This document discusses alternative fuels to gasoline such as alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It covers the properties, suitability, merits and demerits of these fuels, and any engine modifications needed to use them. Specifically, it examines using these fuels in spark ignition and compression ignition engines, and their effects on performance measures like brake power, fuel consumption, and emissions.

1. ALTERNATE FUELS
Alcohol, Hydrogen, Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas
and Bio Diesel - Properties, Suitability, Merits and Demerits - Engine
Modifications.

2. Alternative Fuels
• Alcohols
• Vegetable oils
• Biodiesel
• Biogas
• Natural gas
• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Hydrogen

9. Alternative fuels in Engine

11. Alcohols for SI engines
Alcohols having antiknock characteristic compared to gasoline because
higher compression ratio of 11:1 and 13:1 to 7:1 or 9:1. Alcohol
produces fewer harmful exhaust emissions. It contains about half the
heat energy of gasoline per liter. A carburetor or fuel injector fuel
passages should be doubled in are to allow extra fuel flow.
It does not vaporize as easily and its latent heat of vaporization is much
greater. This affects cold weather starting.

12. Alcohols for SI engines
Water Gasoline Mixture for SI engine.

13. Alcohols for CI engines

26. Hydrogen in CI engine

27. Hydrogen induction in spark ignition engine

31. CNG in SI engine

36. LPG in SI engine

37. LPG in CI engine

38. Typical LPG propane fuel feed system

39. Bio gas in SI engine

42. Bio gas in CI engine

47. Schematic diagram of Experimental Setup

50. Performance of Alternative Fuels
a) BP VS SFC b) BP VS Brake Thermal Efficiency
Specific
Fuel
Consumption
kg/kW-hr
Brake Power kW
Brake
Thermal
Efficiency
%
Brake Power kW

51. Performance of Alternative Fuels Emission
c) BP VS Indicated Thermal Efficiency a) BP VS Carbon dioxide
Indicated
Thermal
Efficiency
%
Brake Power kW
Carbon
dioxide
%Vol
Brake Power kW

52. Emission
b) BP VS Nox c) BP VS Unburned HC
NOx
ppm
Brake Power kW
Hydrocarbon
ppm
Brake Power kW