Role of Civil Society in DRR  Implementation of the SFDRR in the context of Understanding Disaster Risk

Role of Civil Society in DRR  Implementation of the SFDRR in the context of Understanding Disaster Risk

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  Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak SeniorTechnical Advisor, DRM & Emergency UNDP – MINEMA, Kigali – Nyarugemge KN 3 Rd. – KN 1 Av – Pension Plazza Rwanda
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  Contents • The contextof disaster • 10 of the Deadliest Natural Disasters in 2021 • Top 10 Natural Disasters in the History of India • India’s vulnerability to disasters • Disaster Risk Reduction • What is civil society • SFDRR – 2015-2030 • Priorities of SFDRR • CSO roles and responsibilities • CSO engagement in DRR • Practical actions • Lessons learned • Reference • Thank U
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  Coastal populations dramaticallyincreasing (leading towards more demographic vulnerabilities) Climate change is anticipated to increase the coastal hazard threat trends (sea level rise, floods, storm – both intensity & frequency) New problems of “mega disasters” emerging Disasters are undermining years of development efforts Increase in anthropogenic and human induced vulnerabilities The context of Disaster
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  10 of theDeadliest Natural Disasters in 2021 No. 10: Volcano Eruption Killed More Than 40 in Indonesia (4th Dec.) No. 9: Tornado Killed 92 Across 5 States Kentucky (10th & 11th Dec. US) No. 8: Hurricane Ida Killed 91 Across 9 U.S. States (29th August 29) No. 7: Cyclone Tauktae Killed at Least 200 in India (17th May) No. 6: Flash Floods Killed 201 in India and Nepal (18th Oct.) No. 5: Cyclone Seroja Killed at Least 222 (3rd April, Indonesia & Timor-Leste) No. 4: Floods Killed More Than 230 in Germany, Belgium (14th July) No. 3: Floods, Landslides in China Killed at Least 302 (20th July) No. 2: Super Typhoon Rai Killed 375 in the Philippines (16th Dec.) No. 1: Earthquake Killed 2,248 in Haiti (14th August) https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/here-are-10-of-the-deadliest-natural-disasters-in-2021
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  Top 10 NaturalDisasters in the History of India 1. Kerala floods, August 2018, death toll 373 and more than 2,80,679 people got displaced 2. Kashmir Floods September 2014, death toll around 500+, 2600 villages were affected 3. Uttarakhand Flash Floods, 2013, death toll 5000+ 4. The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004, affected Parts of southern India, Andaman Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Indonesia etc. death toll 2 lakh+ 5. Gujarat Earthquake, 26th January 2001, death toll: 20,000+ 6. Odisha Super Cyclone, 1999, death toll 10,000 plus, More than 275,000 houses were destroyed 7. Latur Earthquake, 1993 death toll 20,000 plus, around 30,000 were injured, and more than 50 villages were destroyed 8. The Great Famine, Year: 1876-1878, death toll 3 crore, it is considered as one of the worst natural calamities in India of all time. 9. Coringa Cyclone (Andhra Pradesh) year:1839, death toll 3.2 lakh people, more than 25000 vessels were ruined by this huge cyclone 10. Calcutta Cyclone, year:1737, death toll 3 lakh plus Source: https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/top-10-natural-disasters-in-the-history-of-india Map Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Major_Disasters_in_India.jpg
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  India Land area 3.287million. km² Earthquake 57 % Flood 11.2 % Cyclone & Tsunami Out of 7516 Km of Indian coasts line 5770 Km (76.76%) are highly vulnerable to natural hazards such as; Cyclones and Tsunami. Drought 28 % India’s vulnerability to disasters India has been ranked at 89th position among 181 countries on the World Risk Index 2020.
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  Disaster Risk Reduction Thereis no such thing as a 'natural' disaster, only natural hazards. • DRR aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like; earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention. • DRR is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through • systematic efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters • reducing exposure to hazards, • lessening vulnerability of people and property, • wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for adverse events
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  DRR………?: bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
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  What is civilsociety All non-governmental groups, associations and institutions that citizen form and join these includes - religious organizations - professional organizations - charitable groups - inter groups Non-Governmental associations (NGOs) THEY ARE INDEPENDENT FROM GOVERNMENT & ORGANIZED BY INDIVIDUALS IN PERSUITS OF THE OWN ENDS CS: AUTONOMUS GROUPS AND ASSOCIATIONS According to the World Bank: “Civil society ... refers to a wide array of organizations: community groups, non- governmental organizations (NGOs), labour unions, indigenous groups, charitable organizations, faith-based organizations, professional associations, and foundations.”
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  SFDRR – 2015-2030 SFDRRoutlines 7 clear targets and 4 priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks: It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries over the next 15 years. The Framework was adopted at the 3rd UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015.
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  Priorities of SFDRRSFDRR has 4 Priorities: 1. Understanding Disaster Risk Policies and practices for disaster risk management should be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity, exposure of persons and assets, hazard characteristics and the environment. Such knowledge can be leveraged for the purpose of pre-disaster risk assessment, for prevention and mitigation and for the development and implementation of appropriate preparedness and effective response to disasters. 2. Strengthening Disaster risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk 3. Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience 4. Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for effective Response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
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  CSO roles and responsibiliti es • Contributeto policy analysis, policy making and strategy formulation at international, national and sub-national levels, including aggregating and advocating the preferences and interests of affected populations to strengthen linkages between national policies and local practices. • Achieving a substantial reduction in disaster losses will require a whole-of- society approach that supports changes in societal and individual behaviour, norms and value systems, together with changes within government institutions, public policies and associated legislation. • Assisting in the implementation and localisation of DRR policies in collaboration with national and local governments, particularly in fragile states with limited formal institutional capacities. • Developing innovative approaches, good practices, participatory methodologies and new types of multi-stakeholder partnerships.
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  CSO roles andresponsibilities-2 Enhancing the inclusion and meaningful participation of vulnerable, marginalised people who are disproportionately impacted by disasters to ensure DRR interventions reflect the needs and priorities of all members of society. Strengthen southern-based knowledge exchange and sharing of good practices, including promoting localised learning and brokering the integration of local wisdom and indigenous knowledge with external technological and scientific knowledge. Strengthening domestic accountability and holding states to account for policy duties and obligations. This can involve strengthening citizens’ voices and enhancing community level decision-making; making information more accessible to increase transparency, raise public awareness, ownership and social demand for fulfilment of rights and entitlements.
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  CSO roles andresponsibilities-3 Promotion and strengthening of local leadership (including grassroots women) to increase effective community mobilisation and representation. Supporting multi-level monitoring and evaluation processes to measure the execution of national DRR policy programmes. Strengthen policy coherence with other development actors on the ground to promote and support harmonised programming and build relationships across related policy frameworks.
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  CSO engagement inDRR Meet the community where they are!
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  Practical actions 1 Recognize therole of civil society and community practitioners in broadening the participation of citizens in the formulation and implementation of community-driven disaster risk management strategies. 2 Strengthen the capacities of civil society to engage in multi-level multi-stakeholder DRR policy dialogue and implementation 3 Invest in South- South and South- North knowledge and learning platforms to share expertise and enhance the integration of local/traditional wisdom and technological/scie ntific knowledge for DRR. 4 Invest in civil society and community practitioner networks to share local good practices, increase collaboration and strengthen coherence between different civil society actors and state actors. 5 Create an enabling environment in legal and institutional provisions for civil society to promote citizen voices, aggregating citizen perspectives and translating into national policies and practices. 6 Engage civil society and associated networks in the development and implementation of innovative approaches including impartial participatory community–level monitoring and evaluation process.
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  Lessons learned • Asuccessful model of interactive cooperation among all relevant and concerned stakeholders including civil society • The important role played by the local committee formed in selected hot spots including government official, representatives of local authorities, NGOs, affected local community, women, youth and media; encouraging their full participation and effective involvement. • Effective partnership is the core of achieving sustainable development • The political will in addition to the community engagement are the main supporters to face climate change challenges and reduce its negative impacts
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  References • https://www.emdat.be/emdat_atlas/ • GFDRRon Civil Society and Community-Driven Resilience • Inclusive Community Resilience, A Strategy for Civil Society Engagement, Community Resilience, and Gender 2015-2017 • https://affairscloud.com/india-ranked-89th-among-181-countries-in-world-risk- report-2020/ • http://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr • Gadanayak, BB and Routray, JK (2010), A path to Disaster resilient Communities, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany https://www.lap- publishing.com/catalog/details/store/hu/book/978-3-8433-6666-3/a-path-to- disaster-resilient-communities?search=Bibhuti%20Bhusan%20Gadanayak • http://www.sdc-drr.net/what • http://www.sdc-drr.net/disasters_rise • Sendai Frame Work for DRR 2015-2030 • Political declaration WCDRR • http://195.70.10.65/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf. • http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images