In weld, Large amount of heat is generated. For which near the welding zone some are experienced tension and some experienced compression.
That zone is called Heat Affected Zone(HAZ).
Resistance spot welding - impact of process parameters on weld nugget formationRashidi Asari
This article shows the relationship between spot welding parameters namely weld force, weld current and weld time & how they are inter related in weld nugget formation. Graphical lobe curve is used as presentation for better understanding. Lobe curve is very useful especially in spot welding process parameters optimization.
Friction Stir Welding: Consistently Enabling Stronger, More Efficient StructuresDesign World
This document discusses friction stir welding (FSW), an innovative welding process being used increasingly in applications like shipbuilding, transportation, renewable energy, and thermal management. It provides an overview of Sapa, a leading aluminum extruder, and their role in developing FSW. Key benefits of FSW include increased strength, avoidance of filler metals, and suitability for automating the welding of large extrusions. Examples are given of how FSW is enabling stronger, more efficient structural and thermal management designs.
Friction Stir welding combine the action of frictional heating and mechanical deformation due to a rotating tool. The advantages of Friction Stir welding over arc welding is as follows:-
1) High quality weld can be achieved
2) Absence of solidification cracking
3) Lower apparent energy input
4) Less distortion and residual stress
This document provides an overview of various joining processes including welding and brazing. It discusses gas welding processes like oxy-acetylene welding in detail. It also covers different arc welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, and submerged arc welding. Other joining techniques summarized include resistance welding, plasma arc welding, electroslag welding, and thermit welding. Key information about equipment, process parameters, advantages and applications are provided for each welding and brazing process.
This document discusses friction welding, including its definition, processes, advantages, and applications. Friction welding is a solid-state welding process that generates heat through mechanical friction to fuse materials together without melting. It has several advantages over other welding methods like producing a 100% weld area and superior weld integrity. Common applications of friction welding include joining trailer axles, piston rods, and drill pipes due to benefits like fast production times and repeatable results.
The document discusses resistance spot welding processes. It covers heat generation and nugget growth during welding, different weld cycles including basic, enhanced and pulsed cycles, advantages and limitations of spot welding, and a basic model of expulsion. Key terms defined include spot weld, contact resistance, expulsion, heat flow, and weld cycle. Diagrams show the welding process and different stages of a welding cycle.
friction stir welding is a joining process that has exhibited many advantages over traditional welding process including greatly reducing distortion and eliminating solidification. In this process welding using fiction as the major resource, due to the frictional heating & Mechanical deformation
Resistance spot welding - impact of process parameters on weld nugget formationRashidi Asari
This article shows the relationship between spot welding parameters namely weld force, weld current and weld time & how they are inter related in weld nugget formation. Graphical lobe curve is used as presentation for better understanding. Lobe curve is very useful especially in spot welding process parameters optimization.
Friction Stir Welding: Consistently Enabling Stronger, More Efficient StructuresDesign World
This document discusses friction stir welding (FSW), an innovative welding process being used increasingly in applications like shipbuilding, transportation, renewable energy, and thermal management. It provides an overview of Sapa, a leading aluminum extruder, and their role in developing FSW. Key benefits of FSW include increased strength, avoidance of filler metals, and suitability for automating the welding of large extrusions. Examples are given of how FSW is enabling stronger, more efficient structural and thermal management designs.
Friction Stir welding combine the action of frictional heating and mechanical deformation due to a rotating tool. The advantages of Friction Stir welding over arc welding is as follows:-
1) High quality weld can be achieved
2) Absence of solidification cracking
3) Lower apparent energy input
4) Less distortion and residual stress
This document provides an overview of various joining processes including welding and brazing. It discusses gas welding processes like oxy-acetylene welding in detail. It also covers different arc welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, and submerged arc welding. Other joining techniques summarized include resistance welding, plasma arc welding, electroslag welding, and thermit welding. Key information about equipment, process parameters, advantages and applications are provided for each welding and brazing process.
This document discusses friction welding, including its definition, processes, advantages, and applications. Friction welding is a solid-state welding process that generates heat through mechanical friction to fuse materials together without melting. It has several advantages over other welding methods like producing a 100% weld area and superior weld integrity. Common applications of friction welding include joining trailer axles, piston rods, and drill pipes due to benefits like fast production times and repeatable results.
The document discusses resistance spot welding processes. It covers heat generation and nugget growth during welding, different weld cycles including basic, enhanced and pulsed cycles, advantages and limitations of spot welding, and a basic model of expulsion. Key terms defined include spot weld, contact resistance, expulsion, heat flow, and weld cycle. Diagrams show the welding process and different stages of a welding cycle.
friction stir welding is a joining process that has exhibited many advantages over traditional welding process including greatly reducing distortion and eliminating solidification. In this process welding using fiction as the major resource, due to the frictional heating & Mechanical deformation
Friction-stir welding is an advanced solid-state joining process (the metal is not melted) which involves the use of a third body tool to join two facing surfaces. Heat is generated between the tool and material which leads to a very soft region near the FSW tool. It then mechanically intermixes the two pieces of metal at the place of the joint, then the softened metal (due to the elevated temperature) can be joined using mechanical pressure (which is applied by the tool), much like joining clay, or dough. It is primarily used on aluminium, and most often on extruded aluminium (non-heat treatable alloys), and on structures which need superior weld strength without a post weld heat treatment.
It was invented and experimentally proven at The Welding Institute UK in December 1991.
Artech Welders Private Limited took roots in 1994 with the dream of manufacturing Capacitor Discharge (CD) projection welding machines. Powered by a vision to blend power saving with aesthetics, Artech has today germinated into a force to reckon with in the field of resistance welding. A wide range of end users embrace the quality welding that Artech offers. They include manufacturers of automobile sheet metal components, stainless steel impellers, sheet metal products, diamond tools like cup wheels and core drills, hollow metal doors, auto electricals, control panels, stainless steel cookware and kitchenware to name a few.
Frictional welding is a solid-state welding process that uses relative motion and high force between two contacting workpieces to generate heat through friction and form a joint. There are different types of frictional welding processes defined by the motion used - linear, rotary, stir, radial, and orbital friction welding. Frictional welding produces joints with low surface impurities and narrow heat-affected zones. It can join similar and dissimilar metals for applications in automotive, aerospace, consumer products, medical, and other industries.
Advance fatigue and fracture analysis of spot weldsGajendra Tawade
1) The document discusses improving the fatigue resistance of spot welds used in automotive applications through various methods like controlling residual stresses, increasing base metal strength, and improving steel sheet surface condition.
2) Key methods to control residual stresses and improve fatigue life included tensile preloading, coining, and stress relief annealing which reduce tensile stresses or induce compressive stresses.
3) Fatigue testing of spot welds was done under constant and variable amplitude loading, and improvements in fatigue life from pretreatments proved stable under variable loading emulating actual vehicle use.
FRICTION STIR WELDING is a very latest tchnology of welding process .Its a green method of solid state joining, and also a defect free method .
To know more about this you can also watch this animation https://youtu.be/kEEST5cgOao
Friction welding is a solid state joining process that uses mechanical friction to fuse materials together without melting. There are several types of friction welding including spin welding, linear friction welding, friction surfacing, and friction stir welding. The process involves rotating or oscillating one material against another under pressure to generate heat and plasticize the surfaces. Friction welding produces high quality welds with small heat affected zones and without the need for filler metals. It has advantages over other welding methods like lower heat input and cost. However, it is generally limited to flat geometries and small parts.
The document discusses automation in the die casting process. It begins by explaining die casting and its advantages over other casting processes. The scope for automation in die casting is wide due to factors like hazardous manual handling of hot materials and high pressures involved. The main types of die casting are hot chamber and cold chamber. Automation can be applied to various components of die casting machines like the injection system, clamping system, and ladle system. Recent developments in die casting include vacuum assisted die casting and active cooling channels to improve quality. Automating die casting provides benefits like time savings, higher accuracy and repeatability, and reduces hazardous manual work.
FRICTION WELDING PROPERTIES OF SS304 WITH 16MnCr5 - Copyriyaztheen riyaz
This document discusses linear friction welding of stainless steel SS304 to low alloy steel 16MnCr5. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted on the base materials to determine their properties. The materials were then friction welded using optimized parameters. Future work includes determining the chemical properties and tensile results of the friction welding joints and analyzing the friction welding process parameters.
Process optimization of pressure die casting to eliminate defect using cae so...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Die Casting is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material is pressurized in to the mould, which contains a hallow
cavity of the desired shape, and then molten metal is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is known as casting which is ejected
or broken out to complete the process. Objective in this project is to develop tools, dies and gating system. Identify defects such as
gas defects, shrinkage cavities, and mould material defects, pouring material defects, metallurgical defects etc. and take measures
to reduce flaws by using CAE software. To reduce the amount airs entrapped in the mould by changing the gating system, runner
and overflow location and optimize the gating system and process parameters for best quality product and improved productivity.
Defects can be formed easily at critical location during pressure die casting of aluminium alloy part. It has defective effect on the
casting. Mould filling and solidification process of a part was simulated using Z-cast software.
Key Words: Casting, HPDC, Z-cast, CAE Software, Simulation.
Welding process
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Weld Quality
Weld ability
Design Considerations in Welding
This presentation provides an overview of friction welding. It discusses that friction welding is a solid state welding process where one part is rotated at high speeds up to 3000 rpm while being pressed against another part, generating heat through friction. This heat causes the parts to join without melting. Applications include automotive, agricultural, aerospace, and industrial parts. Advantages are that no filler material is needed, it is environmentally friendly with no fumes, and results in a narrow heat affected zone. Limitations are that it is only for joining round or rotatable parts of the same diameter.
This document provides an overview of blacksmithing and forging processes. It discusses the definition of forging as the controlled deformation of metal through pressure or impact. It also covers common forging materials, types of furnaces used to heat metal for forging, and hand tools used in blacksmithing like anvils and hammers. The document describes open die forging, impression die forging, and closed forging processes. It also lists and defines common forging operations like upsetting, drawing, setting down, and discusses defects that can occur.
Friction welding is a solid-state welding process that generates heat through controlled friction between components. As the components are pressed together and their surface layers intertwine, a weld is formed without melting. There are two main types: inertia welding, where one component is spun up to speed before contact, and stir welding where a rotating probe stirs the material together. Friction welding produces very narrow heat-affected zones and strong welds for all geometries. It is used for alloys that are difficult to weld by other methods and provides advantages like reduced defects, weight savings, and dissimilar metal joining.
A simple slideshow of common welding process, welding terminology, welding symbols / joint configurations, welder related operations, and welding safety.
Thesis proved semi-automated spot welding tip dressing cell technology would provide a return on investment in a year's time. While maintaining spot welding shear strength and hardness values within acceptable range.
Heat straightening is a repair method for damaged steel that uses controlled heat application and cooling cycles to gradually straighten the material without using external force. It involves heating only the deformed regions of the steel to below its lower critical temperature and yield stress point, then allowing it to cool slowly. This causes the steel to straighten over multiple heating cycles. Hot mechanical straightening and hot working are different in that they use external forces above the steel's yield stress during or after heating, which can damage the steel and reduce its strength. Heat straightening is a predictable method that avoids these risks.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the resistance projection welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but resistance projection welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
Design and Analysis of Pressure Die Casting for Door Handleijtsrd
Die casting is a metal casting operation that is specified by forcing molten metal under elevated pressure into a mould cavity. The mould cavity is build using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work closely to an injection mould during the process. While casting, a hot or cold chamber machine is used as requirement. While the using of round shaped aluminum door handles it detect that while opening the door whole load is concentrated on two screws which develop in tearing the area where handle is fastened, came in observation that if fastened screw get teared it looks odd . I have redesigned the Door handle maintaining its aesthetic appearance and design to overcome the said identified problem. Lokesh Narayan Dhak | Vaibhav Bankar "Design and Analysis of Pressure Die Casting for Door Handle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46283.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/46283/design-and-analysis-of-pressure-die-casting-for-door-handle/lokesh-narayan-dhak
The document discusses various special welding techniques including resistance welding processes like spot welding, seam welding, and butt welding. It provides details on the principles, fundamentals, equipment, and operation of resistance spot welding which involves melting metal at the contact point between two overlapping workpieces using heat generated by an electric current. The current passes through electrodes that also apply pressure to complete the weld. Seam welding produces a continuous weld along a joint using mechanically driven roller electrodes. Butt welding involves heating and forging together the ends of two abutting workpieces.
1) The document discusses residual stresses in welded plate girders through several studies that used welding simulation and experimental testing. Residual stresses were calculated, measured through sectioning, and compared to Eurocode methods.
2) One study presented experimental and simulation results on the fabrication of welded plate girders under workshop conditions to predict imperfections. Special focus was placed on the effects of residual welding stresses.
3) Another study incorporated welding simulation results directly into structural analysis models of large components to analyze their capacity while accounting for residual stresses. A simple example analyzed weak-axis buckling.
Friction-stir welding is an advanced solid-state joining process (the metal is not melted) which involves the use of a third body tool to join two facing surfaces. Heat is generated between the tool and material which leads to a very soft region near the FSW tool. It then mechanically intermixes the two pieces of metal at the place of the joint, then the softened metal (due to the elevated temperature) can be joined using mechanical pressure (which is applied by the tool), much like joining clay, or dough. It is primarily used on aluminium, and most often on extruded aluminium (non-heat treatable alloys), and on structures which need superior weld strength without a post weld heat treatment.
It was invented and experimentally proven at The Welding Institute UK in December 1991.
Artech Welders Private Limited took roots in 1994 with the dream of manufacturing Capacitor Discharge (CD) projection welding machines. Powered by a vision to blend power saving with aesthetics, Artech has today germinated into a force to reckon with in the field of resistance welding. A wide range of end users embrace the quality welding that Artech offers. They include manufacturers of automobile sheet metal components, stainless steel impellers, sheet metal products, diamond tools like cup wheels and core drills, hollow metal doors, auto electricals, control panels, stainless steel cookware and kitchenware to name a few.
Frictional welding is a solid-state welding process that uses relative motion and high force between two contacting workpieces to generate heat through friction and form a joint. There are different types of frictional welding processes defined by the motion used - linear, rotary, stir, radial, and orbital friction welding. Frictional welding produces joints with low surface impurities and narrow heat-affected zones. It can join similar and dissimilar metals for applications in automotive, aerospace, consumer products, medical, and other industries.
Advance fatigue and fracture analysis of spot weldsGajendra Tawade
1) The document discusses improving the fatigue resistance of spot welds used in automotive applications through various methods like controlling residual stresses, increasing base metal strength, and improving steel sheet surface condition.
2) Key methods to control residual stresses and improve fatigue life included tensile preloading, coining, and stress relief annealing which reduce tensile stresses or induce compressive stresses.
3) Fatigue testing of spot welds was done under constant and variable amplitude loading, and improvements in fatigue life from pretreatments proved stable under variable loading emulating actual vehicle use.
FRICTION STIR WELDING is a very latest tchnology of welding process .Its a green method of solid state joining, and also a defect free method .
To know more about this you can also watch this animation https://youtu.be/kEEST5cgOao
Friction welding is a solid state joining process that uses mechanical friction to fuse materials together without melting. There are several types of friction welding including spin welding, linear friction welding, friction surfacing, and friction stir welding. The process involves rotating or oscillating one material against another under pressure to generate heat and plasticize the surfaces. Friction welding produces high quality welds with small heat affected zones and without the need for filler metals. It has advantages over other welding methods like lower heat input and cost. However, it is generally limited to flat geometries and small parts.
The document discusses automation in the die casting process. It begins by explaining die casting and its advantages over other casting processes. The scope for automation in die casting is wide due to factors like hazardous manual handling of hot materials and high pressures involved. The main types of die casting are hot chamber and cold chamber. Automation can be applied to various components of die casting machines like the injection system, clamping system, and ladle system. Recent developments in die casting include vacuum assisted die casting and active cooling channels to improve quality. Automating die casting provides benefits like time savings, higher accuracy and repeatability, and reduces hazardous manual work.
FRICTION WELDING PROPERTIES OF SS304 WITH 16MnCr5 - Copyriyaztheen riyaz
This document discusses linear friction welding of stainless steel SS304 to low alloy steel 16MnCr5. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted on the base materials to determine their properties. The materials were then friction welded using optimized parameters. Future work includes determining the chemical properties and tensile results of the friction welding joints and analyzing the friction welding process parameters.
Process optimization of pressure die casting to eliminate defect using cae so...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Die Casting is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material is pressurized in to the mould, which contains a hallow
cavity of the desired shape, and then molten metal is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is known as casting which is ejected
or broken out to complete the process. Objective in this project is to develop tools, dies and gating system. Identify defects such as
gas defects, shrinkage cavities, and mould material defects, pouring material defects, metallurgical defects etc. and take measures
to reduce flaws by using CAE software. To reduce the amount airs entrapped in the mould by changing the gating system, runner
and overflow location and optimize the gating system and process parameters for best quality product and improved productivity.
Defects can be formed easily at critical location during pressure die casting of aluminium alloy part. It has defective effect on the
casting. Mould filling and solidification process of a part was simulated using Z-cast software.
Key Words: Casting, HPDC, Z-cast, CAE Software, Simulation.
Welding process
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Weld Quality
Weld ability
Design Considerations in Welding
This presentation provides an overview of friction welding. It discusses that friction welding is a solid state welding process where one part is rotated at high speeds up to 3000 rpm while being pressed against another part, generating heat through friction. This heat causes the parts to join without melting. Applications include automotive, agricultural, aerospace, and industrial parts. Advantages are that no filler material is needed, it is environmentally friendly with no fumes, and results in a narrow heat affected zone. Limitations are that it is only for joining round or rotatable parts of the same diameter.
This document provides an overview of blacksmithing and forging processes. It discusses the definition of forging as the controlled deformation of metal through pressure or impact. It also covers common forging materials, types of furnaces used to heat metal for forging, and hand tools used in blacksmithing like anvils and hammers. The document describes open die forging, impression die forging, and closed forging processes. It also lists and defines common forging operations like upsetting, drawing, setting down, and discusses defects that can occur.
Friction welding is a solid-state welding process that generates heat through controlled friction between components. As the components are pressed together and their surface layers intertwine, a weld is formed without melting. There are two main types: inertia welding, where one component is spun up to speed before contact, and stir welding where a rotating probe stirs the material together. Friction welding produces very narrow heat-affected zones and strong welds for all geometries. It is used for alloys that are difficult to weld by other methods and provides advantages like reduced defects, weight savings, and dissimilar metal joining.
A simple slideshow of common welding process, welding terminology, welding symbols / joint configurations, welder related operations, and welding safety.
Thesis proved semi-automated spot welding tip dressing cell technology would provide a return on investment in a year's time. While maintaining spot welding shear strength and hardness values within acceptable range.
Heat straightening is a repair method for damaged steel that uses controlled heat application and cooling cycles to gradually straighten the material without using external force. It involves heating only the deformed regions of the steel to below its lower critical temperature and yield stress point, then allowing it to cool slowly. This causes the steel to straighten over multiple heating cycles. Hot mechanical straightening and hot working are different in that they use external forces above the steel's yield stress during or after heating, which can damage the steel and reduce its strength. Heat straightening is a predictable method that avoids these risks.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the resistance projection welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but resistance projection welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
Design and Analysis of Pressure Die Casting for Door Handleijtsrd
Die casting is a metal casting operation that is specified by forcing molten metal under elevated pressure into a mould cavity. The mould cavity is build using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work closely to an injection mould during the process. While casting, a hot or cold chamber machine is used as requirement. While the using of round shaped aluminum door handles it detect that while opening the door whole load is concentrated on two screws which develop in tearing the area where handle is fastened, came in observation that if fastened screw get teared it looks odd . I have redesigned the Door handle maintaining its aesthetic appearance and design to overcome the said identified problem. Lokesh Narayan Dhak | Vaibhav Bankar "Design and Analysis of Pressure Die Casting for Door Handle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46283.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/46283/design-and-analysis-of-pressure-die-casting-for-door-handle/lokesh-narayan-dhak
The document discusses various special welding techniques including resistance welding processes like spot welding, seam welding, and butt welding. It provides details on the principles, fundamentals, equipment, and operation of resistance spot welding which involves melting metal at the contact point between two overlapping workpieces using heat generated by an electric current. The current passes through electrodes that also apply pressure to complete the weld. Seam welding produces a continuous weld along a joint using mechanically driven roller electrodes. Butt welding involves heating and forging together the ends of two abutting workpieces.
1) The document discusses residual stresses in welded plate girders through several studies that used welding simulation and experimental testing. Residual stresses were calculated, measured through sectioning, and compared to Eurocode methods.
2) One study presented experimental and simulation results on the fabrication of welded plate girders under workshop conditions to predict imperfections. Special focus was placed on the effects of residual welding stresses.
3) Another study incorporated welding simulation results directly into structural analysis models of large components to analyze their capacity while accounting for residual stresses. A simple example analyzed weak-axis buckling.
This document summarizes several solid-state welding processes including cold welding, ultrasonic welding, friction welding, resistance welding, and flash welding. It provides brief descriptions of each process along with examples of applications and diagrams illustrating how each process works. The key solid-state welding processes covered are friction welding, resistance spot welding, and friction stir welding.
Structural modeling and meshing of blast furnace using TCL/Tk scripting.debiprasadghosh
The document describes modeling and meshing of a blast furnace structure using HyperMesh and finite element analysis software. Key steps include:
1. Creating the blast furnace geometry in HyperMesh using solid modeling techniques.
2. Generating a mesh and applying material properties, boundary conditions, and loads representing the blast furnace's operation.
3. Exporting the model to ANSYS and using Tcl/Tk scripts to automate running iterative simulations with modified parameters.
4. Viewing stress results in HyperView to evaluate design changes and optimize the blast furnace structure.
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.
1-Fundamentals of Welding Metallurgy final.pdfssuser263733
This document provides an introduction to welding metallurgy. It discusses various welding processes including fusion welding processes like arc welding, resistance welding, oxyfuel welding and solid state welding processes like friction welding and ultrasonic welding. For fusion welding, it describes the physics behind heat generation and transfer, and explains concepts like the fusion zone, heat affected zone and unaffected base metal zone in a typical weld joint. It provides details on common arc welding techniques involving consumable and non-consumable electrodes. Resistance spot welding and other resistance welding variations are also summarized.
Welding is a process for joining metals using heat. Arc welding uses an electric arc to generate heat and melt the metals, which fuse together upon solidification. Flux shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) uses a consumable electrode coated in flux that decomposes to protect the weld area from contamination. When an arc is struck between the electrode and workpiece, the electrode melts and deposits filler metal into the weld joint. SMAW is versatile and can weld many metals, but uses consumable electrodes and produces slag, so defects can occur during restarting welds.
This document discusses dual phase steel and types of welding performed on it. It begins with an introduction to dual phase steel, describing its microstructure and mechanical properties. It then discusses different processing methods for dual phase steel, including thermomechanical rolling and continuous annealing. The document focuses on two main types of welding for dual phase steel: resistance spot welding and laser welding. It describes the microstructure and issues that can occur with each welding process, such as softening in the heat affected zone, and provides guidelines to improve weld quality.
This document contains a question and answer bank for a GTU examination on material science and metallurgy. It includes 24 questions on topics like phase diagrams, solid solutions, cooling curves, heat treatment processes, and properties of steel alloys. For each question there is a detailed multi-sentence answer explaining key concepts and providing examples to illustrate the responses. Diagrams are included with some of the answers to further enhance understanding of the material.
Welding is a process that joins materials by causing fusion and filling the joint with a filler material. There are several advantages to welding including lighter structures, maximum strength in joints, easy alterations, pleasing appearance, and strength equal to the parent material. Spot welding uses two electrodes to locally fuse materials and is commonly used in automotive and aircraft industries to join sheet metal. MIG welding uses an inert gas shield to prevent contamination and is often used for carbon/alloy steels, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals due to its high welding speed and economy. Common welding defects include lack of penetration, undercut, slag inclusion, porosity, cracks, spatter, and distortion.
Modeling and Simulation of Base Plate of Friction Stir Welding-Advanced Weldi...ijsrd.com
Friction stir processing is an emerging technique based on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW). It is a solid-state joining method that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and versatile. It is considered by many to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. The basic concept of friction stir processing is remarkably simple. A rotating tool with pin and shoulder is inserted in the material to be joined, and traversed along the line of interest. The heating is localized, and is generated by friction between the tool and the work piece, with additional adiabatic heating from metal deformation. A processed zone is produced by movement of material from the front of the pin to the back of the pin.
This document summarizes a student project that investigated the microstructure and properties of welded steel joints. The project involved welding and analyzing mild steel, API steel, medium carbon steel, and tool steel using MMA and TIG welding. Microscopic analysis revealed the grain structures in the base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal. Vickers hardness testing showed expected hardness profiles but unexpected results for medium carbon steel. Heat input and thermal cycling affected the microstructure and properties differently between welding methods and materials. The project provides analysis of microstructure, hardness values, yield strength calculations, and comparisons between welding techniques and materials.
This document provides an overview of metal forming processes, including definitions, classifications, and comparisons of hot and cold working. It discusses key topics such as plastic deformation, strain hardening, yield criteria, temperature effects, lubrication, and considerations in process selection. The objectives are to understand elastic and plastic deformation, strain hardening concepts, yield criteria, and differences between hot and cold working processes.
The document discusses various advanced metal forming processes including high energy rate forming, explosive forming, electrohydraulic forming, magnetic pulse forming, and hydroforming. High energy rate forming uses a high energy surge over a short time to form sheet metal. Explosive forming uses an explosive charge to form metal plates under high shock pressure. Electrohydraulic forming generates shockwaves in water using an electric arc to deform metal. Magnetic pulse forming applies electromagnetic pressure generated by capacitor discharge through a coil. Hydroforming uses high-pressure fluid to shape metal sheets or tubes in a die.
This document discusses two types of unconventional metal forming methods: high energy rate forming (HERF) and high velocity forming (HVF). HERF uses energy directly to form metals, while HVF first converts energy to mechanical energy imparting velocity. Explosive forming and electrohydraulic forming are examples of HERF that use explosives or electric sparks to rapidly form sheet metal. Explosive forming can be done via a standoff or contact method. Electrohydraulic forming uses high voltage discharge through water to rapidly form tubular parts. Both techniques can form complex shapes and large parts at high production rates.
Evaluation of Structural Behavior of Structural Steel Joints at Elevated Temp...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the evaluation of the structural behavior of structural steel joints at elevated temperatures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the investigation of the mechanical properties of high-strength and mild structural steels at elevated temperatures, which is important for fire-resistant design. It then provides background on fire outbreaks and structural response, current fire design approaches, and the objectives of studying the behavior of structural steel joints and their critical elements under high temperatures. The document also reviews literature on standard fire tests and full-scale tests, and investigates the behavior of steel connections in fires. It examines the stress-strain behavior and degradation of steel properties at elevated temperatures. Finally, it describes the structural configuration of the steel joint being analyzed.
The document provides the portfolio of Amanpreet Kochhar which includes her education qualifications and engineering design projects. It summarizes her Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering and relevant coursework. It also lists her qualifications such as industrial experience in CAD and modeling. Some of her design projects involving Solidworks, ANSYS, MATLAB and control systems are briefly described. Her capstone conference paper on critical design parameters to prevent pressure vessel failures is summarized in 3 sentences. It discusses stresses in pressure vessels from liquids/gases and common failure causes. It also outlines the paper's failure elimination strategies through material selection, crack identification, welding and FEA to design a safer pressure vessel.
Similar to Litrature review on numerical analysis on residual stress on plate guider (20)
This document provides an abstract for a master's thesis on numerical analysis of residual stress on plate girders. The abstract indicates that the thesis addresses the prediction of imperfections in plate girders using simulation tools and simplified engineering models. It evaluates the impact of these imperfections, with a special focus on the effect of residual welding stress. Different simplified stress distributions are compared to results from welding simulation to validate recommendations on implementing weld-induced imperfections.
1) Soil stabilization using plastic bottles can improve the properties of subgrade soil for pavement construction by increasing load capacity and reducing permeability.
2) Standard Proctor compaction tests found the maximum dry density of the soil to be 18.95kN/m3 at 11.22% moisture content.
3) CBR tests showed adding 0.6% plastic strips increased the CBR value from 1.967 to 2.479, indicating 0.6% as the optimum plastic content.
This document discusses a pond revival project in Odisha, India. The project aims to clean ponds that have become polluted with sewage in order to improve the environment and prevent waterborne diseases. Many major ponds in Odisha are heavily polluted, affecting biodiversity, groundwater, and preventing land usage. The Odisha government revived several polluted ponds using a process involving screening, sedimentation, aeration, and chlorination to treat the water. The project benefits include improved groundwater recharge, conservation of water resources for farming, and creating a healthier environment.
This document discusses the functions and applications of geotextiles. It describes how geotextiles can be used for separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and sealing. Some key applications mentioned include using geotextiles between dissimilar materials to prevent mixing, as reinforcement in weak soils, as filters to allow water flow while retaining soil, and as barriers to minimize water flow. The document also discusses a 35 year old test of a geotextile material's durability under extreme load and wet conditions in an unpaved road, finding it was still performing effectively after 35 years.
This document discusses using plastic bottle strips to stabilize soil. Unstable expansive soils like black cotton soil cause problems for foundations due to swelling, shrinkage, and unequal settlement. Soil stabilization is done to improve strength and prevent erosion. Plastic is a good stabilizer as it is flexible, water resistant, and provides thermal resistance. Tests on lateritic soil mixed with plastic strips at 0.6% found increased CBR values and reduced settlement under loading compared to unmixed soil, demonstrating plastic's effectiveness as a stabilizer. Using waste plastic bottles in this way provides an economical solution while reducing plastic waste.
Thermal Effect Of Marble And Tile Fillers On Self-compacting Concrete Behavio...TEJASKRIYA PRADHAN
Thermal Effect Of Marble And Tile Fillers On Self-compacting Concrete Behavior In The Fresh State And At Early Age. it shows the cause of crack with marbal and ssc concrete.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
3. Introduction
• Steel Production In 2 stages
• In both the stage we are using Welding.
• The welding creates residual stress on the plate or
in material.
Assembly
on site
The manufacture
of parts under
workshop
conditions
4. • In weld, Large amount of heat is generated. For
which near the welding zone some are experienced
tension and some experienced compression.
• That zone are called Heat Affected Zone(HAZ).
Fig1 : Source : “Formation of Compressive Residual Stresses by Shot Peening For Spot Welded Stainless
Steel Plates”
5. • After removing the heat or after the welding
the stress locked in the parent material.
• That stress is called residual stress.
• The residual stress creates huge problems in
construction.
• So for perfect and durable design we have to
know the residual stress.
• But till now there is no such model to identify
the residual stress of high strength steel.
6. Fig – 2 : a trapezoidal or block-like distribution whose borders are determined based on
geometrical parameters
Source :Euro Code
7. Literature Review
• In 2010 a research is done by Rabih Kassab et al.
• Objective :to find combined heat loss coefficient
taking in account the heat energy lost by
radiation
• Using double ellipsoid model of Goldak
• Ansys __“birth and death” property Simulation
8. Fig 3 : Heat Source Model propersoed by J. Goldak
Source : “A New Finite Element Model for Welding Heat Sources,” by J. Goldak, A. Chakravarti and M.
Bibby.
9. Figure 4 shows the mesh densities and the location of the fixed nodes.
11. Results
• During the both simulations, thermal and
structural, the temperature dependent
thermo-physical material properties were
taken in consideration.
• A new formula has been presented for the
determination of the combined heat loss
coefficient taking in account the heat energy
lost by radiation.
12. • In 2008 by W Sun et al. A research was done .
• To predict imperfections by simulations and
engineering models.
• By doing Experimental and numerical study –
fabrication of welded plate girders (Workshop
Condition)
• Special focus is put on the effect on residual
welding stress.
13. • steel construction, usually the production
contains two stages
– The manufacture of parts under workshop conditions
– the assembly on site
• The former can be partially automated and has a
much higher level of reliability compared to site
welds.
• The former can be partially automated and has a
much higher level of reliability compared to site
welds.
14. • Theoretical principles
• The welding simulation allows the understanding
of complex interactions during welding and
cooling and thereby a more targeted optimization
of the design.
15. • Introducing symmetry to the model would require
that the system and the loads (loads may be
illustrated better by an imaginary shrinkage force in
this context) are symmetric.
• Assuming that all welds were deposited
simultaneously it is enough to model a quarter of
the system.
16. Results
• Yet, no sufficient models are available as has been
shown by the comparison of welding simulation
and simplified models.
• For further investigations relevant parameters such
as the heat control, the thickness and the material
have to be taken into account.
• For high strength steels it should be noted that
existent models may lead to very conservative
results as deviations tend to increase for higher
material grades.