The document discusses several alternative fuels including biodiesel, hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, electricity, liquified petroleum gas, and biomass. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats and can be blended with petroleum diesel. Hydrogen is the most abundant element and its environmental impact depends on how it is produced. Methanol is produced from natural gas and ethanol is produced by fermenting biomass. Electricity is readily available but electric vehicles are currently expensive. Liquified petroleum gas is a byproduct of petroleum refining and biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity or heat but produces air pollution.

1. Claudia Pont

2. What is an alternative fuel? Alternative fuels , also known as non-conventional or advanced fuels , are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels , other than conventional fuels.

3. 1. Biodiesel It is produced from a wide range of vegetable oils and animal fats. Pure biodiesel blended with petroleum diesel can be used to fuel diesel vehicles. It is nontoxic and biodegradable.

4. 2.Hydrogen It is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. The environmental impact and energy efficiency of hydrogen depends greatly on how it is produced.

5. Hydrogen Transformation:

6. 3.Methanol Methanol is methane with one hydrogen molecule replaced by a hydroxyl radical (OH). It is predominantly produced by steam reforming natural gas to create a synthesis gas, which is then fed into a reactor vessel in the presence of a catalyst.

8. 4.Ethanol (E85) It is produced by fermenting biomass. It doesn’t contribute to greenhouse -gas loading of the atmosphere. It can be blended with any amount of gasoline in the tank of a flex -fuel vehicle. The main disadvantage of E85 is the price of the fuel, even with the available subsidies.

9. 5.Electricity Electricity is the most readily available form of energy in the UUEE. Electric vehicles have the potential to be the cleanest means of transportation. The biggest disadvantage of electric vehicles, at present, is their high price.

12. 6.Liquified Petroleum Gas It is partly a byproduct of petroleum refining. It consists of hydrocarbons that are vapors, rather than liquids, at normal temperatures and pressures, but which turn liquid at moderate pressures. It's widely available. In some ways the least "alternative" of alternative fuels.

13. Liquefied Petroleum Gas generator

14. 7.Biomas It is biological material from living. It is commonly plant matter grown to generate electricity or produce heat. Using biomass as a fuel produces air pollution in the form of carbon monoxide

15. Biochemical conversion

16. The End