Tra Trieste e Nova Gorica per lo studio dei fenomeni ultraveloci / Between Trieste and Nova Gorica for the study of ultra-fast phenomena - by Cesare Grazioli

1. Tra Trieste e Nova Gorica per lo studio dei
fenomeni ultraveloci
Between Trieste and Nova Gorica for the
study of ultra-fast phenomena
Cesare Grazioli
? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ?

2. Project U TRST-NoMa
Talents for an International House
(TALENTS)
Grant Agreement number: 245574
Ultrafast Time Resolved SpecTroscopy on Novel Materials
• What is Spectroscopy?
• Ultrafast Technology
• The Origin Institution
• The Host Institution
• Working between Trieste and Nova Gorica
(and Europe)
• Research on Novel Materials

3. What is spectroscopy?
The study of the interaction of matter with light
Specifically, looking at how energy is stored in a
molecule, how it gains or loses energy, and how energy
moves around inside the molecule.
The electromagnetic spectrum is BROAD
MANY techniques:
Absorption spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
Visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy
Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
CARS spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Photoemission spectroscopy
Mössbauer spectroscopy (…….)

4. An example of our capabilities:
Scientists at IBM Research have made “the world's smallest movie”
by moving individual atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope.
http://www.research.ibm.com/articles/madewithatoms.shtml
Cu(111)
Tip
CO
Several molecules of CO on
Copper (111)
We have reached a high degree of sophistication in terms of
prediction and control of the static properties at the microscopic
scale
Hundreds of frames that have been assembled for a movie
A Boy and His Atom

5. Bet: Do all four hooves
of a trotting horse ever
simultaneously leave
the ground?
The Birth of Ultrafast “Technology”
Leland Stanford Eadweard Muybridge
Time Resolution:
1/60th of a second
The "Trotting Horse”
Controversy Palo Alto, CA 1872

6. Observation of the
process from birth to
death of a molecule
Developments of Ultrafast Technology
Ahmed Zewail
Nobel prize 1999
Time Resolution:
10 fs
Apparatus with an ultrafast laser to be used on a
molecular beam. The beam and the picosecond
laser system were interfaced. The goal of the
project began as wanting to directly measure the
rate of vibrational-energy redistribution for an
isolated molecule using the picosecond laser.

7. Why “femtoseconds”?
Photodissociation dynamics
hv
n e-
Photoionization
dynamics
Spectroscopy
+
Photodissociation dynamics
hv
n e-
Photoionization
dynamics
Spectroscopy
+VUV
Soft-X-Rays
A chemical reaction, typically,
happens in some tens or hundreds of
femtoseconds (fs)
1 fs = 0.000000000000001 s
one millionth of a billionth of seconds
Today, thanks to the development of advanced light sources (synchrotrons,
free electron lasers) we are able to follow and to study a reaction that takes
place with these time scales.
We are also able to understand ‘why some reactions do occur and why others do
not. This and a branch of physics and chemistry which is called
femtochemistry.

8. Advanced light sources
ELETTRA
Novel Light Sources
FERMI
(Gas Phase beamline)
in Trieste (Basovizza)femtochemistry

9. (LDM beamline)
Advanced light sources
ELETTRA
Novel Light Sources
FERMI
in Trieste (Basovizza)femtochemistry

10. Gas Phase beamline
1997-2013: 16y activity
Broad Photon energy range [13-900eV]
high Resolving Power [E/DE>104]
high Photon Flux : 1012_1010 ph s-1 (100mA ring current)
7 end stations for photoabsorption, photoelectron, fluorescence
and mass spectrometry; advanced electron, ion and photon
coincidence spectroscopies.
An external ps/fs laser for two colour pump-probe experiments.
The BL can also accomodate user owned end-stations.
Δ

11. LDM@FERMI
Our 4th generation facility for Atoms, Moleculse and Clusters
Full range tunability (laser seeded FEL)
Fundamental phenomena:
multiphoton absorption and
photoemission
Focus on dilute species:
spectroscopy of clusters and
nanodroplets
Pump-probe in fs domain with
VUV –X photons + optical laser

12. A laboratory for ultrafast
spectroscopy and femtochemistry
based on a state-of-the-art fs-laser
HHG source in the VUV,
at University of Nova Gorica (Dept.
Physics, campus of Ajdovščina),
and a scientific case on pump-probe
experiments, in close collaboration
with the LDM beamline of FERMI.
In Nova Gorica (Ajdovščina)femtochemistry
Laboratory of Quantum Optics: development and
characterization of methods based on the use of innovative
light sources
CITIUS Lab

13. funding from (FP7) Italo-Slovenian Cross – Border Cooperation Program
The CITIUS network
ELETTRA/FERMI
generation of light from
relativistic electrons
and its use for
investigation of matter
structure
UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA
design and contruction of new generation
light sources (several years of
collaborations with Sincrotrone Trieste)
Laboratory of organic matter physics, that
will be actively involved in the exploitation
of the new light source
CNR-LUXOR
Design and construction
of instrumentation for
photon handling and
spectroscopy on ultra-
short femtosecond and
attosecond pulses in the
extreme-ultraviolet
KONTROLNI SISTEMI d.o.o.
Remote Control for
all “smart” devices
from one point.
Automatic control
User interface
UNIVERSITY OF
LUBIANA
Stabilization of
light mechanical
constructions
CNR-ISOF
Synthesis of new
products and
development of
innovative
methodologies in
organic synthesis.
The CITIUS collaborations
SOLEIL, the French
national synchrotron
facility
Uppsala University
Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Molecular
and Condensed Matter
Physics

14. The new lab in Ajdovščina
LASER
BEAMLINE
END-STATION
Experimental
chamber

15. Building new lab in Ajdovščina
We broke the
wall through and
reinforced the
whole structure
Creation of an
ISOLATED concrete
base, for higher
stability

16. CITIUS specifications are mainly driven by fs-PES requirements
wavelength range: 60-20 nm, 100 – 50 fs pulses
good average power up to 10 KHz and best possible stability
107 ph/pulse @sample @ 20 eV; 5*105 ph/pulse @sample @ 70 eV
possibility to perform pump-probe experiments: OPA with delay line
tunability in the higher wavelength range under evaluation!!!???
103 ph/pulse @sample in the 100-300 eV hv range, through HHG in Helium (only XAS)
Laser system
Chamber with
gas jet
 /n
Mono
Light spectrometer
Experimental chamber
with electron spectrometer
Sample

Mirror
Delay lineParametric
amplifier
D
the CITIUS Light Source
Coherent “Legend Elite Duo”
seed laser Micra and two amplifying
stages: Evolution 30 (Q-Switched
Nd:YLF) laser Evolution HE (Q-
Switched Nd:YLF) laser
100Hz, 1 kHz, 5 kHz and 10 kHz
repetition-rate.
3.1mJ and <40fs at 5 kHz
Two thirds of the energy is used for
HHG,
one third as a pump for OPA or IR part
in the pump-probe experiments
HHG chamber with gas jetMonochromator and recombination
chamber
Experimental chamberPath of the IR pump (or OPA) with delay
line

17. Assembling the beamline in Basovizza

18. IRMA – L.U.R.E. SOLEIL
M. Sacchi et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 2791 (2003)
- Two circle goniometer
- UHV
- Applied magnetic field up to 1500 Oe
- Temperature control (-20  120 ˚C)
- Detection: PD and CEM on the goniometer
MCP or CCD at fixed angle
S. Valencia, et al. New Journal of Physics 8 (2006) 254
Permalloy
a test: X-Ray Magnetic Scattering with IRMA
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
norm.scatteredintensity(arb.units)
H (Oe)
hyst. loop for Dt < 0 ps
hyst. loop for Dt > 1.0 ps
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
0.05
0.10
0.15 Data: Data9_D
Model: ExpDec1
Equation: y = A1*exp(-x/t1) + y0
Weighting:
y No weighting
Chi^2/DoF = 0.00012
R^2 = 0.91514
y0 0.02588 ±0.00423
A1 0.08695 ±0.00616
t1 0.21437 ±0.02642
pump probe delay (ps)
Data9_D
ExpDec5_B
LinearFit2_Data9DI+
+ I-
I+
- I-
Hysteresis loops as a
function of the delay:
demagnetization
WE CAN PERFORM
EXPERIMENTS ON
MAGNETISM

19. ULLA: end-station with a hemispherical
electron spectrometer SES 200
(collaboration with Uppsala University)
Temporal characterization of the EUV
pulses
Cross correlation measurement in gas
phase (side bands)
LAPE on a
Kr gas jet
HH 15 (23.1 eV)
+
Ti:Sa (1.55 eV)
Δt = 35 fs !!!
characterization: photoemission with ULLA

20. CITIUS END-STATION
Design:
1. Fast Entry
2. Conventional surface preparation
stage
3. Measuring stage:
SPECTROMETERS
- ARPES / XPS
- time and angle resolved Time of
Flight electron analyzer
cryogenic manipulator (L-He) 10 K
June 2012
Experiment in MAX-LAB (Sweden)
The state-of-the-art SCIENTA SPECTROMETERS

21. SCIENTA ARTOF 10k Spectrometer
• New type of electron
spectrometer
• ARTOF 10k (Angle
Resolved Time Of
Flight)
– Outstanding energy
resolution
– Excellent angular
resolution
– Up to 250 times
higher transmission

22. WHAT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DO...
Data acquired at Artemis
Central Laser Facility
R.A.L. Didcot - Oxford (U.K.)
Bi2Se3
topological
insulator
M. Bianchi et
al., Nature
Communication
s 1, Article
number: 128

23. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GIOVANNI DE NINNO - GROUP LEADER, UNG / ELETTRA
DAVID GAUTHIER - UNG / ELETTRA
ROSEN IVANOV - UNG / ELETTRA
SANDRA GARDONIO - UNG
MARCELLO CORENO - C.N.R. / ELETTRA
BARBARA RESSEL - UNG
CARLO SPEZZANI - ELETTRA
ALESSANDRA CIAVARDINI – UNIROMA 1
LUCA POLETTO - C.N.R. LUXOR
FABIO FRASSETTO - C.N.R. LUXOR
PAOLO MIOTTI - C.N.R. LUXOR
ELEONORA POLO - C.N.R. ISOF
MIRAN MERHAR - UNI. LJ.
BOJAN GOSPODARIČ - UNI. LJ.
DAMJAN GOLOB - KONTROLNI SISTEMI
ALJAŽ PODBORŠEK- KONTROLNI SISTEMI