This document discusses using alcohol as an alternative fuel for automobiles. It outlines that ethanol can be produced from corn, rice, potatoes and other starch sources through fermentation. Flexible fuel vehicles are designed to run on blends of gasoline and ethanol up to 85%. While alcohol has advantages like higher octane rating and reduced emissions, it also has disadvantages like lower energy content requiring more fuel consumption. In conclusion, finding alternative fuels to fossil fuels like alcohol will be important for reducing dependence on depleting resources.

1. ALCOHOL AS AN
ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN
AUTOMOBILES
Presented by,
yadhukrishna v s
Reg no:20050135
S5 automobile
Guided by carl joy
NIT

2. OUTLINE
o INTRODUCTION
o ETHANOL
o POWER MAKING FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLE
o ALCOHOL FUMIGATION
o APPLICATION
o ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
o CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
In this century, it is believed that crude oil and petroleum products will become very scarce
and costly.
Day-to-day. fuel economy of engines is getting improved and will continue to improve.
However, enormous increase in number of vehicles has started dictating the demand for
fuel.
With increased use and depletion of fossil fuels, alternative fuel technology will become
more common in the coming decades. Because of the high cost of petroleum products,
energy security , emission problems some developing countries are trying to use
alternate fuels for their vehicles

4. o LIQUID FUELS:
Liquid fuels are preferred for IC engines because they are easy to
store and have reasonably good calorific value. The main alternative is
the alcohol
o ALCOHOL:
Alcohols are attractive alternate fuels because they can be obtained
from both natural and manufactured sources. Methanol and ethanol
are two kinds of alcohols that seem most promising.

5. Ethanol
o HOW IS IT MADE NOW?
< HISTORICALLY MADE FROM CORN AND OTHER STARCH
SOURCES OR FROM NATURAL SUGARS BY FERMENTATION
, COMMON SOURCES INCLUDE RICE, POTATO, CASSAVA-PLUS
CORN AND OTHER GRAINS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS WAS VERY ENERGY-
INTENSIVE. BUT IS NOW LESS SO IN MOST MODERN
PLANTS. DUE TO ADVANCES IN DISTILLATION
TECHNOLOGY

6. Power Making Fuel
Characteristics
1 .Octane Rating [MON]
2. Burning Rate
3. Latent Heat of Vaporization
[kJ/kg]
4. Energy Value [MJ/kg]
&
5.Reduction in Green house gases

7. 2. Burning Rate
<• The speed at which fuel burns and releases its
heat energy
There is less time for fuel to burn at high RPM’s, so
rapid burning fuel is a must in racing
<■ Peak horsepower (kW) and engine efficiency are
realized if fuel is almost completely burned by 20
degrees after Top Dead Center (TDC)

8. ETHANOL AND FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLES (FFVS)
What is a FFV?
• FFVs are specially designed to run on all ethanol blends up to 85%
• FFVs can use any mixture of gasoline or E85
• FFVs have fuel sensors which monitor
ethanol/gasoline ratios

9. ALCOHOL FUMIGATION
o Fumigation is a method by which alcohol is
introduced into the engine by carburating, o
vaporizing or injecting the alcohol into the
intake air stream. This requires the addition of
a carburetor, vaporizer or injector, along with a
separate fuel tank, lines and controls.

10. APPLICATION
BRAZIL
World leader in production and export of ethanol. Ethanol
produced per day equivalent to 200,000 barrels of gasoline
24% blend ethanol mandatory. Competitiveness
Bio diesel initiatives underway
U.S.A.
Ethanol: a big boost to economy E85 sells cheaper than gasoline
Currently production aimed at 4.5 Billion gallons/yr
India
Sources of ethanol: Sugarcane, MolassesA Agricultural waste Low
average cost of Rs.18/litre projected Annual production capacity of
1.5 Billion litres

11. ADVANTAGES:
o It is a high octane fuel with anti-knock index numbers of over
100-Engines using high octane fuel can run more efficiently by
using higher compression ratios. Alcohols have higher flame
speed.
It produces less overall emissions compared to gasoline, c
When alcohols are burned, it forms more moles of exhaust gases,
which gives higher pressure and more power in the expansion
stroke.
: It has high latent heat of vaporization which results in a cooler
intake process. This raises the volumetric efficiency of the engine
and reduces the required work input in the compression stroke.
c Alcohols have low sulphur content in the fuel.
o Reduced petroleum imports and transportation.

12. DISADVANTAGES:
O Alcohols have low energy content or in other words the
calorific value of the fuel is less.
With equal thermal efficiency and similar engine output
usage, twice as much fuel would have to be purchased.
Alcohol contains oxygen and thus requires less air for
stoichiometric combustion. More fuel can be burned with the
same amount of air. Alcohol is much more corrosive than
gasoline on copper, brass, aluminum, rubber, and many
plastics. This puts some restrictions on the design and
manufacturing of engines to be used with this fuel. Methanol
is very corrosive on metals. It has poor cold weather starting
characteristics due to low vapor pressure and
evaporation.(E85 rectifies it)

13. Conclusion
I Would sum up the A whole presentation into few lines
saying that reducing fossil fuels in the near future would
be a great loss to mankind if we are not able to find out
any alternative for it and I found alcohol to be effective
as it can be produced easily and the flexible fuel vehicle
will be proved to be of great advantage.

14. THANK YOU