The document discusses various measurement tools used in statistical process control including check sheets, histograms, run charts, scatter diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, and Pareto charts. It provides details on how to create histograms, including collecting input data, defining the number of bins, calculating the bin range, and using data analysis tools. Additionally, it reviews the uses of check sheets, Pareto charts, and other basic tools and discusses following the MECE principle when analyzing data.

1. MEASUREMENT
TOOLS
Lesson 13

2. Check Sheet
■ 1. SPC - 7 BASICTOOLS 2013.10.22
■ 2. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
■ 3. CHECK SHEET Data record Checklist Develop a matrix for data collection.
■ 4. STRATIFICATIONANALYSIS StratificationVariablesTo group your data by a
stratification variable.
■ 5. SCATTER DIAGRAM EXPLAINSTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN... ...X andY.

3. Check Sheet
■ 6. HISTOGRAM Normal manufacturing process, normal quality Limitation Data from
difference sources
■ 7. HISTOGRAMVS. BAR GRAPH Histogram Size, shape and the density of interval.
■ 8. CREATING HISTOGRAM
– 1. Collecting input data (n>50).
– 2. Define K (base on sampling size, density of the bin, narrow the interval) Either the
experience or use the formula K=1+3.32*log(n)
– 3. Define I the Range: R=X max – X min i= R/ K (take the odd number)
– 4. Bin range L = X min-(unit/2), U=L+I ...apply to other number, till > X max
– 5. On theTools menu, click Data Analysis.
– 6. In the AnalysisTools box, click Histogram, and then click OK.

4. Check Sheet
■ 9. REVIEWTHE 4 BASICTOOLSCheck Sheet A systematic and constantly, data record
collection.
■ 10. CAUSEAND EFFECT DIAGRAM Measurement Materials Method analytical
procedure Sampling
■ 11. REVIEWTHE OTHER 3 BASICTOOLS Pareto Chart 80-20 rule.
■ 12. ADDRESSYOUR CONCLUSION Follow MECE Principle mutually exclusive and
collectively exhaustive South East North Seattle East ←→↑ Grouping Find what’ve
been missing East South ↓ North ↑ SeattleWest North ← BlueWest Blue west south
north direction SummarizingWest→ EastWest South North

5. More measurement tools
Histograms a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a
variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.
Run chart A run chart is a line graph of data plotted over time. By collecting and charting data
over time, you can find trends or patterns in the process.
Scatter
diagrams
a type of plot or mathematical diagram usingCartesian coordinates to display
values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are color-coded, one
additional variable can be displayed.
Cause and
affect
Diagrams
Show the causes of a specific event.
Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation
Paretos Chart a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are
represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented
by the line.