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Scintillation counters are used in cosmic ray detection by registering secondary particles produced when cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere. The document describes a muon telescope experiment using two scintillation counters in coincidence with a photomultiplier tube to study muons in a specific area. While the scintillation counters provided an accurate method for muon detection, a new scintillator was needed as testing revealed issues with the current material.
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Tra Trieste e Nova Gorica per lo studio dei fenomeni ultraveloci / Between Trieste and Nova Gorica for the study of ultra-fast phenomena - by Cesare Grazioli
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Presentation about researches that won the Nobel Prize as a part of the seminar class of the School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology.
The extremely high albedo of LTT 9779 b revealed by CHEOPS
Optical secondary eclipse measurements of small planets can provide a wealth of information about the reflective properties
of these worlds, but the measurements are particularly challenging to attain because of their relatively shallow depth. If such signals
can be detected and modeled, however, they can provide planetary albedos, thermal characteristics, and information on absorbers in
the upper atmosphere.
Aims. We aim to detect and characterize the optical secondary eclipse of the planet LTT 9779 b using the CHaracterising ExOPlanet
Satellite (CHEOPS) to measure the planetary albedo and search for the signature of atmospheric condensates.
Methods. We observed ten secondary eclipses of the planet with CHEOPS. We carefully analyzed and detrended the light curves using
three independent methods to perform the final astrophysical detrending and eclipse model fitting of the individual and combined light
curves.
Results. Each of our analysis methods yielded statistically similar results, providing a robust detection of the eclipse of LTT 9779 b
with a depth of 115±24 ppm. This surprisingly large depth provides a geometric albedo for the planet of 0.80+0.10
−0.17, consistent with
estimates of radiative-convective models. This value is similar to that of Venus in our own Solar System. When combining the eclipse
from CHEOPS with the measurements from TESS and Spitzer, our global climate models indicate that LTT 9779 b likely has a super
metal-rich atmosphere, with a lower limit of 400× solar being found, and the presence of silicate clouds. The observations also reveal
hints of optical eclipse depth variability, but these have yet to be confirmed.
Conclusions. The results found here in the optical when combined with those in the near-infrared provide the first steps toward
understanding the atmospheric structure and physical processes of ultrahot Neptune worlds that inhabit the Neptune desert.
Aip pg book of abstracts
This document summarizes several abstracts presented at the AIP Bi-Annual Postgraduate Conference on September 7-8, 2001. The abstracts covered topics related to gravitational waves, opto-acoustic interactions, quantum mechanics, spin waves, frequency sources, phonon lasers, nanostructure fabrication, and silicon nanowire growth. Experimental and theoretical work was presented across various fields of physics including general relativity, quantum physics, condensed matter physics, and nanotechnology.
Silicon Happy Valley 2016
The presentation discusses the evolution of space-based magnetometers from early fluxgate designs to more advanced solid-state technologies. It provides context on magnetometry and its importance for scientific discovery in fields like heliophysics, planetary science, and earth science. Examples are given of magnetometers used on past and current NASA missions. The presentation then shifts to discussing the speaker's current research developing a new silicon carbide magnetometer for space applications.
New
Kin Fai Mak was awarded the Young Scientist Prize by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics' Commission on Quantum Electronics for his ground-breaking contributions to measuring and understanding the novel optical properties of atomically thin 2D materials like graphene. Nickolas Vamivakas also received the prize for extending the field of experimental quantum optics from atomic to solid-state systems by combining quantum optics tools with quantum dots and defects in solids. This allows discrete optical transitions in solids and new approaches to quantum science and technology using solid-state quantum emitters.
CP3 talk- PhD project 2011
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2) Simulating anomalous quartic gauge couplings using effective field theories and developing new analysis techniques.
3) Studying a proposed new forward detector called GasToF that could help detect forward scattered protons and measure exclusive processes at higher LHC energies.
An elevation of 0.1 light-seconds for the optical jet base in an accreting Ga...
Relativistic plasma jets are observed in many systems that
host accreting black holes. According to theory, coiled magnetic
fields close to the black hole accelerate and collimate the
plasma, leading to a jet being launched1–3. Isolating emission
from this acceleration and collimation zone is key to measuring
its size and understanding jet formation physics. But this
is challenging because emission from the jet base cannot
easily be disentangled from other accreting components. Here,
we show that rapid optical flux variations from an accreting
Galactic black-hole binary are delayed with respect to X-rays
radiated from close to the black hole by about 0.1 seconds, and
that this delayed signal appears together with a brightening
radio jet. The origin of these subsecond optical variations
has hitherto been controversial4–8. Not only does our work
strongly support a jet origin for the optical variations but it
also sets a characteristic elevation of ≲ 103 Schwarzschild
radii for the main inner optical emission zone above the black
hole9, constraining both internal shock10 and magnetohydrodynamic11
models. Similarities with blazars12,13 suggest that jet
structure and launching physics could potentially be unified
under mass-invariant models. Two of the best-studied jetted
black-hole binaries show very similar optical lags8,14,15, so this
size scale may be a defining feature of such systems.
637126main stysley presentation
This proposal seeks funding to develop laser-based optical trapping, or "tractor beams", for remote sampling of particles in space. Tractor beams could non-invasively collect samples from comets, asteroids, planetary atmospheres and surfaces. This would enable new types of sampling missions without landers or sample return. The proposal outlines developing tractor beam technology through lab experiments and scaling it for potential applications on spacecraft. Developing tractor beams could significantly expand NASA's capability to remotely collect and analyze samples throughout the solar system.
An eclipsing binary_distance_to_the_large_magellanic_cloud_accurate_to_two_pe...
This document reports on a study that measured the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using 8 eclipsing binary star systems composed of late-type giant stars. The study obtained high-resolution spectra and photometry of the binary systems. It analyzed the data using modeling techniques to determine physical properties with a few percent accuracy. Distances were then calculated combining angular sizes from surface brightness relations with linear sizes from modeling. This yielded a weighted mean distance to the LMC of 49.97 ± 0.19 (statistical) ± 1.11 (systematic) kiloparsecs, accurate to 2.2%. This provides an improved anchor for determining the Hubble constant.
X ray crystallography
X- Rays were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen, so x-rays are also called Roentgen rays.
X-ray diffraction in crystals was discovered by Max von Laue. The wavelength range is 10-7 to about 10-15 m.
The penetrating power of x-rays depends on energy-
Hard x-rays: High frequency & More energy
Soft x-rays: Less penetrating & Low energy
X-rays are short-wavelength electromagnetic radiations produced by the deceleration of high energy electrons or by electronic transitions of electrons in the inner orbital of atoms.
X-ray region- 0.1-100 A˚
Analytical purpose- 0.7-2 A˚
Properties: Highly penetrating invisible rays
Liberate minute amounts of heat on passing through matter
Not deflected by electric and magnetic fields
Poly energetic, having widespread energies and wavelengths
Cause ionization (adding or removing electrons in atoms and molecules)
Transmitted by (pass-through) healthy body tissue
Principle: X-ray diffraction is based on constructive interference of monochromatic x-rays and a crystalline sample.
The interaction of incident rays with the sample produces constructive interference when conditions satisfy Bragg’s law.
Production of x rays: X- Rays are generated when the high velocity of electrons impinge on a metal target.
1% of total energy of the electron beam is converted into X –radiation.
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Jermaine Taylor Presentation
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- 1. Applications of Scintillation Counters in Cosmic Ray Detection Leila Jewell NSF REU program Advisor: Dr. Corbin Covault, Physicist: Katarzyna Oldak Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Physics
- 4. Cherenkov Radiation Detector Coincidence Unit Photomultiplier tube (PMT) with optical concentrator Scintillation counter, protected by a crab box
- 10. Questions? Thank you, Leila Jewell [email_address]