Scintillation counter - instrumentation Principle, working, advantages and disadvantages and applications on various fields.
Reference : principles of biochemistry by wilson and walker.
Scintillation counter - instrumentation Principle, working, advantages and disadvantages and applications on various fields.
Reference : principles of biochemistry by wilson and walker.
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2. History
The modern electronic scintillation counter was
invented in 1944 by Sir Samuel Curran(UK)
Previously scintillation events had to be laboriously
detected by eye using a spinthariscope which was a
simple microscope to observe light flashes in the
scintillator
3. What is Scintillation?
The emission of flouroscene in a phosphor by absorption
of charged particle or high energy photons
4. Principle :
Scintillation counter is an instrument that is
used for detect and measuring ionising
radiation
It comprises of the scintillator that generates
photons by excitation effect in response to
incident radiation and detecting the resultant
light pulses
8. Types of scintillator :
Cesium iodide (CsI) detection of protons and
alpha particles.
Sodium iodide (NaI) containing a small amount
of thalliumdetection of gamma waves
zinc sulfide (ZnS) detector of alpha particles(
Zinc sulfide is the material Rutherford used to
perform his scattering experiment. )
Lithium iodide (LiI) is used in neutron detectors.
9.
10. QUESTN......
Which is the correct representation for “SINGLET” &
“TRIPLET” ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
Ans:
SINGLET =B
TRIPLET =D,E
12. Semiconductor detector
A detector which is used to detect the ionising
radiation by using semiondutors (usually silicon or
germanium)
The detecting is a single crystal consisting of a
sandwich of intrinsic silicon between a P-Type layer and
N-Type layer forming p-i-n diode.
13. Semiconductor in pure form is
known as intrinsic
semiconductor
Ex : pure Silion and pure
Germanium
at room temperature no of
electron equal to number of
holes
15. When the radiation interact with silicon
crystal they excite elelctron from the valence
band into the condution band creating a
eletron – hole pair.
When a reverse bias potential is applied to
the crystal,the eletrons and holes are
separated and a charge pulse of electrons
can be measured
Detection mechanism
16. o Generally used for detection of alpha and beta
particles
o Very high resolution energy measurement
o Doesnot depend upon the type of radiation
that deposites the energy
o Negligible absorption energy
o Act as a solid state ionization chamber
18. advantages
Minimum energy needed to create an eletron – hole pair(3.6eV)
for silicon.this leads to better detection resolution.
Small charge collection time (<10)
Very small recombination losses due to fast charge collection.
19. In the ciruit diagram, the direction of eletron moves
____________ direction to the current
a) Same b)opposite
c) +ve to –ve d) –ve to +ve
QUESTN…
Ans : B & C