L44 X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

1. OML751 TESTING OF MATERIALS
M.KARTHIKEYAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AAA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SIVAKASI
karthikeyan@aaacet.ac.in

2. UNIT V OTHER TESTING
1. Thermal Testing: Differential scanning calorimetry,
2. Differential thermal analysis. Thermo-mechanical and
3. Dynamic mechanical analysis:
4. Chemical Testing: X-Ray Fluorescence
5. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and
6. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.

3.  XRF is an acronym for X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
 XRF is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine
the elemental composition of materials.
PRINCIPLE
 XRF is based on the principle that individual atoms, when
excited by an external energy source, emit X-ray photons of a
characteristic energy or wavelength.
 By counting the number of photons of each energy emitted from
a sample, the elements present may be identified and
quantitated.

5.  The instrument operates based on the principle of Bragg
diffraction.
 A detector is angularly scanned relative to the analyzing
crystal, registering the spectrum.
 The entire polychromatic spectrum from the sample is incident
upon a detector that is capable of registering the energy of each
photon that strikes it.
 The detector electronics and data system then build the X-ray
spectrum as a histogram, with number of counts versus energy.

6. APPLICATIONS
 X-Ray fluorescence is used in a wide range of applications,
including research in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
petrology
 soil surveys
 mining (e.g., measuring the grade of ore)
 cement production
 ceramic and glass manufacturing
 metallurgy (e.g., quality control)
 environmental studies
 petroleum industry
 field analysis in geological and environmental studies

7. • If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter
results in the emission of radiation of the same or longer
wavelengths for a short time, the phenomenon is termed
as which of the following?
Luminescence
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Spontaneous emission
MCQ - 1

8. • The energy of the emitted X-rays depends upon the
_________ of the atom and their intensity depends upon
the __________
Atomic number, amount of sample
Mass number, amount of sample
Mass number, concentration of atoms
Atomic number, concentration of atoms
MCQ - 2

9. • Prompt emission of X-ray by an atom ionised by a higher
energy X-ray is a type of which of the following
phenomena?
Luminescence
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Spontaneous emission
MCQ - 3

10. • The measurement of intensity of fluorescent X-rays
provide a simple and ____________ way of _____________
analysis.
Destructive, quantitative
Non-destructive, quantitative
Destructive, qualitative
Non-destructive, qualitative
MCQ - 4

11. • Which of the following components of the X-ray
fluorescent spectrometer induces fluorescent radiation?
Excitation source
Energy analyser
X-ray spectrometer
Detection System
MCQ - 5