Requirement of alternatives of conventional petrol and diesel is increasing day by day with increase in pollution. To overcome this situation alternative fuel is best way of future fuel - It prevents pollution also clean burning properties as a fuel. It is Modern Era of Fuel.

1. ALTERNATIVE FUELS (BIO-DIESEL)

2. ALTERNATIVE FUELS
 Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials
or substances that can be used as fuels other than conventional fuels like;fossil
fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural.
 Apparoximately 90% of our energy are met by fossil fuels
 Alternative fuels are consumed to provide energy to power an engine.
 Well there are a few alternatives:
- Biodiesel - Methanol
- Natural Gas - Ethanol
- Propane - Electricity
- Hydrogen

3. BIO-DIESEL
What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel is clean burning alternative fuel source which is derived from
soybeans and animal fats.
Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel produced from a wide range of
vegetable oils and animal fats.
Pure biodiesel is compatible with most diesel engines and is commonly
blended with petroleum diesel it has same performance as diesel.
Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines.
Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with petroleum-based diesel
fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no modification.
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer.

4. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with
petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression-
ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications
Pure biodiesel (B100) is considered an alternative fuel under EPAct.
Butlower-level biodiesel blends are not considered alternative fuels
The Energy Policy Act of 1993 (EPAct) DOE currently recognizes the
following as alternative fuels:
Mixtures containing 85% or more by volume of alcohol fuel, including
methanol and denatured ethanol
Neat (100 percent) biodiesel has been designated as an alternative fuel by
the Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Department of Transportation
(DOT).
Biodiesel will release smaller number of pollutants (carbon monoxide
particulates and hydrocarbons) than conventional diesel, because biodiesel
burns both cleanly and more efficiently.

5. Biodiesel is made from animal fats or vegetable oils, renewable resources that
come from plants such as jatropha, soybean, sunflowers, corn, olive, peanut,
palm, coconut, safflower, canola, sesame, cottonseed, etc.

6. What bio-diesel is made from:

7. Benefits of Biodiesel
 High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units)
 High flash point (above +100)
 Good lubricating property
 Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons
 Low toxicity of emissions
 Virtually complete biodegradability (99%)
 Biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28 days)
 Zero balance of greenhouse gases

8. Types of Biodiesel Blend with Petrolium
0 50 100
B2
B5
B10
B20
B100
Biodiesel Petroleum diesel
 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100
 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5
 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20
 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2

9. Production of Biodiesel
 Production of biodiesel
by the regions of the world
70 % - EU
20 % - the USA
10 % - other countries

10. Advantages of biodiesel fuel
 Biodiesel fuel is a renewable energy source unlike petroleum-based diesel.
 One of the main biodiesel fuel advantages is that it is less polluting than
petroleum diesel.
 The lack of sulfur in 100% biodiesel extends the life of catalytic converters.
 Another of the advantages of biodiesel fuel is that it can also be blended with
other energy resources and oil.

11. Disadvantages of biodiesel fuel
 At present, Biodiesel fuel is bought one and a half times more
expensive than petroleum diesel fuel.
 Another biodiesel fuel disadvantage is that it can harm rubber
hoses in some engines.
 As Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the engine, this dirt can then get
collected in the fuel filter, thus clogging it. So, filters have to be
changed after the first several hours of biodiesel use.

12. Use of Biodiesel
 Biodiesel can be used pure or blended.
 Most common blends is 5% biodiesel, 95% diesel.
 Blends above 30% may require modifications in the engine.

13. Characteristics of Biodiesel from
different raw materials
Fuel Parameters BIO DIESEL
Flash Point 40-62
Cetane Number 42
Ash% 0.01
Sulphur Content mg/kg 02

14. Biodiesel Specification
PROPERTIES Diesel
IS 1460
Specification
Biodiesel
ASTM 6751
Specification
Proposed BIS
Specifications
(B100)
DATA B5 DATA B20 DATA
(B100)
Density
(g/cm3
)
820 to 870 NA 860-900 834.2 854.7 885.7
Carbon
Residue
(100%) %
mass
Max. 0.3 Max 0.05 Max 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01
Sulphated Ash
% mass
Max. 0.01 Max 0.020 Max 0.02 0.002 0.002 0.001
Total Sulfur, %
mass
Max. 0.25 Max 0.05 Max 0.005 0.02 0.04 NIL
Cetane
Number
Min. 48 Min 47 Min 51 50.4 54.6 56.6
Flash Point,0
C Min. 35 Min 100 Min 120 39.5 77 103
Pour Point deg
C
3 0
C NA NA -6 -3 NA

15. Bio-Diesel Vs Other Alternative Fuels
DIESEL CNG LPG METHANOL ETHANOL BIO-
DIESEL
VEHICLE COST 10 5 5 5 5 10
INFRASTRUCTURE 10 2 5 5 5 10
SAFETY 7 4 3 1 3 8
OPERATING COST 10 5 7 5 5 7
RELIABILITY 10 7 5 3 3 10
CUSYOMER
ACCEPTANCE
5 8 8 8 9 8
FUEL AVAIBILITY 10 10 5 5 5 6
FUEL QUALITY 9 5 10 8 8 9
PRICE
SUSTAINABILITY
6 8 8 6 6 6

16. How Bio-Diesel help the Environment
 In a blended state with traditional fuel it can lower emissions
such as a 20% blend lowers CO2 emissions by 15%
 100% Biodiesel can lower CO2 emissions by 75%
 Biodiesel produces fewer particulate matter, carbon monoxide,
and sulfur dioxide emissions
 It’s safe to store, handle, and transport cause of a high flash point
of 150 degrees Celsius instead of 77 degrees Celsius for
traditional fuels.

17. Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Gasoline
CNG
LPG
Diesel
Ethanol 85%
B20
Diesel Hybrid
Electric
B100
EMISSION OF DIFFERENT FUELS
B100 = 100% Biodiesel
B20 = 20% BD + 80% PD

18. Thanks
For
Attention…