This document provides an overview of Module 3 from an e-learning course on developing local assets and community strategies in post-disaster areas. The module discusses how engaging communities and using an asset-based approach can help disaster-impacted areas recover economically by developing community-based tourism. It provides examples of how Aceh, Indonesia was able to transition from a disaster site to a tourism destination by developing tsunami-related attractions. The module aims to teach how identifying and leveraging local assets can assist community recovery following a natural disaster.
What is Community Participation
Community participation, generally, refers to the involvement of people in any project to solve their own problems or to develop their socio-economic conditions. They participate in setting goals, and preparing, implementing and evaluating plans and programs.
Basically, it is a dynamic group process in which all members of a group contribute, share or are influenced by the interchange of ideas and activities toward problem-solving or decision-making .
Community Activities means activity in the community, undertaken by your trustees, directors, employees or volunteers. Activity of community is the Community work involved in local or neighborhood groups or associations, volunteer or unpaid worker involved in a non-profit, not-for-profit, just work for humanity. Activity of community is including the alert, response, emergency, and recovery for an individual, groups, society as well as community.
What is Community Participation
Community participation, generally, refers to the involvement of people in any project to solve their own problems or to develop their socio-economic conditions. They participate in setting goals, and preparing, implementing and evaluating plans and programs.
Basically, it is a dynamic group process in which all members of a group contribute, share or are influenced by the interchange of ideas and activities toward problem-solving or decision-making .
Community Activities means activity in the community, undertaken by your trustees, directors, employees or volunteers. Activity of community is the Community work involved in local or neighborhood groups or associations, volunteer or unpaid worker involved in a non-profit, not-for-profit, just work for humanity. Activity of community is including the alert, response, emergency, and recovery for an individual, groups, society as well as community.
Redefining Community Based Disaster Risk Management through Enhanced Early Wa...Mavic Pineda
This presentation was first delivered in ICKET 2014 held in Jeju, South Korea in July 2014. In the same month, the said presentation was echoed in Ateneo de Manila University.
Lessons Learned: Haiti Four Years After the Earthquake Kara Lightburn
Presented by Kara Lightburn, Executive Director of Social Tap, Inc on April 21st 2014 for the Yale Alumni Association of New York (YAANY)
Highlights our humanitarian model which has been developed over the course of the past 4 years being immersed in the Haitian society and our recommendations as an International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) in order to ensure access to services for those most vulnerable and marganalized while building the capacity of communities and local organizations based on asset mapping and mobilization to build sustainability and decrease the dependency of AID in Haiti. Areas for volunteer and civil society involvement are also highlighted based on reciprocal long term relationships and knowledge sharing.
Importance of connected communities to flood resilienceNeil Dufty
Floodplain risk management and emergency management will never protect all Victorian communities in all floods. There will always be some residual risk for communities, meaning that the focus will be on how they look after themselves particularly in large flood events. This self-ability to prepare, respond and recover will largely determine how quickly communities return to normal functioning – a measure of flood resilience.
There is a relatively large body of psychological research that identifies the factors determining people’s flood preparedness, appropriate response and effective recovery. However, according to research into disaster resilient communities, not only is the participation of individuals required, but also collective action. Several researchers have found that community connectedness (especially ‘social capital’) is a critical factor in the ability of a community to recover after a disaster.
Social capital has been defined as the ‘networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit’ (Putnam, 1995). Research into recent disasters around the world, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, has shown the benefits of social capital in providing resources for a faster and more efficient recovery. Some recent post-flood evaluations conducted in Victoria also indicate the importance of social capital in flood response and recovery. Research by the Victorian Department of Planning and Community Development has shown the need for social capital formation in building general community resilience across the state.
There are several implications of these findings for floodplain and emergency agencies including the need to work with community developers in state and local government to assess and strengthen community connections through social capital formation in flood-prone Victorian communities. This should be done as a preparation for flooding to enable the different types of social capital to work in communities during and after a flood.
Another implication is that community flood education and engagement programs such as FloodSafe should include content that helps people and communities learn how to form and use social capital as part of flood preparedness.
Needs for Disaster Risks Reduction Education in Nigeriaiosrjce
This paper reviews disaster risk reduction and the need to involve disaster education in educational institutions
curriculum for sustainable quality education. Disaster encompass serious disruption of the functioning of society causing
wide spread human, material, economic, or environmental losses which exceeds the ability of the affected community to
cope, using its own resources. Rising concern on disaster risks in all countries is evidenced in the number of major disasters
and the amount of losses sustained there-from have been on the increase. Framework of Action (HFA) stresses the “use of
knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience.” This paper advocates turning human
knowledge into local action to reduce disaster risks. The basic principles should outline the general objectives and scope of
disaster risks reduction at schools and educational materials to teach all stages of disaster risks reduction through quality
education.
Redefining Community Based Disaster Risk Management through Enhanced Early Wa...Mavic Pineda
This presentation was first delivered in ICKET 2014 held in Jeju, South Korea in July 2014. In the same month, the said presentation was echoed in Ateneo de Manila University.
Lessons Learned: Haiti Four Years After the Earthquake Kara Lightburn
Presented by Kara Lightburn, Executive Director of Social Tap, Inc on April 21st 2014 for the Yale Alumni Association of New York (YAANY)
Highlights our humanitarian model which has been developed over the course of the past 4 years being immersed in the Haitian society and our recommendations as an International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) in order to ensure access to services for those most vulnerable and marganalized while building the capacity of communities and local organizations based on asset mapping and mobilization to build sustainability and decrease the dependency of AID in Haiti. Areas for volunteer and civil society involvement are also highlighted based on reciprocal long term relationships and knowledge sharing.
Importance of connected communities to flood resilienceNeil Dufty
Floodplain risk management and emergency management will never protect all Victorian communities in all floods. There will always be some residual risk for communities, meaning that the focus will be on how they look after themselves particularly in large flood events. This self-ability to prepare, respond and recover will largely determine how quickly communities return to normal functioning – a measure of flood resilience.
There is a relatively large body of psychological research that identifies the factors determining people’s flood preparedness, appropriate response and effective recovery. However, according to research into disaster resilient communities, not only is the participation of individuals required, but also collective action. Several researchers have found that community connectedness (especially ‘social capital’) is a critical factor in the ability of a community to recover after a disaster.
Social capital has been defined as the ‘networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit’ (Putnam, 1995). Research into recent disasters around the world, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, has shown the benefits of social capital in providing resources for a faster and more efficient recovery. Some recent post-flood evaluations conducted in Victoria also indicate the importance of social capital in flood response and recovery. Research by the Victorian Department of Planning and Community Development has shown the need for social capital formation in building general community resilience across the state.
There are several implications of these findings for floodplain and emergency agencies including the need to work with community developers in state and local government to assess and strengthen community connections through social capital formation in flood-prone Victorian communities. This should be done as a preparation for flooding to enable the different types of social capital to work in communities during and after a flood.
Another implication is that community flood education and engagement programs such as FloodSafe should include content that helps people and communities learn how to form and use social capital as part of flood preparedness.
Needs for Disaster Risks Reduction Education in Nigeriaiosrjce
This paper reviews disaster risk reduction and the need to involve disaster education in educational institutions
curriculum for sustainable quality education. Disaster encompass serious disruption of the functioning of society causing
wide spread human, material, economic, or environmental losses which exceeds the ability of the affected community to
cope, using its own resources. Rising concern on disaster risks in all countries is evidenced in the number of major disasters
and the amount of losses sustained there-from have been on the increase. Framework of Action (HFA) stresses the “use of
knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience.” This paper advocates turning human
knowledge into local action to reduce disaster risks. The basic principles should outline the general objectives and scope of
disaster risks reduction at schools and educational materials to teach all stages of disaster risks reduction through quality
education.
Community based tourism is tourism in which local residents (often rural, poor and economically marginalised) invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. The residents earn income as land managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees.
Role of Civil Society in DRR Implementation of the SFDRR in the context of U...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
All non-governmental groups, associations and institutions that citizen form and join these includes
- religious organizations
- professional organizations
- charitable groups
- inter groups
Non-Governmental associations (NGOs)
What is livelihood?
What is Rural Livelihood?
Importance of Rural livelihood?
how to uplift the livelihood of Rural people?
Various measures to be taken to make the lives of rural people better
Mobility map
Overall information required for community development is mentioned in the slide.
Assignment for Social Mobilization
Done by: Dipa Sharma, Gaurab Neupane, Gresha Suwal, Hemant Sahani and Himani Chand
An Introduction to Resilience for Humanitarian WorkersShashanka Saadi
This presentation is a simple compilation of Resilience definitions, approach to understand resilience and indicators use to identify resilience. This will be helpful for humanitarian workers to get a overview of the resilience concept quickly. A list of reference given in the last slide for further reading.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES
1. Restoring Disaster Areas through
Community based Tourism Youth-Led
E-LEARNING COURSE
MODULE N. 3
TITLE OF THE MODULE: «LOCAL ASSETS AND
COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN
POST DISASTER AREAS»
2. Contents Index
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
◼ 1. Module Description
◼ 2. Module Objectives
◼ 3. Local Assets & Community Strategies Development in Post Disaster Areas
◼ 3.1 Introduction-Tourism and the Economy
• 3.2 Community Engagement & Development Strategies
• 3.3 Outcomes of Community Engagement & Development Strategies in Recovery from Disaster
• 3.4 Asset Based Community Development (ABCD)
• 3.5 Asset Based Approach
• 3.6 A case study of Aceh, Indonesia
• 3.7 Terminology- General Information
◼ 4. Module References
3. ◼ 1. Module Description
◼ Climate hazards and other natural and biological disasters have always existed. However, currently, we are unfortunately witnessing at a
higher frequency, large scale natural disasters such as: pandemics, hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, floods, high winds, tsunamis, etc.
mostly due to climate change. Recently, years we have seen numerous devastating natural disasters in many parts of the world. These
natural and man-made catastrophes have a negative impact on the environment and human life as millions of people lose their loved
ones, their homes and livelihood.
◼ Tourist destinations hit by natural disasters are severely affected as they suffer from damage to infrastructure and facilities, negative
destination images, and a difficult time of recovery. This results in long-term adverse consequences for the destination and the local
population. It is very difficult for the local communities to bounce back and re-attract visitors. Disaster recovery is not an easy process
however, it is not impossible. The term “recovery” has long been associated with returning communities to pre-disaster conditions and
status.
Cyclones Floods-Medicanes Wildfires
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
4. ◼ 1. Module Description
◼ In this module the trainees will learn about local community approaches & assets that could be used in
order to achieve disaster recovery mainly in the tourist sector and how community development
strategies can help communities emerge from traumatic events and “reconnect” with social and
economic activity to build resilience and touristic development.
Earthquakes
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
5. ◼
◼ 2. Module Objetives
The main objective of this module is the identification and valorization of local community assets that
could be used in order to achieve sustainable community based tourism that will benefit local communities
of disaster areas.
The basic questions that the module attempts answer are the following:
◼ Can local assets help a community recover from a natural disaster?
◼ How is this possible?
◼ What is asset-based community development?
◼ How can local community development strategies considering assets benefit a post disaster area?
◼ What are the outcomes of community engagement & development strategies in recovery from disaster?
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
6. ◼ 3. Local Assets & Community Strategies Development in Post Disaster Areas
◼3.1 Introduction- Tourism and the Economy
The tourism sector plays an important role for the success of economies globally. Tourism creates many jobs, develops the
infrastructures of a district, and promotes cultural exchange between tourists/foreigners and the locals. It creates jobs in
numerus sectors such as: the agricultural sector, communication sector, health sector, and therefore the educational
sector. Many tourists travel to experience different cultures, different traditions and gastronomy. This is a very good
opportunity for tourists to learn about new cultures creating many opportunities for the locals, since it allows young
entrepreneurs to determine new products or services that would not be sustainable on the local population alone.
Thus, when a disaster hits a destination, the tourism sector and consequently the destination’s economy are greatly
affected. Apart from potential loss of lives and the physical damage, there is also a major economic risk. Natural disasters
have a negative impact on the tourism industry and the economy it supports. The tourism sector is very vulnerable to
disasters as tourists avoid areas affected by such devastating events.
So, how can a community of a post disaster area recover? How can the touristic sector restart?
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
7. ◼3.2 Community Engagement & Development Strategies
Many things can impact a community and its development process. Disasters are among the
significant and most damaging ones and as already mentioned they happen more and more
often. They are serious events that communities need to address. Upon adopting community
development strategies, disasters are usually viewed by the community as a catalyst for the
rebuilding of a post- disaster area.
Community Engagement for Disaster Resilience includes the principles, approaches and main
elements of effective community engagement that could be applied: before, during or after the
event.
A community may be engaged in simultaneous actions for disaster prevention, preparedness,
response and recovery and an individual, group, organisation or agency may instigate the
engagement, whether it’s a governmental, non-governmental, an onginiastaion from the
private sector, a volunteer group, an NGO, etc.
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
8. ◼3.3 Outcomes of Community Engagement & Development Strategies in Recovery from Disaster
The key outcomes of effective implementation of community development in recovery from disaster which contribute to the
empowerment of individuals and communities affected by disaster are:
Informed Community: a community that is informed and aware through provision of timely and accurate information.
Access to Services & Facilities: locals and groups have access to appropriate services, facilities and resources.
Sense of Community Safety: a community in which people feel safe in their daily lives.
Healthy Community: a community living and promoting healthy lifestyles, through its primary health care system,
preventative health measures and environmental practices.
Participation in Community Life: a community where the development of cooperative partnerships is encouraged and
promoted.
Sense of Belonging: pride, care and involvement in the unique, distinct physical, social and cultural characteristics of a
community.
Community Cohesion: the capacity of a community to work together with respect for differences among people.
Community Identity: expression of the life and character of a community through elements of tradition, culture and history.
Economic Recovery: development of a community’s economic capacity.
Emergency Management Australia. “Community Development in Recovery from Disaster” (2003)
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
9. ◼3.4 Asset Based Community Development (ADCD)
Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) is an approach to sustainable community-driven
development. It builds on the assets found in the community and mobilizes individuals, associations, and
institutions to come together to realize and develop their strengths.
The key aspects of ABCD are:
1. Asset Based Approach
2. Deficit Based vs Asset Based Comparison
3. Power of Associations/Groups
4. Principles for facilitating Asset Based Community Development
5. Asset Based Community Development in Practice
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
10. ◼3.5 Asset Based Approach
When applying ABCD principles the communities are not considered to be complex masses of needs
and problems, but rather diverse and capable webs of gifts and assets. ABCD concentrates on the
assets identified by individuals, associations and institutions that form the specific community.
Asset Based Community Development categorizes asset inventories into 5 groups:
1. Individuals,
2. Associations,
3. Institutions,
4. Place Based and
5. Connections
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
11. 1.INDIVIDUALS: We all have gifts and skills. Individual gifts and assets need to be recognized and identified. In community
development you cannot do anything with people’s needs, only their assets. Deficits or needs are only useful to institutions.
2.ASSOCIATIONS: Small informal groups of people, such as clubs/groups, working with a common interest as volunteers which are
critical to community mobilization. They don’t control anything; they are just coming together around a common interest by their
individual choice.
3.INSTITUTIONS: Paid groups of people that are generally professionals who are structurally organized are called institutions. They
include government agencies and private business, as well as schools, etc. They can all be valuable resources. The assets of these
institutions help the community capture valuable resources and establish a sense of civic responsibility.
4. PLACE BASED ASSETS: Land, buildings, heritage, public and green spaces are all examples of assets for the community. Every
place where people choose to be was chosen for good reasons, and whilst people remain those reasons remain. A place might be a
centre of natural resources, a hub of activity, living skills, transit connection or marketplace. Whatever the strengths of a place are,
the people of the community will be the closest to understanding it.
5. CONNECTIONS: exchange between people sharing their gifts and assets creates connections, and these connections are an
important asset to the community. It takes time to find out about individuals; this is normally done through building relationships,
person by person. The social relationships, networks and trust form the social capital of a community. ABCD recognizes the value of
these assets, and is a practical application of building relationships to increase social capital.
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
12. ◼3.6 Can post-disaster tourism development improve
destination livelihoods? A case study of Aceh, Indonesia
◼Aceh is a destination that had been struck by a severe natural disaster
and developed tsunami tourism as a strategy to recover.
◼The Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami hit Aceh in December
2004, killing over 160,000 people and destroying the coastal
infrastructure
◼In 2005 there was a decrease of 300,000 visitors to Indonesia
compared to the year before the tsunami.
◼Aceh has recovered from the natural disaster, with its continuous
disaster relief effort as well as global assistance from various parties such
as NGOs, militaries, and private companies.
◼Although tourism was not a traditional industry in Aceh, the rapid
development of tsunami tourism has made it a new crucial economic
sector in the aftermath of the disaster (post disaster dark tourism).
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
13. ◼Aceh, Indonesia
◼Aceh has developed several prominent tsunami-related
sites, such as the Aceh Tsunami Museum, the Tsunami
Educational Park, the Tsunami Inundation Monuments, and
the “Aceh Thanks the World” Memorial Park. These sites
have become tourist attractions and stimulated the further
development of post-disaster tourism in Aceh, or regionally
known better as “tsunami tourism”.
◼Aceh developed from a disaster site to a popular
destination, boasting various attractions ranging from beach,
cultural attractions, tsunami tourism attraction, to marine
activities.
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
14. ◼ 3. 7 Terminology-General Information
◼ Community:
Community is defined as “a group of people who live in the same area (such as a city, town, or
neighborhood)”. It is a group of people who may or may not have the same interests, religion, race, etc..
In other words, a community is considered as an interacting population of different individuals in a
common location. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
◼ Local assets:
Local assets are a broad range of things that contribute positively to a community. They are the
collective resources which individuals and communities have at their disposal.
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
15. ◼ 3.7 Terminology-General Information
◼ What could be considered as disasters?
∙ Natural disasters
∙ Biological disasters
∙ Economic disaster (economic crisis)
◼ Natural disaster is “a sudden and violent event in nature (such as an earthquake, hurricane, or flood) that kills a lot
of people or causes a lot of damage” (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary). Natural disasters are catastrophic
events with atmospheric, geological, and hydrological origins that usually cause fatalities, property damage and
social environmental disruption. (International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2016). They are often unexpected
and can leave the communities in shock.
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
16. ◼ 3.7 Terminology-General Information
Categories-grouping of natural disasters:
◼ Geographical disasters:
• Earthquakes, Tsunamis
• Volcanic eruptions
• Avalanches, Landslides, Rockfalls
◼ Hydrological disasters:
• Floods (river & coastal floods, avalanches, landslides, rockfalls)
◼ Meteorological-Climatological disasters:
• Tropical storms, Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Cyclones, Typhoons, Thunderstorms
• Extreme temperatures(heat & cold waves)
• Droughts
• Blizzards/Snowstorms, Hailstorms, Ice storms (freezing rain),
Sandstorms/Dust storms
• Wildfires
◼ Biological disasters:
• Epidemics/Pandemics (infectious diseases
i.e. COVID-19)
• Insect infestation (grasshopper, worm)
LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
17. LOCAL ASSETS AND COMMUNITY STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT IN POST DISASTER AREAS
◼ 4. References
1.Aditha Agung Prakoso, Eugenius Pradipto , Muhammad Sani Roychansyah , Bima Setya Nugraha. (2021). Community-based tourism: concepts,
opportunities and challenges. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE) ISSN 2714-6480, Vol 2, No 2, 2020, 95-107
https://www.goodwoodpub.com/index.php/JoSTE/article/view/563
2.Department of Regional Development and Environment Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs General Secretariat, Organization of
American. States. The Financing Requirements of Nature and Heritage Tourism in the Caribbean http://www.oas.org/
3.Australian government-Australian Institute of Family Studies https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/
4.Helen Scott, Bruce Smith and Birgit Schaedler. Disaster recovery towards resilience: contributions of an assets-based community development
approach, Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Volume 33, No. 1, January 2018
5.TRANSFORM, the Transnational Partnership on Integrated Community Care. ASSET BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
https://transform-integratedcommunitycare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ABCD-paper_v03C.pdf
6.Nurture Development / Asset Based Community Development (ABCD).(2018 )
https://www.nurturedevelopment.org/asset-based-community-development/
7.B. Liu-Lastres, D. Mariska, X. Tan, T. Ying. Can post-disaster tourism development improve destination livelihoods? A case study of Aceh, Indonesia.
(2020) vol.18. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.
