This document summarizes key concepts around vulnerability and emergency management planning from several sources. It discusses how social, economic, and political factors influence vulnerability. Groups with fewer resources like the poor, elderly, women and children are more vulnerable to natural hazards. Assets like wealth, social networks, and insurance help with coping and recovery. The document also introduces the social vulnerability index to map vulnerable communities and tailor emergency responses. Lastly, it discusses debates around prioritizing vulnerability reduction based on wealth or rights.
Mitigation Of What And By What PresentationfinalLn Perch
Presentation of Draft Final findings from Research Paper on Mitigation of What and Adaptation by Whom. Presented at DevNet Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, November 2010
Mitigation Of What And By What PresentationfinalLn Perch
Presentation of Draft Final findings from Research Paper on Mitigation of What and Adaptation by Whom. Presented at DevNet Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, November 2010
An Introduction to Resilience for Humanitarian WorkersShashanka Saadi
This presentation is a simple compilation of Resilience definitions, approach to understand resilience and indicators use to identify resilience. This will be helpful for humanitarian workers to get a overview of the resilience concept quickly. A list of reference given in the last slide for further reading.
Investigating Issues and Challenges of Microcredit as a Financial Empowermen...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Beyond the traditional humanitarian aid modelSarah King
Humanitarian aid has long been dominated by a classical paradigm based on ethics around humanitarian principles, centred on international humanitarian UN agencies and NGOs. In recent years this has been paralleled by a resilience paradigm, focused more on local people and institutions as the first responders to crisis. Whereas classical humanitarianism is rooted in the notion of exceptionalism, resilience humanitarianism starts from the idea of crisis as the new normality.
In this Sussex Development Lecture Thea Hilhorst discusses these paradigms and the different images they evoke about crises, local institutions and the recipients of aid.
Thea Hilhorst, Professor of Humanitarian Aid and Reconstruction, Institute of Socail, Erasmus University
Alternate livelihood income plan for vulnerability reduction through communit...Premier Publishers
The occurrence of natural disasters is currently one of the major developmental challenges that the world is facing. The Society for National Integration through Rural Development (SNIRD), an NGO working with the fisherfolk communities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, has long been working towards reducing community vulnerability and strengthening coping mechanisms. As there were no preparedness measures among the communities, the impact of the disaster was worsened, often destroying their livelihood support mechanisms. Hence SNIRD initiated a project to organize the community and imparted trainings towards disaster coping mechanisms. The project followed a community-based strategy, making use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques by involving the community. This paper deals with the techniques of vulnerability assessment by involving the community and in preparing alternate livelihood income plan towards disaster preparedness and management. The project was evaluated using an amended version of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and found that the project was able to sufficiently increase their alternative livelihood mechanisms and therewith comprehensively and sustainable decrease community vulnerability to natural disasters.
An Introduction to Resilience for Humanitarian WorkersShashanka Saadi
This presentation is a simple compilation of Resilience definitions, approach to understand resilience and indicators use to identify resilience. This will be helpful for humanitarian workers to get a overview of the resilience concept quickly. A list of reference given in the last slide for further reading.
Investigating Issues and Challenges of Microcredit as a Financial Empowermen...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Beyond the traditional humanitarian aid modelSarah King
Humanitarian aid has long been dominated by a classical paradigm based on ethics around humanitarian principles, centred on international humanitarian UN agencies and NGOs. In recent years this has been paralleled by a resilience paradigm, focused more on local people and institutions as the first responders to crisis. Whereas classical humanitarianism is rooted in the notion of exceptionalism, resilience humanitarianism starts from the idea of crisis as the new normality.
In this Sussex Development Lecture Thea Hilhorst discusses these paradigms and the different images they evoke about crises, local institutions and the recipients of aid.
Thea Hilhorst, Professor of Humanitarian Aid and Reconstruction, Institute of Socail, Erasmus University
Alternate livelihood income plan for vulnerability reduction through communit...Premier Publishers
The occurrence of natural disasters is currently one of the major developmental challenges that the world is facing. The Society for National Integration through Rural Development (SNIRD), an NGO working with the fisherfolk communities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, has long been working towards reducing community vulnerability and strengthening coping mechanisms. As there were no preparedness measures among the communities, the impact of the disaster was worsened, often destroying their livelihood support mechanisms. Hence SNIRD initiated a project to organize the community and imparted trainings towards disaster coping mechanisms. The project followed a community-based strategy, making use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques by involving the community. This paper deals with the techniques of vulnerability assessment by involving the community and in preparing alternate livelihood income plan towards disaster preparedness and management. The project was evaluated using an amended version of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and found that the project was able to sufficiently increase their alternative livelihood mechanisms and therewith comprehensively and sustainable decrease community vulnerability to natural disasters.
Asian Marketing and Effectiveness Strategy (AMES) Conference 2015 - Presentat...Edelman
James Thompson, Global MD of Diageo Reserve, opened the Asian Marketing and Effectiveness Strategy (AMES) Conference in Singapore on 3 June, 2015. As Effectiveness Jury President for the AMES Awards, James spoke on:
‘A Formula for Effective Creative Work’
What constitutes a truly effective campaign in this day and age? Ingenuity and creativity are increasingly the defining keys to success. However effectiveness can come in many guises, tangible and intangible benefits. It can be achieved through a mix of great story telling, collaboration, intelligent channel distribution, measurement or technology. The era we live in now grants us almost infinite opportunities and the chance to write our own stories with more effectiveness, impact and flair.
AMES, organised by Lions Festivals and Haymarket, is Asia Pacific’s foremost awards and conference honouring clients and agencies for marketing strategies that deliver solid results to transform businesses and brands.
El mayo de 2016, tuvimos la oportunidad de celebrar el día mundial de las niñas en las TIC. Acá nuestra perspectiva al respecto, y la importancia de la democratización de la información y el acceso a la tecnología.
A key concept on the subject DRRR. This entails the definition of vulnerability, types of vulnerability and the key concepts of vulnerability. A summary definition of risk and hazard are also observable.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. VULNERABILITY
Ian Davis and Colleagues (1994). At Risk: Natural Hazards, Peoples Vulnerability & Disasters
1. Social, political and economic environment as much a cause
as the natural environment
2. Exposure to risk is different depending on living condition
3. Events such as famines, drought, biological, floods, coastal
storms, earthquakes, volcanos & landslides are hazards by
themselves, but can become disasters (loss of life and property)
under certain conditions.
4. Can include macro forces such as urbanization, loss of forests or
at the micro level, lack of mobility, insurance, community
preparedness.
5. “Vulnerability is defined as the characteristics of a person or
group that influence their capacity to anticipate, cope
with, and recover from the impact of a hazard”
6. Some variables are:
class, occupation, ethnicity, gender, health, disability, age, and
immigration status (legal or illegal).
7. “So Vulnerability is very relative – some experience higher level
of vulnerability”
3. VULNERABILITY & ASSETS
Ian Davis and Colleagues (1994). At Risk: Natural Hazards, Peoples Vulnerability & Disasters
Some Important Points on Vulnerability:
1. Vulnerability does not necessarily equate to financial poverty
2. Vulnerability to loss during a hazard creates disaster at all levels
3. E.g., Vulnerable to loss of life, health, livelihood, resources,
assets, etc – not to be equated with capacity or ability to cope
4. Absolute and Relative Loss (wealthy greater absolute loss; poor
greater relative loss)
5. Wealthy also suffer losses in a disaster – but they hold resources
such as home insurance, personal savings, financial assets, and
stable employment – so able to recover faster
6. Low-income groups – have fewer assets, usually no insurance,
no access to financial resources, and less diversified sources of
income
7. Assets can include: Financial (cast, savings, loans, pensions);
Physical (house, land, livestock, tools, equipment, gold), human
(education, skills, knowledge, health); social (kinship networks,
relations based on trust, access to institutions)
8. More assets mean less vulnerability to long-term negative
impacts of a disaster and ability to cope with and recover
4. VULNERABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES
Susan Cutter and Colleagues (2006). Moral Hazard, Social Catastrophe
1. In 2003 more that 159 million Americans (53 percent of US
population) lived in a coastal county, up from 28 percent in 1980
2. Growth is most visible along nation‟s hurricane coasts – Cape
Cod to Miami & Texas to Florida Keys
3. Not just seasonal population but year round residents – elderly
retirees or service industry workers in tourism
4. Coastal residents are more racially & ethnically diverse than in
past decades – low wage jobs have fuelled the diversity
5. Rich live right along the shoreline and income gradient
decreases with distance away from the water‟s edge
6. American dream of single detached house is beyond reach of
half of nation‟s households, so households living in manufactured
housing or mobile homes (highly vulnerable to high winds and
storms) especially in coastal counties in the Gulf and southeast
US
5. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
Susan Cutter and Colleagues (2006). Moral Hazard, Social Catastrophe
Morrow, Betty H. (1999) Identifying and Mapping Community Vulnerability
Susceptibility of social groups to hazard impacts:
1. Product of social inequalities
2. Demographic characteristics of the population (e.g., age,
gender, wealth)
3. For instance, women suffer more – more care giving
responsibilities; have to meet daily needs of family, children,
elderly; more likely to lose job; lack secure income or
employment; less resources, aid is often given automatically to
male head of household; increase in family violence
4. Complex constructs as well – health care provision, access to
lifelines (e.g., emergency response personnel, goods, services)
5. Built environment – nature and age of the housing stock
6. Comerio obseves: In San Francisco, 20,000 seismically unsafe
tenement units and another 44,000 in Los Angeles, inhabited by
low-income immigrant communities. Making them safe would
increase rents and put them out of the units, possibily into
homelessness, so units remain vulnerable
6. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN URBAN DISASTER
Susan Cutter and Colleagues (2006). Moral Hazard, Social Catastrophe
Social vulnerability in urban disaster:
1. Our preparedness experience mostly in suburban context, not an
urban central city (e.g., New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina)
2. Suburban areas have lower population and housing densities
3. Primary mode of transport is the private automobile
4. Evacuation is relatively straightforward (even with traffic
congestion)
5. Small percentage of „special needs‟ populations requiring
assistance (e.g., infirm or mobility impaired elderly)
6. Evacuations from Mississippi and Alabama reflect the suburban
experience and went smoothly as opposed to New Orleans
7. Inner city residents in urban metropolitan areas may not have
the wealth of their suburban counter parts & rely on public
transport
8. In New Orleans, more than 50,000 people or 27 percent of
population did not have a car and had to seek shelter
9. Pre-existing social vulnerabilities made Hurricane Katrina into a
catastrophe
7. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY INDEX (SoVI)
Susan Cutter and Colleagues (2006). Moral Hazard, Social Catastrophe
Morrow, Betty H. (1999) Identifying and Mapping Community Vulnerability
1. SOVI - method to create vulnerability maps
2. Shows which communities, counties, and states are most
vulnerable and the factors driving their vulnerability
3. The SoVI can help policy makes and responders tailor response
according to vulnerability characteristics of populations
4. Not „one size fits all‟ policy and response to risk reduction and
disaster response
5. Factors – Economic resources (e.g., assets, savints); Housing
Location (economic and social arrangement decides location);
Housing Quality (housing an indicator of social and economic
status).
6. Poor usually do not have choice where to locate – usually close
to jobs, cannot spend on transport; Rich locate on risky places
out of choice
7. “Unequal access to opportunities, resources, and unequal
exposure to risk”
8. VULNERABILITY & HAZARD MITIGATION
Boyce, J. (2000). Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights & Disaster Vulnerability
Boyce helps us understand the problem of vulnerability and
mitigation in larger theoretical terms – framing it as public bad or
goods
1. Vulnerability to natural and technological hazards is to a large
extent a public bad, because disasters typically strike
communities and not isolated individuals
2. By same token, measures to reduce vulnerability are to a large
extent public good
3. Pure public good – when provided to one is provided to all (non-
excludability), consumption does not diminish availability to
others (e.g. national defense)
4. Vulnerability reduction – impure public good & impure private
good
5. An impure public good – when provided to one, it is also
provided to others but not equally (e.g., flood control, only
populations who live or own assets in protected areas benefit)
6. An impure private good – not everyone can acquire it and the
market may not want to provide it
7. Measures to reduce vulnerability often lie in-between the public
& private good
9. POLICY ISSUES
Boyce, J. (2000). Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights & Disaster Vulnerability
1. How much disaster vulnerability reduction to provide?
2. Whom it should be provided to?
3. A political-economy problem, we are discussing allocation of
scarce resources among competing individuals, groups, and
class
4. Two ways to approach these questions
10. WEALTH BASED APPROACH
Boyce, J. (2000). Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights & Disaster Vulnerability
1. Founded on willingness to pay, in turn conditioned by ability to
pay. Those willing and able to pay more deserve to get more
2. Richer individuals, groups, and classes will get more of the
impure public good of vulnerability reduction than the poor
3. Probably how it usually works in practice, though not very
effective when poor communities are located in risky areas
because the rent or housing price is cheaper there
11. RIGHTS BASED APPROACH
Boyce, J. (2000). Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights & Disaster Vulnerability
1. Based on egalitarian distribution of the right to a clean and safe
environment
2. Puts equal weight on the right of risk reduction to all individuals
regardless of their income or wealth
3. Rights based approach would define liability on the same basis
as right to a safe environment for all, infringement of this right
would create legal ground for restitution claims
4. Private companies would insure against such claims, this opens
an avenue for the insurance sector to play a role in the
enforcement of safety standers (e.g., BP oil spill), more unsafe the
facility, higher the price of insurance
5. In case of industrial disasters, this allows the insurance sector to
play a role even when the individuals whose safety are at risk are
too poor to buy insurance
12. PROBLEMS WITH RIGHTS BASED APPROACH
Boyce, J. (2000). Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights & Disaster Vulnerability
1. Non-uniform spatial distribution of human population
2. Difference between saying each individual has equal rights to
risk mitigation and that the weight of each individual‟s risk is
equal (e.g., risks in densely populated areas carry greater weight
than same risks in less dense areas)
3. Reconciling equitable allocation of right to life and the
inequitable allocation of economic wealth and political power
4. Private risk mitigation can be privately purchased, so distribution
is based on ability and willingness to pay.
5. So priority will be for those who are less able to pay privately. This
is a public policy dilemma as there is no guarantee that
wealthier communities will agree OR what happens when
wealthy communities refuse to comply with public mitigation
initiatives and strategies because they do not want anyone
telling them what to do on their private properties
In conclusion, both approaches have long co-existed, both have
problems as none are perfect when applied to vulnerability
reduction…so tension between the two will remain…