The document summarizes two case studies:
1. A 44-year-old woman presented with flu-like symptoms and was found to have elevated liver enzymes. Her AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels indicated acute hepatic necrosis, representing the initial stage of a viral liver infection.
2. A 47-year-old man who was overweight and ate fast food regularly had fatigue and chest discomfort. His cholesterol, VLDL, and triglyceride levels were elevated, indicating the initial stages of atherosclerosis and increased risk of heart disease. Changes in diet and exercise were recommended to reduce lipid levels.
ALT is an enzyme present in liver, heart skeletal muscles, highest concentration is present in Liver. it value increases when there is abnormality in liver, ALT is an amino transferase which transfer one amino group from an amino acid and transfer to another substance for production of non essential amino acid
Test for pancreatic and intestinal functions are very important for clinical evaluation gastro intestinal disorders . So it will e useful for medical and allied professional students and practitioners.
ALT is an enzyme present in liver, heart skeletal muscles, highest concentration is present in Liver. it value increases when there is abnormality in liver, ALT is an amino transferase which transfer one amino group from an amino acid and transfer to another substance for production of non essential amino acid
Test for pancreatic and intestinal functions are very important for clinical evaluation gastro intestinal disorders . So it will e useful for medical and allied professional students and practitioners.
Liver function tests (LFT’s) are groups of laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the state of patients liver
They include
Liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT etc.,)
Bilirubin(Direct and indirect)
Albumin
Prothrombin time / INR
AIP is an enzyme which is width sprid through the body tissue has an important role in alkaline medium for the conversion of phospate from one substance. to remove phosphate group.
Liver function tests (LFT’s) are groups of laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the state of patients liver
They include
Liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT etc.,)
Bilirubin(Direct and indirect)
Albumin
Prothrombin time / INR
AIP is an enzyme which is width sprid through the body tissue has an important role in alkaline medium for the conversion of phospate from one substance. to remove phosphate group.
Chronic Liver Disease in pediatric: a case presentation and discussionDr Abdalla M. Gamal
A presentation from a tutorial about an interesting case that came to the Pediatric Department of Sebha Medical Center and was imaged by the Radiology Department.
The tutorial was a joint effort between Dr Zeinab Salem Ali (from Pediatric Department) and me (from Radiology Department). In her slides, Dr Zeinab presented the case history, examination, investigations, differential diagnosis and discussed the clinical presentation, investigations and management for chronic liver diseases in pediatric patients.In my slides, I discussed the definition, etiology, natural history of this condition and explained the role of imaging in its diagnosis.
These are my slides after some modifications. I added an aknowlegement page to illustrate Dr Zeinab effort and to thank Dr Khaled Aljasem from Pediatric Department for his effort in revising the original presentations and the constructive feedback he provided which improved the quality of the presented material. Then I added a summary for the parts Dr Zeinab has presented to make this powerpoint presentation complete.
This presentation was presented by Dr Zeinab Salem (from Pediatric Department) and me in a joint tutorial between Pediatric Department and Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
Obstructive jaundice is one of the important surgical topics. In this playlist I have discussed the introduction, choledocholithiasis, Carcinoma Pancreas and biliary atresia. If you watch all these videos together you will become confident in Managing obstructive jaundice.
Gene Therapy, Somatic cell gene therapy, germ line gene therapy, classical gene therapy, non-classical gene therapy, targets of gene therapy, barriers of gene therapy, ex vivo gene therapy, in vivo gene therapy, vectors for gene delivery, antisense therapy
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Case Study-1
• A 44 year old woman had complaint of flu-like
symptoms (fever, nausea etc.), fatigue, loss of
appetite, slight yellow skin & eyes color.
• She was first treated with antibiotics but fever
was persistent.
• Docter advised for Liver Function Test
• No family history of serious disease.
4. Interpretation
• AST (SGOT=200.4) & ALT (SGPT=249.6)
levels
• Liver Cirrhosis = AST/ALT >1
– AST & ALT levels increase around 4-5 times from the
upper reference limit.
– But here AST/ALT is <1, so it is not a case of Liver
cirrhosis
• Viral Hepatitis = AST/ALT <1
– Viral hepatitis is associated with acute hepatic necrosis
– Generally tenfold to fortyfold increase in AST & ALT
levels from the upper reference limit can reach upto 100
folds.
5. Interpretation
• AST (SGOT=200.4 IU/L) & ALT
(SGPT=249.6 IU/L) levels
• Metastatic carcinoma = AST/ALT >1
– AST & ALT levels increase upto twofold to fivefold from
the upper reference limit.
– But here AST/ALT is <1, so it is not a case of metastatic
carcinoma
• Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Alkaline
phosphatase levels are normal
• Albumin/Globulin ratio is 1.3
6. Interpretation
• BILIRUBIN LEVELS (1.8mg/dL)
– Gilbert Syndrome – genetic disorder of bilirubin
metabolism
» Total bilirubin is greater than 20 mg/dL
– Jaundice
» Total bilirubin greater than 10 mg/dL
– Hepatitis
» Moderate to high level of Total bilirubin
7. Conclusion
• AST & ALT levels are 5 times higher than the
upper reference range and AST/ALT ratio is
less than 1.
• Bilirubin is also moderately high.
• Albumin/Globulin ratio is greater than 1
• Less than 1 in case of acute heaptitis
• So, it is a case of acute hepatic necrosis
representing the very initial stage of viral
infection in liver.
8. Case Study-2
• A 47 year-old man who is overweight (BMI
- 29) and who frequently eats out, often at
fast food places had symptoms including
fatigue, shortness of breath & mild chest
discomfort reported to the hospital.
• Docter advised to go for a series of clinical
tests.
10. Interpretation
• Total Cholesterol, VLDL- Cholesterol & triglycerides levels
are slightly higher than normal.
• Triglycerides Level Interpretation
11. Interpretation
– High levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream have
been linked to atherosclerosis and by extension, the
risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Total Cholesterol interpretation
– Highest acceptable and optimal values of cholesterol
vary with age.
– Higher values of cholesterol are associated with
INCREASED RISK of coronary artery disease.
– It should be less than 200mg/dL
12. Interpretation
• VLDL - Cholesterol
– VLDL stands for Very Low Density Lipoproteins -
Cholesterol
– It helps in cholesterol build up in the walls of arteries
– It should be less than 30mg/dL in blood
13. Conclusion
• The patient was at the initial stage of deposition of
cholesterol in the blood vessels i.e.,
atherosclerosis as shown by the elevated VLDL
levels which can lead to serious heart problems.
• The elevated levels of Total cholesterol & VLDL can
be reduce by doing physical exercise and taking
food products rich in LDL. eg. Walnut, Oats, Garlic,
Olive oil etc.
• Patient should not consume food products
contains high LDL eg. Ghee, Butter, Cheese, Junk
food, egg yolk etc.