to motivate learning. Finally, it provides an overview of brain-based learning (BBL), including its core principles and implications for classroom environment and practice.
Early ChildhoodDevelopmental Task of Early Childhood.docx
Early Childhood
Developmental Task of
Early Childhood
• Initiative vs. guilt
• Children use their (boundless) energy and
developing motor skills and interests to
take the initiative in trying new things
• Develop sense of purpose
• Key
• Self-regulation. Must learn self-control
Self-Regulation in Early
Childhood
What is Self-Regulation?
• Processes where we manage or modify our
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
What is Self-Regulation?
• Processes where we manage or modify our
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
• Many different types of self-regulation
• Emotional, attentional, behavioral, cognitive (thinking,
concentrating, working memory)
‘To Do, or Not to Do’
• Sometimes self-regulation is framed in terms of
• Don’t regulation
• Stop ourselves from doing something that we want to do
• Do regulation
• Do something that we don’t really want to do
Examples of Practicing Self-
Regulation
• Don’t regulation
• Not hitting, not taking someone’s toy, not yelling or
running inside
• Not running away in store
• Do regulation:
• Cleaning up, eating vegetables, going to sleep
Why is Self-Regulation Important?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX_oy9614HQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX_oy9614HQ
Why is Self-Regulation Important?
• What did you observe the children do to not eat
the marshmallow?
• Why might this ability to ‘delay gratification’ be
important?
Why is Self-Regulation Important?
• Good self-regulationà Self-control or disciplined
behavior; lower impulsivity
• Aids social development
• Need for healthy social relationships, prosocial behavior
• Need for learning in school
Why is Self-Regulation Hard?
• Motivational system develops first
• Impulses are powerful and present at birth
• Energizes us to ‘approach’ (yum; curiosity) or ‘avoid’ (yuck)
• Includes emotions, fight/flight response
• Self-regulation system takes more time to develop
• Region of brain (prefrontal cortex; PFC) associated with self-
regulation develops more slowly
• The immature PFC is no match for impulses
Where Does Good Self-Regulation
‘Come From’?
• Self-regulation is a “muscle” that we can
exercise
• Practice – repeatedly over time – builds self-
regulation
• Eventually it is internalized and happens without
effort
What Influences the Development
of Self-Regulation?
• Biology (e.g., temperament)
• Parents
• Love: Child wants to comply
• Structure: Rules, limits are clear, consistent
• Autonomy support: Appropriate choices given
• Cognitive factors (e.g., memory)
• Nutrition
• Self-regulation takes energy (you need glucose)
External and Internal Regulation
As we develop,
External regulation à internal regulation
• External regulation = Structure!
• External: Coming from outside the child
• Adults assist in regulating behavior
• Internal regulation
• Child internalizes rules and can do it
themselves
• Still need structure, reminders
Studying Self-Regulation in Early
Childhood ...
Nature of learning
This document discusses the nature of learning and defines key concepts. It begins by defining learning as the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills through experience, leading to a change in behavior. Learning can occur through direct experiences or observing others. The document then examines definitions of learning from various scholars and identifies the basic principles of learning, including association, clarity, self-activity, readiness/rewards, practice, disassociation, timing, environment and transfer. It differentiates between rote learning, which involves memorization without understanding, and meaningful learning, which facilitates retention and transfer through relating new information to prior knowledge.
Nature of learning
This document discusses the nature of learning and defines key concepts. It begins by defining learning as the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills through experience, leading to a change in behavior. Learning can occur through direct experiences or observing others. The document then examines definitions of learning from various scholars and identifies the basic principles of learning, including association, clarity, self-activity, readiness/rewards, practice, disassociation, timing, environment and transfer. It differentiates between rote learning, which involves memorization without understanding, and meaningful learning, which facilitates retention and transfer through relating new information to prior knowledge.
Brain based teaching & Learning
This PPT is prepared to conduct a School-Based Professional Development for Irushadhiyya School Teachers
Similar to Meaning & Process of Learning (20)
Understand what is Learning to help design Learning experiences.
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Meaning & Process of Learning
- 2. Meaning And Process Of Learning Anasa Fatima Jafri Roll No : 05 - MA Assigned by : Dr. Amjad Ali Arain Faculty Of Education, University Of Sindh Pakistan
- 3. Meaning and Process Of Learning
- 4. What is Learning? any relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that occurs as a result of practice and experience Key Elements • Learning is a change in behavior (better or worse). • It is a change that takes place through practice or experience, but changes due to growth or maturation are not learning. • This change in behavior must be relatively permanent, and it must last a fairly long time.
- 5. Process Of Learning : • Learning is a complex process. • A learner learns because of need or interest. • it is continuous.it starts from birth and end on death. We can say when we learn something new when we are motivated.
- 6. • Process of learning starts from the brain. Brain has a major role in learning. There are hundred billion neurons in our brain. Every thought, every action, every memory is managed and stored in these neurons. Every brain in unique and uniquely designed. After brain • Motivation is the heart of learning. We do anything when we are motivated to do. After motivation • A learners physical or mental health is most important thing for learning
- 7. There are some main factors of learning listed below.. 1. Biological learning 2. Environmental learning 3. Cognitive learning 4. Cultural learning
- 8. 1. Biological Learning Biological learning is transferring information,skills,attitude,behavior from genes to genes For Example :- An intelligent father’s son will be intelligent as well A creative mother’s daughter will be as or more creative then her mother like her mother is
- 9. 2. Environmental Learning :- • What ever a learner learns from his environment is environmental learning. • It mostly includes observation and experiences intentionally or un-intentionally. • It can be done with or without instructor • We learn the good and bad of our environment .
- 11. 3. Cognitive Learning :- Learning requires cognition. Learning through mind is called cognitive learning. According to it … There are three steps of effective and long lasting learning . Attention Storage Encoding
- 13. • Attention If you are doing a critical task.it needs your full attention and because of your full attention the task happen great • Storage For making your learning long lasting you will repeat the task like if you are doing a chemical reaction experiment.you will repeat it.so you will learn it for a long time • Encoding For remember it easily you will learn it by doing its encoding like H2 O
- 14. •Cultural Learning :- Cultural learning is transferring information,skills,attitude,behavior from parents to kids and when the kids will become parents this will transfer to their kids. And this process will being repeated For Example :- 4 year old among the bushmen in Kalahari dessert are skilled at tracking animals and finding water-bearing roots in desert.
- 15. Culture
- 16. T H A N K Y O U