This document discusses the nature of learning and defines key concepts. It begins by defining learning as the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills through experience, leading to a change in behavior. Learning can occur through direct experiences or observing others. The document then examines definitions of learning from various scholars and identifies the basic principles of learning, including association, clarity, self-activity, readiness/rewards, practice, disassociation, timing, environment and transfer. It differentiates between rote learning, which involves memorization without understanding, and meaningful learning, which facilitates retention and transfer through relating new information to prior knowledge.

1. NATURE OF LEARNING
Dr. S.KRISHNA PRIYA
AMRITA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this presentation students will be able
 define learning
Explain the meaning of learning
Identify the nature of learning
Illustrate the basic principles of learning
Differentiates between rote and meaningful learning

3. Learning is the process by which an
• individual acquires knowledge, attitudes and skills that are necessary to meet
the demands of life.
• Ex: Burning candle
• The behaviour of an individual is thus changed through experiences. This
change in behaviour brought about by experiences is commonly known as
learning.

4. Meaning of learning……..
• Learning means change in behaviour or behaviour potential that occurs as a result
of experience.
• Learning can result from both vicarious and direct experiences. Vicarious means
observing someone and learning from that observation and not being directly
involved in the experience.
• For example, a child learns how to clap hands by seeing someone else do it.
• Learning also takes place through direct experiences. For example, a child learns to
write by practicing writing. A child normally learns from his parents, teachers and
the environment.

5. Definitions of Learning
Gardener Murphy: “The term learning covers every modification in
behaviour to meet environmental requirements.”
Henry P. Smith: “Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the
strengthening or weakening of old behaviour as the result of experience.”
Crow & crow: “Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge & attitudes.
It involves new ways of doing things and it operates in individuals attempts to
overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situations. It represents progressive
changes in behaviour. It enables him to satisfy interests to attain goals.

6. NATURE OF LEARNING
• Learning is Universal
• Learning is through Experience
• Learning is from all Sides
• Learning is Continuous
• It results in Change in Behaviour
• Learning is an Adjustment
• It comes about as a result of practice
• Learning is a relatively Permanent Change
• Learning as Growth and Development
• Learning is not directly observable

7. Basic principles of learning
• Principle of Association
• Principle of Clarity
• Principle of Self-activity
• Principle of Readiness (Motivation) and Principle of
Rewards (Satisfaction)

8. Basic principles……..
• Principle of Practice (or Law of Exercise)
• Principle of Disassociation
• Principle of Timing
• Principle of Environment
• Principle of transfer
• Principle of set or attitude
• Principle of clarity of objectives

9. What is Rote Learning?
• Rote learning is simply the storage of data in the brain.
• It does not require any understanding of the data being stored.
• Rote learning is a memorisation technique based on repetition.
• The idea is that one will be able to quickly recall the meaning of the matter the
more one repeats it.
• Memorization isn’t the most effective way to learn, but it’s a method many students
and teachers still use. A common rote learning technique is preparing quickly for a
test, also known as cramming.

10. ADVANTAGES OF ROTE LEARNING
There are some benefits of Rote Learning, including:
• Ability to quickly recall basic facts
• Helps develop foundational knowledge
DISADVANTAGES OF ROTE LEARNING
The drawbacks of learning by memorization include:
• Can be repetitive
• Easy to lose focus
• Doesn’t allow for a deeper understanding of a subject
• Doesn’t encourage the use of social skills
• No connection between new and previous knowledge
• May result in wrong impression or understanding a concept

11. WHAT IS MEANINGFUL LEARNING?
• Meaningful learning involves understanding how all the pieces of an entire
concept fit together. The knowledge gained through meaningful learning applies
to new learning situations. This type of learning stays with students for life.
• Meaningful learning is active, constructive, and long-lasting, but most
importantly, it allows students to be fully engaged in the learning process.
• Two important goals of all types of learning include retention and transfer.
“Retention” is the ability to remember the material at a later time. “Transfer” is
the ability to use prior knowledge to solve new problems. Students achieve
meaningful learning when both of these goals are fulfilled.

12. ADVANTAGES OF MEANINGFUL LEARNING
Meaningful learning helps students achieve success in the classroom by:
• Encouraging understanding, not memorization
• Encouraging active learning techniques
• Focusing on the outcome of the learning process
• Relating new information to prior knowledge
DISADVANTAGES OF MEANINGFUL LEARNING
The challenges associated with meaningful learning include:
• Takes longer to achieve
• Should be tailored for different types of learners

13. ROTE LEARNING MEANINGFUL LEARNING
Rote learning occurs from little
or no relevant knowledge of the
subject matter.
Meaningful learning arises from
well-organized and relevant
knowledge structures.
Rote learning calls for zero
emotional commitment to relate
new with previously known
information.
Meaningful learning calls for
100% emotional commitment to
relate new with previously
known information.

15. THANK YOU