ME6016 ADVANCED I.C ENGINES UNIT IV
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This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It provides information on the properties, suitability, and required engine modifications for using these alternative fuels, as well as their combustion and emission characteristics in SI and CI engines. Experimental results are also presented that compare the performance and emissions of engines running on alternative fuels versus traditional fuels.
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Advanced IC engines Unit 4
This document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used in spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, including their properties, suitability for engine modifications, and combustion and emission characteristics compared to gasoline or diesel. It covers alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It also discusses performance parameters like brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiencies, and emissions like carbon dioxide, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons for engines running on these alternative fuels.
6. alternative fuels
This document compares the properties and usage of various alternative fuels for internal combustion engines including alcohols, hydrogen, natural gas, and vegetable oils. It provides tables listing properties like density, heating value, emissions profiles, and toxicity for different fuels. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of using alcohols as well as production and storage of hydrogen as a potential fuel. It concludes that while hydrogen shows technical feasibility as an alternative fuel, further research is still needed in areas like affordable production, improved onboard storage, and safety.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils/biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and their properties, suitability for engine modifications, performance, and combustion emission characteristics. It provides information on using these fuels in SI and CI engines, discussing topics like alcohols having higher compression ratios than gasoline in SI engines, water-gasoline mixtures, hydrogen induction in SI engines, CNG in SI engines, LPG in SI and CI engines, biogas in SI and CI engines, and charts performance and emissions results for various alternative fuels.
Alternative fuels
This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It provides information on producing some of these fuels and their properties. When used in engines, some alternative fuels like alcohols have higher compression ratios and produce fewer emissions than gasoline but have lower energy content. The document also discusses modifications needed for engines running on different alternative fuels and presents data on performance and emissions of engines using various alternative fuels.
Alternate fules
This presentation is regarding alternate fuels and their future scope, for I.C. Engine and with that we try to achieve as low as possible gas emission, this presentation give brief introductory idea about fuels and their properties.
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The document discusses various alternative fuels to conventional fossil fuels. It introduces ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, hydrogen, compressed natural gas, and electricity as some of the major alternative fuel types. For each fuel, it provides a brief overview of what it is, how it can be used as a motor fuel, and some of its advantages and disadvantages compared to gasoline or diesel. The overall purpose is to educate about alternative fuel options and their potential to help address issues with conventional fossil fuels.
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The document discusses various alternative fuels that could potentially replace or supplement gasoline and diesel fuels. It notes that conventional fossil fuels are depleting and contributing to pollution and global warming. Some key alternative fuels discussed include ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils/biodiesel, natural gas, propane, and hydrogen. The document provides details on production methods and potential benefits and drawbacks of different alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Overall it evaluates options for more sustainable fuel sources.
Alcohol as an alternative fuel in s 2
This document discusses using alcohol as an alternative fuel in spark ignition engines. It outlines that E85 fuel is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline that can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. The document also discusses the properties of ethanol including its production from crops, blending with gasoline, use as an octane booster, and ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline. It notes both advantages, such as higher octane ratings, and disadvantages, like lower energy content, of using alcohols like ethanol as a vehicle fuel.
Recommended
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This document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used in spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, including their properties, suitability for engine modifications, and combustion and emission characteristics compared to gasoline or diesel. It covers alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It also discusses performance parameters like brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiencies, and emissions like carbon dioxide, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons for engines running on these alternative fuels.
6. alternative fuels
This document compares the properties and usage of various alternative fuels for internal combustion engines including alcohols, hydrogen, natural gas, and vegetable oils. It provides tables listing properties like density, heating value, emissions profiles, and toxicity for different fuels. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of using alcohols as well as production and storage of hydrogen as a potential fuel. It concludes that while hydrogen shows technical feasibility as an alternative fuel, further research is still needed in areas like affordable production, improved onboard storage, and safety.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils/biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and their properties, suitability for engine modifications, performance, and combustion emission characteristics. It provides information on using these fuels in SI and CI engines, discussing topics like alcohols having higher compression ratios than gasoline in SI engines, water-gasoline mixtures, hydrogen induction in SI engines, CNG in SI engines, LPG in SI and CI engines, biogas in SI and CI engines, and charts performance and emissions results for various alternative fuels.
Alternative fuels
This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It provides information on producing some of these fuels and their properties. When used in engines, some alternative fuels like alcohols have higher compression ratios and produce fewer emissions than gasoline but have lower energy content. The document also discusses modifications needed for engines running on different alternative fuels and presents data on performance and emissions of engines using various alternative fuels.
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This presentation is regarding alternate fuels and their future scope, for I.C. Engine and with that we try to achieve as low as possible gas emission, this presentation give brief introductory idea about fuels and their properties.
Alternate fuels ppt
The document discusses various alternative fuels to conventional fossil fuels. It introduces ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, hydrogen, compressed natural gas, and electricity as some of the major alternative fuel types. For each fuel, it provides a brief overview of what it is, how it can be used as a motor fuel, and some of its advantages and disadvantages compared to gasoline or diesel. The overall purpose is to educate about alternative fuel options and their potential to help address issues with conventional fossil fuels.
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The document discusses various alternative fuels that could potentially replace or supplement gasoline and diesel fuels. It notes that conventional fossil fuels are depleting and contributing to pollution and global warming. Some key alternative fuels discussed include ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils/biodiesel, natural gas, propane, and hydrogen. The document provides details on production methods and potential benefits and drawbacks of different alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Overall it evaluates options for more sustainable fuel sources.
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This document discusses using alcohol as an alternative fuel in spark ignition engines. It outlines that E85 fuel is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline that can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. The document also discusses the properties of ethanol including its production from crops, blending with gasoline, use as an octane booster, and ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline. It notes both advantages, such as higher octane ratings, and disadvantages, like lower energy content, of using alcohols like ethanol as a vehicle fuel.
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The document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process called trans-esterification. Biodiesel offers benefits like being renewable, less polluting, and providing energy security. It can be blended with petroleum diesel. The production of biodiesel involves mixing oils or fats with methanol and a catalyst, producing biodiesel and glycerin as a byproduct. While biodiesel provides advantages, it also has drawbacks like higher production costs and poor performance at low temperatures.
alternateFuels
Electricity:
-> electricity is mechanical power.
->they release stored chemical energy on combustion.
->Electricity used topower vehicles is commonly provided by batteries, but recently fuel cells are also being explored.
battery:
->it is device which is used to store electrical energy.
->in this chemical reactions are converted in to electrical powers
Advantages of electric fuel:
->The advantages of electric fuel/fuel cells are No tailpipe emissions.
->Vehicles using electric fuel demand less
maintenance.
->Electric fuel vehicle have less moving parts
to service and replace.
->Fuel cells vehicles are highly efficient.
->Fuel cells have high power density .
Disadvantages of electric fuel:
-> Batteries may take time in charging .
->Noble metal required for somefuel cells thereby increasing the cost.
->Impurities in the hydrogen can hamper cell
performance.
-> Costly technology
BIOHYDROGEN:
1slide:
->Biohydrogen is 1st generation biofuel and it is produced biologically
->Hydrogen can be produced from a number of different sources, including natural gas,water, methanol etc ..,
->Two methods are generally used to produce hydrogen:
(1) Electrolysis
(2) Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or partial oxidation
2slide:
Electrolysis:
-> 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
electrolysis of water diagram.......
3 slide:
Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or
partial oxidation:
.
-> C + ½ O2 → CO
-> CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
syntesis diagram.......,.
4slide:
Advantages:
->Hydrogen-air mixture burns nearly10timesfaster than gasoline-air mixture.
->Hydrogen has high self-ignition temperaturebut requires very little energy to ignite it
->.Clean exhaust, produces no CO2.
->As a fuel it is very efficient as there are no losses associated with throttling.
Disadvantages:
There is danger of back fire and induction ignition.
->Though low inexhaust,it produces toxic NOx
->it is diifficult to handle and store,requiring highcapital and running cost.
.
Alternative fuel - Bio Diesel
Requirement of alternatives of conventional petrol and diesel is increasing day by day with increase in pollution. To overcome this situation alternative fuel is best way of future fuel - It prevents pollution also clean burning properties as a fuel.
It is Modern Era of Fuel.
alternative fuels for automobiles
The document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used for automobiles instead of fossil fuels. It describes fuels such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, and electricity. For each fuel, it provides details on their production, use in vehicles, and environmental and performance advantages over gasoline and diesel. The conclusion emphasizes that alternative fuels generally have lower emissions and reduce dependence on petroleum. Comparing the different options economically and environmentally is important for determining the best short and long-term alternatives. Overall alternative fuels can help address issues like air, soil, and water pollution as well as global warming.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS ETHAOL &AND METHANOL
Generally the fuels which are sourced from plants or waste products and are known as alternative or bio-fuels.
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is also known as SVO – straight vegetable oil. It is not a bio diesel.
Bio methanol is the product of the trans esterification of vegetable/waste oil or animal fats.
Bio ethanol is mainly used in petrol engines to deliver higher performance and reduced emissions.
Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels.
Alcohol as analternative fuel
This document discusses E85 fuel, which is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. E85 provides higher octane than gasoline and can be used in flexible fuel vehicles that are designed to run on gasoline, E85, or blends of both. While ethanol has some advantages like reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages like lower energy content requiring more fuel. The document outlines the history, production, characteristics, and applications of E85 fuel. Countries like Brazil and the US are leaders in ethanol production and use E85 in vehicles.
Automotive System : Alternative fuel Over View
This document provides information on various alternative fuels including ethanol, natural gas, propane, hydrogen, electricity, methanol, and biodiesel. Ethanol is an alcohol-based fuel produced from starch crops or cellulosic biomass. Natural gas can be used as compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas. Propane is produced as a byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels, nuclear, or renewable resources and used in fuel cells. Electricity can power hybrid or electric vehicles. Methanol is made from natural gas or renewable resources and used in fuel cells. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, waste cooking oil, and can be blended with
Alternative fuels
Alternative fuels are fuels other than conventional fuels like gasoline and diesel. They include methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, and electricity. Methanol can be produced from biomass or coal and used in gasoline engines with minor modifications. Natural gas and LPG are cleaner burning than gasoline but LPG cylinders take up space while natural gas stations are limited. Hydrogen produces no emissions but is expensive to store and distribute. Biodiesel is made from plant oils and fats, has low emissions, and can be blended with diesel.
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This document discusses alternative fuels for spark ignition engines, including ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, and methanol. Ethanol is produced from crops like corn and can be blended with gasoline. Hydrogen produces no emissions other than water but is costly to produce and store. Natural gas and propane emit fewer pollutants than gasoline and are available now. Methanol can be made from various feedstocks and used in fuel cells. Overall, alternative fuels can help reduce emissions and dependence on petroleum but many require infrastructure and technology development before widespread adoption.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINE
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
Alternative fuel
This document discusses several alternative fuels including ethanol, propane, biodiesel, hydrogen, and compressed natural gas. Ethanol is produced from sugar or ethylene fermentation and is cleaner burning but can increase food prices. Propane is a liquefied petroleum gas that is widely used and produces fewer emissions than gasoline but has limited availability. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, animal fats, and greases and can be used in diesel engines but may not be suitable in cold temperatures. Hydrogen produces only water emissions but is expensive and dangerous. Compressed natural gas is safer than other fuels if spilled and produces lower emissions than gasoline but vehicles have higher costs and less cargo space.
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The document discusses several alternative fuels to gasoline including ethanol, electricity, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Ethanol is made from distilling crops like barley to produce alcohol that can be mixed with gasoline. Electricity can power cars through battery cells that store energy or fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen. Biodiesel is made from vegetable and animal fats and can be used directly in specially designed engines or mixed with petroleum. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells by combining it with oxygen or mixed with natural gas. Each option requires infrastructure like manufacturing plants, fueling stations, and distribution networks. The author concludes that biodiesel would be the best near-term option as it utilizes waste materials and is
What is an alternative fuel
The document discusses several alternative fuels including biodiesel, hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, electricity, liquified petroleum gas, and biomass. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats and can be blended with petroleum diesel. Hydrogen is the most abundant element and its environmental impact depends on how it is produced. Methanol is produced from natural gas and ethanol is produced by fermenting biomass. Electricity is readily available but electric vehicles are currently expensive. Liquified petroleum gas is a byproduct of petroleum refining and biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity or heat but produces air pollution.
Eco friendly fuels
This document discusses various eco-friendly fuels including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, biodiesel, electricity, and hydrogen. It provides details on what each fuel is, how it is produced, its environmental benefits compared to traditional fuels like petroleum, and current or potential uses. The fuels listed can have less environmental impact than traditional fossil fuels and some are produced from renewable sources.
11 17 Ethanol
Ethanol can be produced from grains like corn and wheat through a process of fermentation. Starch from the grains is converted to sugars and then fermented by yeast to produce ethanol. Producing ethanol from cellulose is more challenging as the bonds between glucose molecules in cellulose are difficult to break without expensive pretreatments. Research is focused on developing enzymes and other methods to more efficiently break down cellulose from sources like switchgrass, corn stalks, waste paper, and wood into glucose for fermentation. While ethanol can be used as a gasoline additive or alternative, it has lower energy density than gasoline and can cause issues in older engines not designed for its properties.
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Alternative fuels and their uses
The document discusses the increasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy needs and the finite nature of these resources. It states that approximately 90% of energy requirements are met by fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are expected to deplete within the next 200-300 years and few decades respectively. To avoid future scarcity, the document emphasizes the need to develop alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and biomass, which are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels.
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Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels other than conventional fuels like;fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural.
Approximately 90% of our energy are met by fossil fuels Alternative fuels are consumed to provide energy to power an engine.
Well there are a few alternatives:
Bio diesel
Natural Gas
Propane
Hydrogen
Methanol
Ethanol
Electricity
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Alternative fuels are needed to meet rising energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. India relies on imports for 3/4 of its oil needs. Biofuels like biodiesel from palm and jatropha oil and bioethanol from sugarcane offer alternatives. Algal fuels from algae lipids offer high yields without using farmland. Natural gas and biogas can fuel vehicles when compressed as CNG or liquefied, and have lower emissions than gasoline. Electric vehicles powered by batteries or hydrogen fuel cells produce no emissions but have limited range, though fuel cell vehicles could go further. Plastic and emulsified diesel also show potential as alternative transport fuels.
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The document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used instead of gasoline, including ethanol, methanol, natural gas, propane, and electricity. Some key benefits mentioned are that alternative fuels can be more environmentally friendly through reduced emissions, provide energy security by reducing dependence on oil, and some are more energy efficient. The document then goes on to describe properties and considerations for various alternative fuels like ethanol, natural gas, propane, and methanol.
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The document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process called trans-esterification. Biodiesel offers benefits like being renewable, less polluting, and providing energy security. It can be blended with petroleum diesel. The production of biodiesel involves mixing oils or fats with methanol and a catalyst, producing biodiesel and glycerin as a byproduct. While biodiesel provides advantages, it also has drawbacks like higher production costs and poor performance at low temperatures.
alternateFuels
Electricity:
-> electricity is mechanical power.
->they release stored chemical energy on combustion.
->Electricity used topower vehicles is commonly provided by batteries, but recently fuel cells are also being explored.
battery:
->it is device which is used to store electrical energy.
->in this chemical reactions are converted in to electrical powers
Advantages of electric fuel:
->The advantages of electric fuel/fuel cells are No tailpipe emissions.
->Vehicles using electric fuel demand less
maintenance.
->Electric fuel vehicle have less moving parts
to service and replace.
->Fuel cells vehicles are highly efficient.
->Fuel cells have high power density .
Disadvantages of electric fuel:
-> Batteries may take time in charging .
->Noble metal required for somefuel cells thereby increasing the cost.
->Impurities in the hydrogen can hamper cell
performance.
-> Costly technology
BIOHYDROGEN:
1slide:
->Biohydrogen is 1st generation biofuel and it is produced biologically
->Hydrogen can be produced from a number of different sources, including natural gas,water, methanol etc ..,
->Two methods are generally used to produce hydrogen:
(1) Electrolysis
(2) Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or partial oxidation
2slide:
Electrolysis:
-> 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
electrolysis of water diagram.......
3 slide:
Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or
partial oxidation:
.
-> C + ½ O2 → CO
-> CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
syntesis diagram.......,.
4slide:
Advantages:
->Hydrogen-air mixture burns nearly10timesfaster than gasoline-air mixture.
->Hydrogen has high self-ignition temperaturebut requires very little energy to ignite it
->.Clean exhaust, produces no CO2.
->As a fuel it is very efficient as there are no losses associated with throttling.
Disadvantages:
There is danger of back fire and induction ignition.
->Though low inexhaust,it produces toxic NOx
->it is diifficult to handle and store,requiring highcapital and running cost.
.
Alternative fuel - Bio Diesel
Requirement of alternatives of conventional petrol and diesel is increasing day by day with increase in pollution. To overcome this situation alternative fuel is best way of future fuel - It prevents pollution also clean burning properties as a fuel.
It is Modern Era of Fuel.
alternative fuels for automobiles
The document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used for automobiles instead of fossil fuels. It describes fuels such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, and electricity. For each fuel, it provides details on their production, use in vehicles, and environmental and performance advantages over gasoline and diesel. The conclusion emphasizes that alternative fuels generally have lower emissions and reduce dependence on petroleum. Comparing the different options economically and environmentally is important for determining the best short and long-term alternatives. Overall alternative fuels can help address issues like air, soil, and water pollution as well as global warming.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS ETHAOL &AND METHANOL
Generally the fuels which are sourced from plants or waste products and are known as alternative or bio-fuels.
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is also known as SVO – straight vegetable oil. It is not a bio diesel.
Bio methanol is the product of the trans esterification of vegetable/waste oil or animal fats.
Bio ethanol is mainly used in petrol engines to deliver higher performance and reduced emissions.
Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels.
Alcohol as analternative fuel
This document discusses E85 fuel, which is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. E85 provides higher octane than gasoline and can be used in flexible fuel vehicles that are designed to run on gasoline, E85, or blends of both. While ethanol has some advantages like reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages like lower energy content requiring more fuel. The document outlines the history, production, characteristics, and applications of E85 fuel. Countries like Brazil and the US are leaders in ethanol production and use E85 in vehicles.
Automotive System : Alternative fuel Over View
This document provides information on various alternative fuels including ethanol, natural gas, propane, hydrogen, electricity, methanol, and biodiesel. Ethanol is an alcohol-based fuel produced from starch crops or cellulosic biomass. Natural gas can be used as compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas. Propane is produced as a byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels, nuclear, or renewable resources and used in fuel cells. Electricity can power hybrid or electric vehicles. Methanol is made from natural gas or renewable resources and used in fuel cells. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, waste cooking oil, and can be blended with
Alternative fuels
Alternative fuels are fuels other than conventional fuels like gasoline and diesel. They include methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, and electricity. Methanol can be produced from biomass or coal and used in gasoline engines with minor modifications. Natural gas and LPG are cleaner burning than gasoline but LPG cylinders take up space while natural gas stations are limited. Hydrogen produces no emissions but is expensive to store and distribute. Biodiesel is made from plant oils and fats, has low emissions, and can be blended with diesel.
Alternate Fuels for SI Engines
This document discusses alternative fuels for spark ignition engines, including ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, and methanol. Ethanol is produced from crops like corn and can be blended with gasoline. Hydrogen produces no emissions other than water but is costly to produce and store. Natural gas and propane emit fewer pollutants than gasoline and are available now. Methanol can be made from various feedstocks and used in fuel cells. Overall, alternative fuels can help reduce emissions and dependence on petroleum but many require infrastructure and technology development before widespread adoption.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINE
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
Alternative fuel
This document discusses several alternative fuels including ethanol, propane, biodiesel, hydrogen, and compressed natural gas. Ethanol is produced from sugar or ethylene fermentation and is cleaner burning but can increase food prices. Propane is a liquefied petroleum gas that is widely used and produces fewer emissions than gasoline but has limited availability. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, animal fats, and greases and can be used in diesel engines but may not be suitable in cold temperatures. Hydrogen produces only water emissions but is expensive and dangerous. Compressed natural gas is safer than other fuels if spilled and produces lower emissions than gasoline but vehicles have higher costs and less cargo space.
IC Engine:Futuristic Fuels
This presentation gives a brief about IC engines and the fuels which can be used to power the vehicles of tomorrow.
Alternative Fuel
The document discusses several alternative fuels to gasoline including ethanol, electricity, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Ethanol is made from distilling crops like barley to produce alcohol that can be mixed with gasoline. Electricity can power cars through battery cells that store energy or fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen. Biodiesel is made from vegetable and animal fats and can be used directly in specially designed engines or mixed with petroleum. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells by combining it with oxygen or mixed with natural gas. Each option requires infrastructure like manufacturing plants, fueling stations, and distribution networks. The author concludes that biodiesel would be the best near-term option as it utilizes waste materials and is
What is an alternative fuel
The document discusses several alternative fuels including biodiesel, hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, electricity, liquified petroleum gas, and biomass. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats and can be blended with petroleum diesel. Hydrogen is the most abundant element and its environmental impact depends on how it is produced. Methanol is produced from natural gas and ethanol is produced by fermenting biomass. Electricity is readily available but electric vehicles are currently expensive. Liquified petroleum gas is a byproduct of petroleum refining and biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity or heat but produces air pollution.
Eco friendly fuels
This document discusses various eco-friendly fuels including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, biodiesel, electricity, and hydrogen. It provides details on what each fuel is, how it is produced, its environmental benefits compared to traditional fuels like petroleum, and current or potential uses. The fuels listed can have less environmental impact than traditional fossil fuels and some are produced from renewable sources.
11 17 Ethanol
Ethanol can be produced from grains like corn and wheat through a process of fermentation. Starch from the grains is converted to sugars and then fermented by yeast to produce ethanol. Producing ethanol from cellulose is more challenging as the bonds between glucose molecules in cellulose are difficult to break without expensive pretreatments. Research is focused on developing enzymes and other methods to more efficiently break down cellulose from sources like switchgrass, corn stalks, waste paper, and wood into glucose for fermentation. While ethanol can be used as a gasoline additive or alternative, it has lower energy density than gasoline and can cause issues in older engines not designed for its properties.
OAT- 551 Automotive System - Alternative fuel Introduction
This document discusses various alternatives to gasoline as vehicle fuels, including biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, and propane. For each alternative, the document outlines what it is, its benefits such as being renewable and lowering emissions, and practical considerations. The conclusion states that alternative fuels generally lower emissions and many are renewable, which could lessen dependence on petroleum, and that developing fuel cell technology will enable greater use of these alternative fuels.
Alternative fuels and their uses
The document discusses the increasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy needs and the finite nature of these resources. It states that approximately 90% of energy requirements are met by fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are expected to deplete within the next 200-300 years and few decades respectively. To avoid future scarcity, the document emphasizes the need to develop alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and biomass, which are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels.
Alternative fuel ( LPG & CNG , BIO-DIESEL & BIO-GAS )
Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels other than conventional fuels like;fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural.
Approximately 90% of our energy are met by fossil fuels Alternative fuels are consumed to provide energy to power an engine.
Well there are a few alternatives:
Bio diesel
Natural Gas
Propane
Hydrogen
Methanol
Ethanol
Electricity
D:\Semester\5th Sem\Ppt\Alternative Fuels
Alternative fuels are needed to meet rising energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. India relies on imports for 3/4 of its oil needs. Biofuels like biodiesel from palm and jatropha oil and bioethanol from sugarcane offer alternatives. Algal fuels from algae lipids offer high yields without using farmland. Natural gas and biogas can fuel vehicles when compressed as CNG or liquefied, and have lower emissions than gasoline. Electric vehicles powered by batteries or hydrogen fuel cells produce no emissions but have limited range, though fuel cell vehicles could go further. Plastic and emulsified diesel also show potential as alternative transport fuels.
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This document discusses alternative fuels and provides information about various types of alternative fuels including alcohols (ethanol and methanol), LPG, hydrogen, ammonia, CNG, vegetable oils, and biogas. It describes the general uses, properties, advantages and disadvantages of these alternative fuels. Specifically, it outlines the production, uses and key features of ethanol and methanol as motor fuels. It also discusses the general uses of LPG in applications like cooking, heating, cooling, refrigeration and crop drying.
Unit 5
This document discusses alternative fuels and provides information about ethanol. It notes that ethanol can be produced from renewable agriculture sources through fermentation and distillation of crops. As a motor fuel, ethanol can be used in low blends with gasoline up to E85. The document outlines some advantages of ethanol such as its renewable nature but also notes potential disadvantages like impacts on food prices. It also provides properties and details on the production and use of ethanol as an alternative fuel.
Diesel fuel learning module
This document provides notes and comments on a draft module about diesel fuel. It indicates that stock photography will be scheduled after other drafts are reviewed. The writer rearranged the draft to a new outline from the client, except for keeping "low sulfur diesel" and "ultra-low sulfur diesel" in their original section rather than moving them to alternative fuels. The writer also added a section on contaminants.
Diesel fuel learning module
This document provides notes and comments on a draft module about diesel fuel. It indicates that stock photography will be added after other drafts are reviewed. The writer rearranged the draft to a new outline from the client, except for keeping "low sulfur diesel" and "ultra-low sulfur diesel" in their original section rather than moving them to alternative fuels. The writer also comments that diesel fuel grades need their own heading. Finally, a new section on contaminants was added.
alternatefuelsppt-160818162548.pdf
The document discusses various alternative fuels to conventional fossil fuels. It introduces ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, hydrogen, compressed natural gas, and electricity as some of the major alternative fuel types. For each fuel, it provides a brief overview of what it is, how it can be used as a motor fuel, and some of its advantages and disadvantages compared to gasoline or diesel. The overall purpose is to educate about alternative fuel options and their potential to help address issues with conventional fossil fuels.
Alternate fuels ppt
The document discusses various alternative fuels to conventional fossil fuels. It introduces ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, hydrogen, compressed natural gas, and electricity as some of the major alternative fuel types. For each fuel, it provides a brief overview of what it is, how it can be used as a motor fuel, and some of its advantages and disadvantages compared to gasoline or diesel. The overall purpose is to educate about alternative fuel options and their potential to reduce pollution and reliance on depleting fossil fuel reserves.
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
6391865fda6c4.pptx
This document discusses using alcohol, specifically ethanol, as an alternative fuel for automobiles. It outlines that ethanol can be produced from crops through fermentation and blended with gasoline up to 85% in what is known as E85 fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles are designed to run on any mixture of gasoline or ethanol up to 85% and have sensors to monitor the blend. Some advantages of ethanol include its high octane rating and lower emissions compared to gasoline, though it has less energy content. The document examines ethanol's properties and suitability for use in flexible fuel vehicles as a renewable and domestic alternative fuel source.
Unit v-ME6602&AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
The document discusses the properties and production methods of various alternative fuels. It describes key properties like energy density, volatility, octane/cetane number, heat of vaporization, and flame characteristics that impact engine performance. Production of natural gas, biodiesel, and ethanol via dry milling is outlined. Engine modifications needed for different alternative fuels like dual fuel, bi-fuel, dedicated natural gas, and modifications for bioethanol and biodiesel are summarized. Performance of engines running on fuels like CNG, methane, methanol, hydrogen, propane, and ethanol is examined. Different types of fuel cells and their electrolytes are also briefly introduced.
Day 03 involvement of renewable sources in powering ic engine
The document discusses using renewable sources to power internal combustion engines. It describes various renewable fuels that can be used including biogas produced from organic waste, producer gas from biomass gasification, hydrogen produced from renewable electricity, and alcohols like ethanol from fermented plant materials. These renewable fuels can be used in internal combustion engines directly or in dual-fuel configurations alongside diesel or gasoline. The document outlines the working of engines using these renewable fuels and their advantages like reduced emissions compared to fossil fuels. However, it also notes challenges like some fuels having lower energy content than gasoline or diesel.
DIESEL ENGINE by using PALM OIL METHYL ESTER
The document studies the preparation and properties of biodiesel for use in diesel engines. It discusses the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats, and evaluates the performance, emissions, and efficiency of biodiesel compared to petroleum diesel in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results show that biodiesel has improved efficiency and reduced emissions except for NOx, but higher production costs and infrastructure needs compared to conventional diesel fuel.
Alternate Fuels
Alternative fuels can help reduce dependence on petroleum and lower emissions. Common alternative fuel types include ethanol, methanol, propane, natural gas, biodiesel, biogas, and electricity. Ethanol is produced from crops and can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. Natural gas and propane are cleaner burning than gasoline. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular but still have limited range due to battery capacity. Fuel cells that use hydrogen are also being developed but require safe and affordable hydrogen storage solutions.
U0 vqmt qyodm=
This document summarizes a study that tested the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of diesel, jatropha biodiesel, and ethanol. Ten different blends ranging from 90-80% diesel, 0-15% biodiesel, and 0-15% ethanol were tested. The engine's performance was evaluated by measuring brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons were also measured. Testing showed that most biodiesel and ethanol blends increased fuel consumption but slightly improved efficiency compared to diesel. Emissions varied depending on the load and blend, with some blends performing better than diesel in reducing certain emissions
eiew.pptx
This document discusses using alcohol as an alternative fuel for automobiles. It outlines that ethanol can be produced from corn, rice, potatoes and other starch sources through fermentation. Flexible fuel vehicles are designed to run on blends of gasoline and ethanol up to 85%. While alcohol has advantages like higher octane rating and reduced emissions, it also has disadvantages like lower energy content requiring more fuel consumption. In conclusion, finding alternative fuels to fossil fuels like alcohol will be important for reducing dependence on depleting resources.
Revised thermal notes
The document discusses various alternative fuels that can replace conventional fuels including ethanol, biodiesel, natural gas, hydrogen, and propane. It provides details on what each fuel is made from as well as advantages and disadvantages of each. Flexible fuel vehicles that can run on blends of gasoline and ethanol are also discussed. The document also provides an overview of how fuel cells work, the basic components of a fuel cell, and chemical reactions that occur at the anode and cathode to produce electricity.
Alchol As an alternative fuel for S.I ENGINE
This document discusses using alcohol as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. It outlines that crude oil and petroleum products will become scarce, so alternative fuels are needed. E85 fuel is discussed, which is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline that can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. The document covers the ethanol production process and describes the benefits of higher octane rating, cooling effects, and lower emissions of alcohol fuels compared to gasoline. Both advantages like reduced emissions and disadvantages like lower energy content are summarized. The conclusion is that finding alternatives to fossil fuels like alcohol will be important as crude oil is depleted.
k10998
This document is about conducting a comparative study of using different alternative fuels in a CI engine. It discusses biogas as an alternative fuel, how biogas is made through anaerobic digestion of organic waste, and the working principle of biogas in an engine. Experimental results showed heavy carbon deposition and corrosion from sulfur dioxide during combustion when using biogas. Advantages of biogas include being renewable, non-polluting, and reducing landfills. Disadvantages include needing more technological advancements and containing impurities. The conclusion is that biogas can be used as a primary fuel in CI engines without much modification and up to 80-90% of diesel can be replaced by biogas.
Alternative energy sources
The document discusses various properties of alternative fuels compared to conventional fuels like petrol and diesel. It covers energy density, volatility, octane number, cetane number, heat of vaporization, flame speed, flame temperature, auto-ignition temperature, flash point and flammability limits of different alternative fuels. The production processes of natural gas, biodiesel and ethanol are also outlined. Various engine modifications required for running vehicles on alternative fuels like CNG, biodiesel, bioethanol are described. Performance characteristics of engines running on these alternative fuels are discussed and different types of fuel cells are listed along with brief descriptions.
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ME6016 ADVANCED I.C ENGINES UNIT IV
- 1. UNIT I - ALTERNATE FUELS
- 2. ALTERNATE FUELS Alcohols , Vegetable oils and bio-diesel, Bio-gas, Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Hydrogen, Properties, Suitability, Engine Modifications, Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI and CI Engines using these alternate fuels.
- 3. Alternative Fuels • Alcohols • Vegetable oils • Biodiesel • Biogas • Natural gas • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) • Hydrogen
- 10. Alternative fuels in Engine
- 12. Alcohols for SI engines Alcohols having antiknock characteristic compared to gasoline because higher compression ratio of 11:1 and 13:1 to 7:1 or 9:1. Alcohol produces fewer harmful exhaust emissions. It contains about half the heat energy of gasoline per liter. A carburetor or fuel injector fuel passages should be doubled in are to allow extra fuel flow. It does not vaporize as easily and its latent heat of vaporization is much greater. This affects cold weather starting.
- 13. Alcohols for SI engines Water Gasoline Mixture for SI engine.
- 14. Alcohols for CI engines
- 27. Hydrogen in CI engine
- 28. Hydrogen induction in spark ignition engine
- 32. CNG in SI engine
- 37. LPG in SI engine
- 38. LPG in CI engine
- 39. Typical LPG propane fuel feed system
- 40. Bio gas in SI engine
- 43. Bio gas in CI engine
- 48. Schematic diagram of Experimental Setup
- 51. Performance of Alternative Fuels a) BP VS SFC b) BP VS Brake Thermal Efficiency SpecificFuelConsumptionkg/kW-hr Brake Power kW BrakeThermalEfficiency% Brake Power kW
- 52. Performance of Alternative Fuels Emission c) BP VS Indicated Thermal Efficiency a) BP VS Carbon dioxide IndicatedThermalEfficiency% Brake Power kW Carbondioxide%Vol Brake Power kW
- 53. Emission b) BP VS Nox c) BP VS Unburned HC NOxppm Brake Power kW Hydrocarbonppm Brake Power kW