This document summarizes several abstracts presented at the AIP Bi-Annual Postgraduate Conference on September 7-8, 2001. The abstracts covered topics related to gravitational waves, opto-acoustic interactions, quantum mechanics, spin waves, frequency sources, phonon lasers, nanostructure fabrication, and silicon nanowire growth. Experimental and theoretical work was presented across various fields of physics including general relativity, quantum physics, condensed matter physics, and nanotechnology.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a largely used technique to identify the functional groups in the materials (gas, liquid, and solid) by using the beam of infrared radiations. An infrared spectroscopy measures the absorption of IR radiation made by each bond in the molecule and as a result gives spectrum which is commonly designated as % transmittance versus wavenumber (cm−1). The IR region is at lower energy and higher wavelength than the UV-visible light and has higher energy or shorter wavelength than the microwave radiations. For the determination of functional groups in a molecule, it must be IR active. An IR active molecule is the one which has dipole moment. When the IR radiation interacts with the covalent bond of the materials having an electric dipole, the molecule absorbs energy, and the bond starts back and forth oscillation. Therefore, the oscillation which cause the change in the net dipole moment of the molecule should absorb IR radiations.
A single atom doesn’t absorb IR radiation as it has no chemical bond.
Symmetrical molecules also do not absorbed IR radiation, because of zero dipole moment. For example, H2 molecule has two H atoms; both cancel the effect of each other and giving zero dipole moment to H2 molecule. Therefore, H2 molecule is not an IR active molecule. On the other hand, HF is an IR active molecule, because when IR radiation interacts with HF molecule, the charge transferred toward the fluorine atom and as a result fluorine becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive, giving net dipole moment to H-F molecule. A particular IR radiation will be absorbed by a particular bond in the molecule, because every bond has their particular natural vibrational frequency. For example, a molecule such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) containing various bonds (C-C, C-H, C-O, O-H, and C=O), all these bonds are absorbed at specific wavelength and are not affected by other bond. In general we can say that two molecules with different structures don’t have the same infrared spectrum, although some of the frequencies might be same.
Presenting a topic based on introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
what is nano?
certain nomenclature like nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanometer and so on.
surface to volume ratio and quantum effect related concepts.
future applications.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a largely used technique to identify the functional groups in the materials (gas, liquid, and solid) by using the beam of infrared radiations. An infrared spectroscopy measures the absorption of IR radiation made by each bond in the molecule and as a result gives spectrum which is commonly designated as % transmittance versus wavenumber (cm−1). The IR region is at lower energy and higher wavelength than the UV-visible light and has higher energy or shorter wavelength than the microwave radiations. For the determination of functional groups in a molecule, it must be IR active. An IR active molecule is the one which has dipole moment. When the IR radiation interacts with the covalent bond of the materials having an electric dipole, the molecule absorbs energy, and the bond starts back and forth oscillation. Therefore, the oscillation which cause the change in the net dipole moment of the molecule should absorb IR radiations.
A single atom doesn’t absorb IR radiation as it has no chemical bond.
Symmetrical molecules also do not absorbed IR radiation, because of zero dipole moment. For example, H2 molecule has two H atoms; both cancel the effect of each other and giving zero dipole moment to H2 molecule. Therefore, H2 molecule is not an IR active molecule. On the other hand, HF is an IR active molecule, because when IR radiation interacts with HF molecule, the charge transferred toward the fluorine atom and as a result fluorine becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive, giving net dipole moment to H-F molecule. A particular IR radiation will be absorbed by a particular bond in the molecule, because every bond has their particular natural vibrational frequency. For example, a molecule such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) containing various bonds (C-C, C-H, C-O, O-H, and C=O), all these bonds are absorbed at specific wavelength and are not affected by other bond. In general we can say that two molecules with different structures don’t have the same infrared spectrum, although some of the frequencies might be same.
Presenting a topic based on introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
what is nano?
certain nomenclature like nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanometer and so on.
surface to volume ratio and quantum effect related concepts.
future applications.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Với thiết bị quang phổ cầm tay Mira bạn có thể thu được các thông số hóa học một cách nhanh nhất của các mẫu chưa biết trước. Chỉ cần vài giây, thiết bị phân tích cầm tay cung cấp cho bạn kết quả với độ tin cậy cao, phân tích kết quả một cách dễ dàng, cho phép kiểm tra nguyên liệu đầu vào hoặc xác định chất lượng hàng hóa.
Kết quả có độ lặp lại cao ngay các mẫu có thành phần phức tạp nhờ vào kỹ thuật Orbital-Raster-Scan(ORS)
Độ linh hoạt cao – “Thư Viện Mở” đảm bảo kết quả có độ tin cậy cao nhất
Giảm kích thước tới tối đa – Cầm tay, thiết kế compact
Thông tin chi tiết tại Website: http://metrohmhoay.gianhangvn.com/quang-pho-cam-tay-mira-3-806268.html
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Likhith KLIKHITHK1
Scanning Electron Microscope functions exactly as their optical counterparts except that they use a focused beam of electrons instead of light to “image” the specimen and gain information as to its structure and composition. Given sufficient light, the unaided human eye can distinguish two points 0.2 mm apart. If the points are closer together, they will appear as a single point. This distance is called the resolving power or resolution of the eye. Similarly, light microscopes use visible light (400- 700nm) and transparent lenses to see objects as small as about one micrometer (one millionth of a meter), such as a red blood cell (7 μm) or a human hair (100 μm). Light microscope has a magnification of about 1000x and enables the eye to resolve objects separated by 200 nm. Electron Microscopes were developed due to the limitations of light microscopes, which are limited by the physics of light. Electron Microscopes are capable of much higher magnifications and have a greater resolving power than a light microscope, allowing it to see much smaller objects at sub cellular, molecular and atomic level. The smallest the wavelength of the illuminating sources is the best resolution of the microscope. De Broglie defined the wavelength of moving particles (electron) λ = h/mv, Where λ= wavelength of particles, h= Planck, s constant, m= mass of the particle (electron), v= velocity of the particles; after substituting the known values, λ = 12.3 Ao/V. The resolution of an optical microscope is defined as the shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer or camera system as separate entities. Resolution (r) = λ/ (2NA), Where λ is the imaging wavelength, NA is objective numerical aperture. Magnification is the process of enlarging the appearance, not physical size, of something. Magnification is defined as the ratio of image distance versus object distance. M= v/u, Where M= magnification, u= object distance, v= image distance. Magnification is also defined as the ratio of the resolving power of the eye to resolving power (δ) of the microscope M= δ eye/ δ microscope.
Dr. Riq Parra presents an overview of his program, Ultrashort Pulse (USP) Laser -- Matter Interactions, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Using Metamaterial as Optical Perfect AbsorberSepehr A. Benis
Article review and presentation on basics of using metamaterials as optical perfect absorbers
Metamaterial Course Final Project ( Optional Graduate Course )
Dr. Leyla Yousefi
Với thiết bị quang phổ cầm tay Mira bạn có thể thu được các thông số hóa học một cách nhanh nhất của các mẫu chưa biết trước. Chỉ cần vài giây, thiết bị phân tích cầm tay cung cấp cho bạn kết quả với độ tin cậy cao, phân tích kết quả một cách dễ dàng, cho phép kiểm tra nguyên liệu đầu vào hoặc xác định chất lượng hàng hóa.
Kết quả có độ lặp lại cao ngay các mẫu có thành phần phức tạp nhờ vào kỹ thuật Orbital-Raster-Scan(ORS)
Độ linh hoạt cao – “Thư Viện Mở” đảm bảo kết quả có độ tin cậy cao nhất
Giảm kích thước tới tối đa – Cầm tay, thiết kế compact
Thông tin chi tiết tại Website: http://metrohmhoay.gianhangvn.com/quang-pho-cam-tay-mira-3-806268.html
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Likhith KLIKHITHK1
Scanning Electron Microscope functions exactly as their optical counterparts except that they use a focused beam of electrons instead of light to “image” the specimen and gain information as to its structure and composition. Given sufficient light, the unaided human eye can distinguish two points 0.2 mm apart. If the points are closer together, they will appear as a single point. This distance is called the resolving power or resolution of the eye. Similarly, light microscopes use visible light (400- 700nm) and transparent lenses to see objects as small as about one micrometer (one millionth of a meter), such as a red blood cell (7 μm) or a human hair (100 μm). Light microscope has a magnification of about 1000x and enables the eye to resolve objects separated by 200 nm. Electron Microscopes were developed due to the limitations of light microscopes, which are limited by the physics of light. Electron Microscopes are capable of much higher magnifications and have a greater resolving power than a light microscope, allowing it to see much smaller objects at sub cellular, molecular and atomic level. The smallest the wavelength of the illuminating sources is the best resolution of the microscope. De Broglie defined the wavelength of moving particles (electron) λ = h/mv, Where λ= wavelength of particles, h= Planck, s constant, m= mass of the particle (electron), v= velocity of the particles; after substituting the known values, λ = 12.3 Ao/V. The resolution of an optical microscope is defined as the shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer or camera system as separate entities. Resolution (r) = λ/ (2NA), Where λ is the imaging wavelength, NA is objective numerical aperture. Magnification is the process of enlarging the appearance, not physical size, of something. Magnification is defined as the ratio of image distance versus object distance. M= v/u, Where M= magnification, u= object distance, v= image distance. Magnification is also defined as the ratio of the resolving power of the eye to resolving power (δ) of the microscope M= δ eye/ δ microscope.
Dr. Riq Parra presents an overview of his program, Ultrashort Pulse (USP) Laser -- Matter Interactions, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Using Metamaterial as Optical Perfect AbsorberSepehr A. Benis
Article review and presentation on basics of using metamaterials as optical perfect absorbers
Metamaterial Course Final Project ( Optional Graduate Course )
Dr. Leyla Yousefi
Day to create awareness about Longevity Research on 1st of October (also International Day of older persons)
Longevity Alliance website- http://longevityalliance.org/
Longevity Day (from last year)- http://www.longevityday.org/, Facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/LongevityDay
Article about Longevity Day in IEET- http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/longevityday20130919
Fighting Aging- https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2013/08/international-longevity-day-october-1st.php
Other relevant websites-
Longevity for All- http://www.longevityforall.org/
Longecity- http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/380-asia-india/
Biology of Aging (Israel)- http://www.bioaging.org.il/
Co-host- Avinash Singh (Founder, India Future Society), Dr. Ilia Stambler (Phd and Longevity researcher from Israel), India Future Society (Website- www.indiafuturesociety.org)
India Future Society is also the ONLY proud organizer of Longevity Day in all over India for the last two years, 2012 and 2013 in October month.
Event time- between 28th September and 5th October.
Medium- Google Hangout and Live Streaming
Time- 04 PM - 8 PM IST (GMT + 5:30 Hours)
the paper focuses on the fabrication and characterization of heterostructures using transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers. The authors describe the process of mechanical exfoliation to obtain thin flakes of TMDC material, which are then placed on a viscoelastic polydimethylsiloxane film. These monolayers are subsequently stamped onto a silicon wafer covered with thermal oxide to create heterobilayers .
The paper also discusses the use of ultrafast optical-pump/terahertz-probe near-field microscopy to study these heterostructures. The authors explain that this technique allows them to investigate the electric near fields and scattered fields of the emitted waveforms, as well as the photo-induced polarizability .
The experimental setup involves a high-average-power, low-noise Yb:YAG thin-disc oscillator, which generates terahertz probe pulses through optical rectification of 200-fs-long pulses. These pulses are centered at a wavelength of 1,030 nm and are generated in a gallium phosphide crystal .
The paper likely includes additional details on the experimental procedures, data analysis, and results obtained from the terahertz near-field microscopy experiments. It may also discuss the potential applications and implications of the findings
Optical Properties of Mesoscopic Systems of Coupled MicrospheresShashaanka Ashili
Two mechanisms of optical coupling between spherical cavities, tight-binding between their whispering gallery modes and focusing produced by periodically coupled microlenses, are directly observed using spatially resolved scattering spectroscopy and imaging. The results can be used for developing device concepts of lasers, optical filters, microspectrometers and sensors based on mesoscopic systems of coupled microspheres.
Meta materials are advance materials with negative refractive index, they show excellent applications like cloaking effect, super lens, WMD detectors also flying doughnut etc. They are very futuristic . This presentation explains the basic definition, history, scientific principle and its applications etc.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. AIP Bi-Annual Postgraduate Conference
7th – 8th September 2001
Anapana Ridge, 38 Gilchrist Road, LESMURDIE WA
http://www.anapanaridge.com/index.html
Book of Abstracts
Edited by Dr. Christine Creagh
Murdoch University
1
3. Gravitational wave background from coalescing binary black holes
Xing-Jiang Zhu (zhuxingjiang@gmail.com or 20878939@student.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisor: Prof. David Blair
Gravitational wave group, UWA
Abstract:
Gravitational waves, ripples in the curvature of space-time, are predicted by Einstein’s theory of
general relativity. Strong evidences for their existence have come from astronomical observations
of the orbital decay of binary pulsars. The first unambiguous direct detection of gravitational
waves is expected in a few years with the advent of advanced interferometric detectors. A
stochastic gravitational wave background signal can be produced by a cosmological population of
astrophysical sources distributed throughout the Universe. This work considers the gravitational
wave background signal produced by inspiraling binary black hole systems, expected to be one of
the most energetic emitters of gravitational waves. This signal is important as it could provide
information on the average properties and distribution of black holes throughout the cosmos. It
could also mask the much sought primordial signal from the earliest epochs of the Universe. In
this talk I firstly introduce gravitational wave sources and detectors before discussing the concept
of an astrophysical gravitational wave background signal. I finish by presenting recent published
results on the background signal from coalescing binary black hole systems.
3
4. Three-mode opto-acoustic parametric interaction in a coupled optical cavity
Xu Chen (chenxu@cyllene.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisors: Chunnong Zhao, Li Ju, David Blair
Gravity group, University of Western Australia
Abstract:
Advanced laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors require high optical power in order
to improve the coupling between the gravitational wave signal and the optical field. However,
interferometers with high density optical fields suffer the possibility of three-mode opto-acoustic
parametric instabilities. The three-mode parametric interactions can be considered as a scattering
process between two optical modes and an acoustic mode. The mirror with an acoustic resonator
frequency scatters the high power incident light into upper and lower sidebands. If the frequency
different between two optical modes is equal to the mirror acoustic resonant frequency, it can
cause an amplification of the acoustic mode and cause the gravitation detectors to go out of
operation.
My study is investigating three-mode parametric interactions on a tabletop experiment with a
coupled cavity (a membrane in the middle of a simple cavity). The tabletop experiment provides
a test bed for three-mode parametric interaction. By studying these exciting new interactions, we
can build an opto-acoustic parametric amplifier which will amplify sound with light.
4
5. Quantum Mechanics? No Dice!
Bruce M Hartley (15911480@student.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisor : Winthrop Professor Ian McArthur
Field Theory and Quantum Gravity Research Group
University of Western Australia
Abstract:
For over eighty years the standard model of quantum theory has been that of the Copenhagen
School. It is based on the Bohr model of the atom, the wave nature of particles proposed by de
Broglie, the uncertainly relationships of Heisenberg, and Planck and Einstein’s quantisation of
the electromagnetic field. A statistical interpretation of measurement developed, which
precluded the ability to track particles. Yet there was a competing proposal based on a similar
picture of atomic phenomena but with the ability to track particles and which doesn’t conflict
with any experimental data. This deterministic interpretation was proposed by deBroglie in the
1920s and developed by Bohm from the 1950s. It is based on the Schrödinger equation and is
now known as Bohmian Mechanics and is an alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation. It is
considered, by its adherents, as the most complete expression of atomic quantum theory. It has
recently been applied in the analysis of the basic physical observations which underlie the
concept of quantisation of the electromagnetic field into photons. The analysis shows that, in a
deterministic framework, photon quantisation is unnecessary for interpreting the key experiments
of the photoelectric effect and Compton scatter. I will describe the how the de Broglie Bohm
picture of quantum mechanics is derived from solutions of the Schrödinger Equation by
introducing a new potential and how that is used to track particle. I will use the double slit
experiment to illustrate the concepts of quantum potential and the tracking of particles. The key
concept of quantum potential has as yet no physical interpretation. I will make a physically
consistent conjecture for an interpretation, based on electromagnetic fields in atomic interactions.
I will then propose a method of testing this conjecture using numerical modelling.
5
6. Roberts Linkage as a very low frequency suspension and control element in
3rd generation gravitational wave detectors
Siddartha S Verma (vermas05@student.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisors: Prof. David G. Blair, Assoc. Prof. Chunnong Zhao, Assoc. Prof. Li Ju, Research
Australian International Gravitational Research Center (AIGRC)
School of Physics, UWA
Abstract:
Next generation gravitational wave detectors are aiming for very low frequency stage operation.
While advanced second generation instruments are limited to greater than 10 Hz operation, third
generation projects are aiming to access the frequency region between 1 Hz to 10 Hz. To achieve
sensitivity in this regime requires even lower frequency suspension and control stages than
offered in current instruments. Here we demonstrate a Roberts linkage vibration isolation stage
which may benefit such projects. It emulates a very low frequency pendulum in a compact stage,
and has the added benefit of allowing low frequency position control using electrically controlled
thermal expansion of its suspension wires. This method attenuates the seismic translational noise
through actuation. We show here that using multiple parallel wires and a thermal offset the
radiative response time can be increased, and that the corner frequency in the frequency response
of the vibration isolation stage can be raised to 100 mHz or more.
6
7. Excitation of spin waves in a magnetic nano-stripe array by direct injection of
microwave currents using a coplanar probe.
Crosby Chang (changc05@student.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisor: Dr. Mikhail Kostylev
Condensed Matter Group
School of Physics, University of Western Australia
Abstract:
Magnetic nano-stripe (MNS) arrays show promising
technological applications in microwave filtering, delay, and magnetic memory storage. One way
to characterise the dynamic magnetic properties of magnetic materials is by performing
ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiments. The non-uniform spin wave modes (SSWMs) in
thin magnetic films and nanostructures provide important information about their magnetic
properties. Very often they are lacking in the recorded FMR spectra for symmetry reasons. In this
work, we perform FMR experiments on a MNS array using a new method; by direct injection of
microwave currents into the MNS array using Picoprobe®, which is a sub-millimetre sized
microwave coplanar probe.
The probe we used has a ground-signal -ground tip width of 400 microns. The probe is mounted
on a high precision translation stage with 3 degrees of translation freedom and 1 degree of
rotation freedom. A custom-made probe station has been made to house the translation stage,
substrate holder, electromagnets, and a digital microscope. Probe motion is monitored using the
microscope, and probe contact onto the MNS array is established by measuring the DC resistance
across the probe tips. These ensure good contact and parallelism of the probe tip with the MNS
array.
In contrast with the ‘traditional’ microstrip method, our coplanar probe method is able to
efficiently excite non-uniform standing spin wave modes (SSWMs) with odd symmetry in the
MNS array. We propose that this is due to confinement of real microwave currents along the
nano-stripes which induce a non-uniform microwave magnetic field, and which in turn, couples
efficiently with the non-uniform SSWMs with odd symmetry. The proposed method is quick and
allows easy spatial mapping of magnetic properties with resolution down to 100 microns, which
is the tip size of the smallest commercially available Picoprobe®.
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8. Generation of 103.75 GHz CW Source with 5.10-16 Frequency Instability Using
Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators
Romain Bara (romain.bara@cyllene.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisors: Michael E. Tobar Fellow IEEE, Eugene N. Ivanov,
Jean-Michel Le Floch,
FSM / School of Physics, University of Western Australia
Abstract:
Precise frequency generation is important for a variety of applications including radar,
telecommunications, positioning and navigation system, geodesy and time keeping, tests of
fundamental physics and radio astronomy. So far, signals with short-term fractional frequency
instability of a few parts in 1016 have been generated at microwave frequencies only. This was
achieved either with classical oscillators based on sapphire loaded cavity resonators cooled to
liquid helium temperature, termed “sapphire clocks” or “cryogenic sapphire oscillators” (CSO),
or via the use of mode-locked laser technology by extracting high order harmonics of pulse
repetition rate from a femtosecond pulse train referenced to an ultra-stable laser. We report on the
generation of millimeter wave signals with frequency instability of a few parts in 1016. Such
performance was achieved at 103.750 GHz by frequency multiplication of two nominally
identical 12.969 GHz oscillators based on liquid helium cooled sapphire dielectric resonators.
The multiplication stages were shown to only add a small amount of noise at averaging times less
than 10 seconds, resulting in a minimum of frequency instability of 5x10-16 at 20 seconds
averaging time. Such ultra-stable signal sources operating at frequencies of 100 GHz are very
important for many applications including high frequency radio astronomy. We demonstrate that
the excellent fractional frequency stability of a typical microwave CSO can be transferred to
frequencies above 100 GHz by means of direct frequency multiplication.
8
9. Designing a Macroscopic Phonon Laser using Cryogenic Sapphire Microwave
Resonators
Warrick Farr (Farrw01@student.uwa.edu.au)
Supervisors: Mike Tobar, Jean-Michel le Floch, Eugene Ivanov
EQUS, UWA
Abstract:
Optical lasers have become ubiquitous in the last 50 years. If we consider phonons as analogues
of photons we may wonder why the phonon laser is not so common. In this work we investigate a
possible technique for creating a macroscopic phonon laser and report on computer simulations
and experiments so far completed.
In a conventional optical laser the first step is the pumping process, where the electrons in the
active medium e.g. crystals or gas, are pumped from the ground state into an excited state in
order to create a population inversion. These electrons decay, and give off photons as
spontaneous emission. Using positive feedback these photons create additional coherent photons
through stimulated emission. Which is outputted as a laser beam.
In an analogue to optical lasers, phonons can also be amplified. Our proposed technique is to
arrange two cylindrical sapphire resonators to interact with each other. By changing the distance
between them we can tune the relative frequency between the 0th and 1st order microwave
modes. This gives a tunable two level system. By pumping the higher frequency 1 st order
microwave mode with an external microwave signal to create a population inversion. Brillouin
scattering processes will create spontaneous phonons at the frequency of the difference between
the microwave modes. If we can tune the microwave modes, we can then tune the phonons to a
frequency which is resonant with the mechanical system. This creates positive feedback on the
two level system, which will continue to create additional phonons due to stimulated emission,
which results in a phonon laser.
For my PhD, we aim to build a phonon laser using sapphire crystals. The first step is completing
simulations of the crystal two level system. In the simulations we investigate the influences on
the cavity setup such as; crystal separation, mode number or temperature. These simulations
clearly prove the theoretical feasibility of the phonon laser.
9
10. Glancing angle deposition: Technique for the fabrication of arrays of
nanostructures
Nikola Radevski (n.radevski@murdoch.edu.au)
Supervisors: David Parlevliet and Christine Creagh
Murdoch University Physics and Nanotechnology Research Group
Abstract:
Glancing angle deposition (Glad) is a physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique used to
fabricate three-dimensional columnar nanostructures by taking advantage of atomic shadowing
(Deniz & Lad, 2011; Zhao, Ye, Wang, & Lu, 2003; Kennedy & Brett, 2004; Hawkeye & Brett,
2007). The technique was first reported in 1959 (Liu, et al., 1999) and combines substrate
rotation with oblique angle of incidence to sculpt various microstructure thin films (Robbie,
Beydaghyan, Brown, Dean, Adams, & Buzea, 2004).
The deposition of thin films requires a material to undergo a phase change from vapour above the
substrate to a solid on the substrate (Hawkeye & Brett, 2007). This process is achieved by
thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation or sputtering techniques. Glad is capable of
growing a variety of complex nanostructure morphologies (Robbie, Beydaghyan, Brown, Dean,
Adams, & Buzea, 2004) by manipulating the angle of incidence and substrate rotation.
Glad enables the growth of columnar structured thin films in: shorter periods of time, with few
material restrictions, and with lower costs (Robbie, Beydaghyan, Brown, Dean, Adams, & Buzea,
2004). These are key concerns of solar cell research. Many of the structures fabricated using Glad
cannot be achieved using other deposition techniques (Robbie, Beydaghyan, Brown, Dean,
Adams, & Buzea, 2004) and a wide range of materials, insulators, metals and semi-conductors,
can be used to fabricate the nanostructures with the technique (Robbie, Beydaghyan, Brown,
Dean, Adams, & Buzea, 2004).
Deniz, D., & Lad, R. J. (2011). Temperature threshold for nanorod structuring of metal and oxide
films by glancing angle deposition. American Vacuum Society , 1 - 6.
Hawkeye, M. M., & Brett, M. J. (2007). Glancing angle deposition: Fabrication, properties, and
applications of micro- and nanostructured thin films. American Institute of Physics , 1317 - 1334.
Kennedy, S. R., & Brett, M. J. (2004). Advanced techniques for the fabrication of square spiral
photonic crystals by glancing angle deposition. American Vacuum Society , 1184 - 1190.
Liu, F., Umlor, M. T., Shen, L., Weston, J., Eads, W., Barnard, J. A., et al. (1999). The growth of
nanoscale structured iron films by glancing angle deposition. American Institute of Physics , 5486
- 5488.
Robbie, K., Beydaghyan, G., Brown, T., Dean, C., Adams, J., & Buzea, C. (2004). Ultrahigh
vacuum glancing angle deposition system for thin films with controlled three-dimensional
nanoscale structure. American Institute of Physics, 1089 - 1097.
Zhao, Y. -P., Ye, D. -X., Wang, G. -C., & Lu, T. -M. (2003). Designing Nanostructures by
Glancing Angle Deposition. SPIE , 59 - 73.
10
11. Study on the Effect of Substrate and Gold catalyst thickness on
Characteristics of PPECVD Grown Silicon Nanowires
Nicholas Michael William Wyatt (N.Wyatt@murdoch.edu.au)
Supervisors: Zhong-Tao Jiang, Christine Creagh and David Parlevliet
Murdoch University Physics and Nanotechnology Research Group
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of changing catalyst thickness and substrate
on the crystal structure of silicon nano-wires and investigate the impact upon the electronic
structure. Various characterisation techniques were employed to investigate the; degree of
crystallinity and crystal structure, silicon bonding, oxide phases present on the surface and the
binding energies on the core electrons (2p and 2s orbital) in the silicon.
The silicon nanowires were grown by Pulsed Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition on
stainless steel, crystalline silicon and indium tin oxide coated glass with a gold catalyst coating.
The wire diameter was approximately linearly related to the catalyst thickness. The catalyst
thicknesses used were 20 nm, 40 nm, 110 nm, 160 nm and 200 nm. The mean diameters were
104.8- 184.55 nm with an average standard distribution of 39.86 nm. There appeared to be
significant changes in both crystal and electronic structure, although dramatic changes in crystal
structure did not necessarily correspond to large changes in electronic structure and vice versa.
All samples were found to have crystalline cored SiNW with oxides and amorphous silicon
present on the surface. Evidence of SiO2 and Si-O-Si on the sample surface was found. Surface
oxide varied strongly with gold catalyst thickness. The amount of surface oxide seemed directly
related to the shifts in binding energy of the core silicon photoelectrons except for the nanowires
on the indium tin oxide substrate using 160 nm thickness of gold catalyst.
The gold binding energy on valence and 4f orbital electrons changed significantly for the indium
tin oxide substrate samples grown with 110 and 160 nm of gold catalyst. There is evidence to
suggest that the gold was deposited or the indium reacting differently for these samples before the
nanowires were grown.
Multiple crystalline phases of silicon and silicon oxide were found and varied heavily with
substrate and catalyst thickness. The crystallite size varied strongly with catalyst thickness and
was very similar for the nanowires grown on stainless steel and silicon.
11
12. Determining the Migration Pattern of an Extinct Australian Diprotodon using
Strontium Isotopes
Lynette Howearth ( lynette.howearth@postgrad.curtin.edu.au)
Supervisors: Drs Marjan Zadnik, Robert Loss, Gavin Prideaux and David Nelson
The John De Laeter Centre for Isotope Research, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics,
Curtin University, Perth
Abstract:
Strontium (Sr) isotopic data of enamel cores from an 80,000-year-old fossilised diprotodon
incisor have been obtained using data acquired with a thermal ionization mass spectrometer.
Although the extinct rhinoceros-sized diprotodon, Diprotodon optatum, was one of the most
widespread Pleistocene marsupials that lived throughout most of Australia before the last ice age,
little is known of its migratory behaviour. However, migration patterns are being reconstructed
with the use of isotopic and elemental ratios from the tooth enamel since teeth retain information
about the environmental and physiological conditions present at the time of their formation.
Strontium, lead, oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses are being correlated and compared with
analysis of rocks, soil, vegetation and kangaroo teeth collected from the Pilbara region where the
fossilised diprotodon was found. Early results indicate that the animal spent portions of its life in
at least two different geological settings and that the time period recorded by one tooth
documents less than one full year.
Illustrator: Vince Wathen
12
13. Impact-parameter convergent close-coupling approach to antiproton collisions
with atomic hydrogen and helium
I. B. Abdurakhmanov (ilkhom.abdurakhmanov@postgrad.curtin.edu.au)
A. S. Kadyrov, D. Fursa, and I. Bray
ARC Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies, Curtin University,
GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia
Abstract:
A fully quantum-mechanical close-coupling approach to antiproton-atom collisions is developed
[1] along the lines of the convergent-close-coupling approach to electron-atom scattering. The
approach starts from the exact three-body Schr¨odinger equation for the scattering wave function
and leads to coupled-channel Lippmann-Schwinger equations for the transition amplitudes in the
impact-parameter representation. In addition to providing information on the heavy particle
scattering, the approach allows one to investigate the differential electron ejection. With these the
total and fully differential cross sections can be calculated. A method is applied to calculate
integrated excitation and ionization cross sections for hydrogen and helium targets. Fully
differential cross sections for the antiproton-impact ionization of hydrogen are also calculated [2].
References
[1] I. B. Abdurakhmanov, A. S. Kadyrov, I. Bray, and A. T. Stelbovics, J. Phys. B 44,
075204 (2011).
[2] I. B. Abdurakhmanov, A. S. Kadyrov, I. Bray, and A. T. Stelbovics, J. Phys. B 44,
165203 (2011).
13
14. Convergent close-coupling calculations for positron-magnesium scattering
Jeremy Savage (jeremy.savage@student.curtin.edu.au)
Supervisors: Dmitry Fursa and Igor Bray
ARC Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies
Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Abstract:
The CCC method has been extensively tested for electron-atom scattering from various targets
including alkaline-earth atoms. It has also been applied successfully to positron scattering from
hydrogen, helium, and noble gases. In this work we apply the single-centre CCC approach to
positron scattering from magnesium, a pseudo-two-electron target. In the CCC method the
change from incident electron to incident positron requires a simple reversal of projectile sign
and dropping projectile-atom exchange, with no further changes to the code. Conceptually the
method is particularly simple; computationally the problem becomes very different to electronatom scattering.
For incident positron energies above target atom ionisation potential (7.6 eV) the total ionisation
cross section (TICS) obtained in the CCC method provides an accurate estimate of the sum of
direct ionisation and positronium formation. The incident energy region between the positronium
formation and ionisation thresholds (0.8—7.6 eV) proved to be problematic for the single-centre
approach. At these energies the positronium formation channels are open but the positive energy
pseudostates that model the break-up are closed. As a result a lack of convergence was found in
this energy range.
For low incident energies where positronium formation channels are closed (below 0.8 eV) the
CCC method provides an accurate estimate of elastic scattering cross sections. In this case the
virtual positronium formation channels which play an important role in describing the scattering
can be modelled via large close-coupling expansion. States with angular momentum of up to l=14
were required for convergence. At these low positron energies a p-wave resonance centred at
approximately 0.17 eV. A similar prediction has been made by Mitroy (2007) at 0.1 eV. Detailed
convergence studies have been conducted to verify the accuracy of our results, and the reason for
the discrepancy between resonance predictions remains unclear.
Currently we are approaching the positron-magnesium scattering problem using the two-centre
CCC method that has recently been developed and extensively tested for positron-helium
scattering by Utamuratov (2010).
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16. Synthesis and evaluation of AAO-PHEMA nano-composite.
Nurshahidah Ali (N.Ali@murdoch.edu.au)
Supervisors: Dr Gerrard Eddy Poinern, Dr. Zhong Tao Jiang, Professor Pritam Singh
Murdoch Applied Nanotechnology Research Group
Abstract:
Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane has in the last decade attracted enormous attention
because of the ease of its preparation and regularity of the pores obtained. It is also one of the
only systems that can be engineered at the nano level using macroscopic parameters. Porous
AAO membranes are considered to be the most suitable host materials for the fabrication of
polymer nanowires and nanotubes. More recently, composite materials of AAO membrane are
being synthesised for application as biodevices to analyse hereditary diseases and as implants
with enhanced bone bonding capability.
Organic and inorganic nano-composite materials are of particular interest because the fabrication
of these two components at the nanoscale level often exhibit physical and chemical properties
that vary greatly from their individual constituents.
In this novel project, we are aiming to develop and evaluate an efficient nano-composite of AAOPHEMA (poly-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) for potential cell attachment. PHEMA is a non-toxic,
non-antigenic polymer with good biocompatibility. It is used for several medical applications
such as contact lenses and drug delivery systems. This study aims to alter the surface properties
hence chemical and structural composition of the AAO membrane and examine if the addition of
PHEMA results in significant effects on cellular growth.
AAO-PHEMA nano-composite membranes were prepared by dip coating. Investigations into the
structural and chemical properties of the nano-composite were carried out using field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transmission Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy
and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Variable interfacial bonding structure can be
achieved with different methods of preparation which in turn, would affect cellular attachment.
16