This document discusses using alcohol as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. It outlines that crude oil and petroleum products will become scarce, so alternative fuels are needed. E85 fuel is discussed, which is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline that can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. The document covers the ethanol production process and describes the benefits of higher octane rating, cooling effects, and lower emissions of alcohol fuels compared to gasoline. Both advantages like reduced emissions and disadvantages like lower energy content are summarized. The conclusion is that finding alternatives to fossil fuels like alcohol will be important as crude oil is depleted.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
Generally the fuels which are sourced from plants or waste products and are known as alternative or bio-fuels.
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is also known as SVO – straight vegetable oil. It is not a bio diesel.
Bio methanol is the product of the trans esterification of vegetable/waste oil or animal fats.
Bio ethanol is mainly used in petrol engines to deliver higher performance and reduced emissions.
Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels.
Electricity:
-> electricity is mechanical power.
->they release stored chemical energy on combustion.
->Electricity used topower vehicles is commonly provided by batteries, but recently fuel cells are also being explored.
battery:
->it is device which is used to store electrical energy.
->in this chemical reactions are converted in to electrical powers
Advantages of electric fuel:
->The advantages of electric fuel/fuel cells are No tailpipe emissions.
->Vehicles using electric fuel demand less
maintenance.
->Electric fuel vehicle have less moving parts
to service and replace.
->Fuel cells vehicles are highly efficient.
->Fuel cells have high power density .
Disadvantages of electric fuel:
-> Batteries may take time in charging .
->Noble metal required for somefuel cells thereby increasing the cost.
->Impurities in the hydrogen can hamper cell
performance.
-> Costly technology
BIOHYDROGEN:
1slide:
->Biohydrogen is 1st generation biofuel and it is produced biologically
->Hydrogen can be produced from a number of different sources, including natural gas,water, methanol etc ..,
->Two methods are generally used to produce hydrogen:
(1) Electrolysis
(2) Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or partial oxidation
2slide:
Electrolysis:
-> 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
electrolysis of water diagram.......
3 slide:
Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or
partial oxidation:
.
-> C + ½ O2 → CO
-> CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
syntesis diagram.......,.
4slide:
Advantages:
->Hydrogen-air mixture burns nearly10timesfaster than gasoline-air mixture.
->Hydrogen has high self-ignition temperaturebut requires very little energy to ignite it
->.Clean exhaust, produces no CO2.
->As a fuel it is very efficient as there are no losses associated with throttling.
Disadvantages:
There is danger of back fire and induction ignition.
->Though low inexhaust,it produces toxic NOx
->it is diifficult to handle and store,requiring highcapital and running cost.
.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
Generally the fuels which are sourced from plants or waste products and are known as alternative or bio-fuels.
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is also known as SVO – straight vegetable oil. It is not a bio diesel.
Bio methanol is the product of the trans esterification of vegetable/waste oil or animal fats.
Bio ethanol is mainly used in petrol engines to deliver higher performance and reduced emissions.
Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels.
Electricity:
-> electricity is mechanical power.
->they release stored chemical energy on combustion.
->Electricity used topower vehicles is commonly provided by batteries, but recently fuel cells are also being explored.
battery:
->it is device which is used to store electrical energy.
->in this chemical reactions are converted in to electrical powers
Advantages of electric fuel:
->The advantages of electric fuel/fuel cells are No tailpipe emissions.
->Vehicles using electric fuel demand less
maintenance.
->Electric fuel vehicle have less moving parts
to service and replace.
->Fuel cells vehicles are highly efficient.
->Fuel cells have high power density .
Disadvantages of electric fuel:
-> Batteries may take time in charging .
->Noble metal required for somefuel cells thereby increasing the cost.
->Impurities in the hydrogen can hamper cell
performance.
-> Costly technology
BIOHYDROGEN:
1slide:
->Biohydrogen is 1st generation biofuel and it is produced biologically
->Hydrogen can be produced from a number of different sources, including natural gas,water, methanol etc ..,
->Two methods are generally used to produce hydrogen:
(1) Electrolysis
(2) Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or partial oxidation
2slide:
Electrolysis:
-> 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
electrolysis of water diagram.......
3 slide:
Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or
partial oxidation:
.
-> C + ½ O2 → CO
-> CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
syntesis diagram.......,.
4slide:
Advantages:
->Hydrogen-air mixture burns nearly10timesfaster than gasoline-air mixture.
->Hydrogen has high self-ignition temperaturebut requires very little energy to ignite it
->.Clean exhaust, produces no CO2.
->As a fuel it is very efficient as there are no losses associated with throttling.
Disadvantages:
There is danger of back fire and induction ignition.
->Though low inexhaust,it produces toxic NOx
->it is diifficult to handle and store,requiring highcapital and running cost.
.
A ppt on Alternative Fuels.
I hope this ppt would be useful for u all.
It describes the different types of alternative fuels which can be used in today's era
for saving the excessive consumption of conventional fuels.
Alternative fuels are also known as Non-Conventional fuels or Green Fuels.
This is a presentation on the emission norms present in India i.e Bharat Stage and in Europe i.e Euro. it also has a comparison between the two as well as a timeline of the two.
BS 3 vs BS 4
This video tells you about the actual differences which many people don't know.
This video include brief content of following topics:
1. Introduction to BS.
2. BS 3 vs BS 4
3. BS 4 fuel
4. BS 4 news
A ppt on Alternative Fuels.
I hope this ppt would be useful for u all.
It describes the different types of alternative fuels which can be used in today's era
for saving the excessive consumption of conventional fuels.
Alternative fuels are also known as Non-Conventional fuels or Green Fuels.
This is a presentation on the emission norms present in India i.e Bharat Stage and in Europe i.e Euro. it also has a comparison between the two as well as a timeline of the two.
BS 3 vs BS 4
This video tells you about the actual differences which many people don't know.
This video include brief content of following topics:
1. Introduction to BS.
2. BS 3 vs BS 4
3. BS 4 fuel
4. BS 4 news
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy 2013. Presentation from Session 8: What we have learned over the last year about balancing the gender scales in hydropower development.
It's a technology to generating the electricity by using fuel cell. It is being used now in automobiles, transport vehicles and others various fields. So it is a very effective technology for generating electricity. it has so many advantages and benefits.
This is my final year seminar presentation on HCCI Engine presented by me at SKIT, Jaipur.
This presentation contains a basic introduction of HCCI Engine.
Some of the contents are copied from various websites so some details are subjected to copyright law.
I am using these information only for the educational purpose
—In a laboratory experiment was conducted on
the utilization of Ethanol-Diesel emulsion in a single
cylinder direct injection diesel engine, a single cylinder,
water cooled, four stroke diesel engine was used. The
principal goals of the present work are to obtain emission
data and combustion characteristics for this type of Diesel
Engine, and to identify the ratio of Emulsion which is
effective in reducing emissions. Experiments were
conducted with emulsions viz (90%diesel + 10%ethanol),
(80% diesel + 20% ethanol), (70% diesel + 30%ethanol) as
fuel. While AVL smoke meter was employed to measure
the smoke density in HSU, the exhaust gas analyzer was
used to measure the NOx emission. High volume sampler
was employed to measure the particulate matter emitted at
the exhaust. The combustion characteristics were studied
using AVL combustion analyser. From the experimental
investigation it was found that the smoke, particulate
matter and Oxides of Nitrogen emissions were reduced
marginally. From the pressure curve and cumulative heat
release curve, it was observed that the combustion started
earlier and the rate of pressure rise increased marginally.
Experimental Analysis of Emission Parameters for Various Blends of Gasohol o...IJMER
In India, Ethanol is generally produced as a by-product of sugar is blended with petrol and was
tested for their use as a substitute fuel, based on their emissions. The main aim of this experiment is to
study the effect of various blends on the exhaust of the engine. The 99.96% pure ethanol was blended with
gasoline, solutions of gasohol (ethanol blended gasoline) with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% ethanol
blended in gasoline, volume per volume were prepared and tested on a 1000cc four stroke four cylinder
inline engine by a digital analyzer and on a 100cc four stroke single cylinder engine by standard PUC
norms followed in India. It was observed that E20 had the optimum readings of emission.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
Similar to Alchol As an alternative fuel for S.I ENGINE (20)
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
3. INTRODUCTION
In this century, it is believed that crude oil and petroleum products will
become very scarce and costly.
Day-after-day, fuel economy of engines is getting improved and will
continue to improve . Enormous increase in number of vehicles has
started dictating the demand for fuel.
With increased use and depletion of fossil fuels, alternative fuel
technology will become more common in the coming decades.
Because of the high cost of petroleum products, energy security ,
emission problems some developing countries are trying to use alternate
fuels for their vehicles
4. LIQUID FUELS:
Liquid fuels are preferred for IC engines because they are easy to store
and have reasonably good calorific value. The main alternative is the
alcohol .
ALCOHOL:
Alcohols are attractive alternate fuels because they can be obtained from
both natural and manufactured sources. Methanol and ethanol are two
kinds of alcohols that seem most promising.
5. E85
E85 is an alcohol fuel mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, by volume.
Ethanol derived from crops (bioethanol) is a biofuel.
It as a fuel is widely used in Sweden and is becoming increasingly common
in the United States, mainly in the Midwest where corn is a major crop and is
the primary source material for ethanol fuel production.
E85 is usually used in engines modified to accept higher concentrations of
ethanol. Such flexible-fuel engines are designed to run on any mixture of
gasoline or ethanol with up to 85% ethanol by volume.
6. HOW IS IT MADE NOW?
HISTORICALLY MADE FROM CORN AND OTHER STARCH SOURCES OR
FROM NATURAL SUGARS BY FERMENTATION
COMMON SOURCES INCLUDE RICE, POTATO, CASSAVA – PLUS CORN
AND OTHER GRAINS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS WAS VERY ENERGY-INTENSIVE, BUT IS NOW
LESS SO IN MOST MODERN PLANTS, DUE TO ADVANCES IN DISTILLATION
TECHNOLOGY
Ethanol
7. Closed carbon dioxide greenhouse gas cycle for biofuels.
Ethanol & biodiesel are sustainable forms of solar energy.
What about Using Ethanol for Fuel?
8.
9. BLENDING
Automobile fuels are “oxygenated” in order to reduce air pollution.
In addition, removal of lead from gasoline renewed interest in ethanol as octane
booster.
While E10/E15 is intended for all automobiles, a blend called “E85” is intended
for flex fuel vehicles. E85 can be as high as 30% gasoline in cold climates in
winter . The principle reason for blending some gasoline into ethanol for flex fuel
vehicles is to improve cold cranking in cold weather.
Ethanol is separated from the water in which it is produced via a process called
distillation. The distillation process does not remove all of the water. Having some
water mixed in with the fuel is actually improves performance of an internal
combustion engine, as the water provides extra mass to absorb the heat of
combustion and turn it into high pressure steam for mechanical energy.
However, water and gasoline don’t mix well , so the water must be removed when
producing ethanol-gasoline blends.
10. Power Making Fuel
Characteristics
1.Octane Rating [MON]
2.Burning Rate
3.Latent Heat of Vaporization
[kJ/kg]
4.Energy Value [MJ/kg]
800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
11. 1. Octane rating
Octane rating is a standard measure of the
performance of an engine .
Three common octane ratings for motor fuels:
Research Octane Number (RON)
Motor Octane Number (MON)
(R+M/2) method
800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
12. 800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
MON testing uses a similar test engine to that
used in RON testing, but with a preheated
fuel mixture, higher engine speed, and
variable ignition timing to further stress the
fuel's knock resistance.
(R+M/2) is the average of the RON and the
MON, called the Anti-Knock Index
RON is determined by running the fuel in a
test engine with a variable compression ratio under
controlled conditions, and comparing the results
with those for mixtures of iso-octane and n-
heptane.
13. 2. Burning Rate
The speed at which fuel burns and releases
its heat energy
There is less time for fuel to burn at high
RPM’s, so rapid burning fuel is a must in
racing
Peak horsepower (kW) and engine
efficiency are realized if fuel is almost
completely burned by 20 degrees after Top
Dead Center (TDC)
800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
14. 3. Latent Heat of Vaporization
a)Measures a fuel’s ability to cool the
intake charge and combustion chamber
b)Measured in kJ/ lt.
c)Higher rated fuels remove heat better
800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
15. E85 promotes better cooling:
Making the intake charge more dense,
thereby packing more energy (per
volume) into the engine
Helping to control detonation
Reducing temperatures in the engine
and oiling system components
800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
16. 4. Energy Value
The total heat energy contained in a given
amount of fuel – kJ/kg
Horsepower generation depends on “Net
Energy Value” - Equal to the energy value
multiplied by the amount of fuel that can be
burned
A fuel’s “stoichiometric” defines its ideal
air/fuel ratio
Lower stoichiometric fuels allow more fuel to
be burned which, in turn, increases the Net
Energy Value of the fuel
800-597-9747 www.iqlearningsystems.com
17. Ethanol and Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs)
What is a FFV?
• FFVs are specially designed to run on all ethanol blends up to 85%
• FFVs can use any mixture of gasoline or E85
• FFVs have fuel sensors which
monitor ethanol/gasoline ratios
18. Flexible Fuel Vehicle
Flexible Fuel Vehicles, also known as FFVs, are designed to run on
gasoline, E85, or any combination of the two. The “Flexible” nature of the
vehicle gives the driver the flexibility to switch back and forth between
gasoline and E85.
Ethanol contains more oxygen than gasoline. The vehicles come equipped
with an oxygen sensor which determines the amount of ethanol in the fuel
at any time. It provides this information to the onboard computer, which
then adjusts the engine to maximize efficiency and performance. The fuel
may contain anywhere from zero to 85% ethanol. FFVs are widely
available and include sedans, minivans, SUVs, and pickup trucks.
19. Utilization of Alcohol Fuels in
Compression Ignition engines
difficulties encountered:-
1.More alcohol fuel than diesel fuel is required by mass and
volume.
2.Large percentages of alcohol do not mix with diesel fuel,
hence use of diesel-alcohol blends is not feasible .
3.Alcohols have extremely low cetane numbers, whereas the
diesel engine is known to prefer
4.Diesel fuels serve as lubricants for diesel engine. Alcohol fuels
do not have the same lubricating qualities.
5. The poor auto-ignition capability of alcohols is responsible for
severe knock due to rapid burning of vaporized alcohol.
20. Alcohol Fumigation
Fumigation is a method by which alcohol is
introduced into the engine by carbureting,
vaporizing or injecting the alcohol into the intake
air stream. This requires the addition of a
carburetor, vaporizer or injector, along with a
separate fuel tank, lines and controls.
21. Fumigation has some following advantages:
It requires a minimum of modification to the engine.
The engine can switch from dual fuel to diesel fuel operation and vice-versa by
disconnection and connection of the alcohol source to the injector.
If an engine is limited in power output due to smoke emissions, fumigated
ethanol could increase the power output because alcohol tends to reduce smoke.
This is because of good mixing of the injected charge with alcohol.
Fumigation can substitute alcohol for diesel fuel. Up to 50% of the fuel energy
can be derived from alcohol by fumigation
22. It is a high octane fuel with anti-knock index numbers of
over 100.Engines using high octane fuel can run more
efficiently by using higher compression ratios. Alcohols have
higher flame speed.
It produces less overall emissions compared to gasoline.
When alcohols are burned, it forms more moles of exhaust
gases, which gives higher pressure and more power in the
expansion stroke.
It has high latent heat of vaporization which results in a
cooler intake process. This raises the volumetric efficiency
of the engine and reduces the required work input in the
compression stroke.
Alcohols have low sulphur content in the fuel.
Reduced petroleum imports and transportation.
ADVANTAGES:
23. Alcohols have low energy content or in other words the calorific value
of the fuel is less.
With equal thermal efficiency and similar engine output usage, twice as
much fuel would have to be purchased.
Even with the low energy content of the fuel, engine power for a given
displacement would be about the same. This is because of the lower
air-fuel ratio needed by alcohol.
Alcohol contains oxygen and thus requires less air for stoichiometric
combustion. More fuel can be burned with the same amount of air.
Alcohol is much more corrosive than gasoline on copper, brass,
aluminum, rubber, and many plastics. This puts some restrictions on
the design and manufacturing of engines to be used with this fuel.
Methanol is very corrosive on metals.
It has poor cold weather starting characteristics due to low vapor
pressure and evaporation.(E85 rectifies it)
DISADVANTAGES:
24. Extensive research and development is difficult to justify until the
fuels are accepted as viable for large numbers of engines.
Most alternate fuels are very costly at present since the quantity
used is very less.
There is lack of distribution points (service stations) where fuel is
available to the public.
DIFFICULTIE
S
25. CONCLUSION
I Would sum up the whole presentation into few lines saying that reducing
fossil fuels in the near future would be a great loss to mankind if we are not
able to find out any alternative for it and I found alcohol to be effective as it
can be produced easily and the flexible fuel vehicle will be proved to be of
great advantage.