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Incidence Angle Dependence of Organic Solar Cells Simulation and Experiment
- 1. Incidence Angle Dependence of Organic Solar Cells Vincent DeGeorge1, Brent Valle2, Kenneth Singer PhD. 2 1)Dept. of Physics, John Carroll University, University Heights OH 2) Dept. of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH
- 3. 2nd Generation: Thin film compound semiconductors
- 5. ITO P.V. Al Device Structure 1inch Certain material thicknesses produce optical cavity resonance Reflected Incident 102 nm
- 7. How is the performance of the cell effected by non-normal incidence? Optical cavity resonance?12:00 pm 4:00 pm 90° 30° Solar Panel
- 8. Theory Layer/Phase Matrix, L, and Interface Matrix, I, depend on: Refraction index, n Absorption index, k Incidence Angle, φThickness, d Int1 Int2 Int3 Int4 Ambient layer1 layer2 Substrate layer3 n1 φ d2 k1
- 9. Computation
- 11. Ocean Optics light source and spectrophotometer supplied and detected light to and from the sample respectively
- 12. Reflection data recorded as a ratio to a mirrored, 100% reflection, measurement Detector Focusing Lens θ Aperture Sample Focusing Lens Rotary Stage Light Source
- 14. Results and Analysis(cont) θinc =20° Above Left: Features characteristic to the experimental reflection curves are identified and translated onto the simulated reflection curves at the same wavelength Above Right: A simulated contour plot is produced for a given sample at all angles of incidence, 0<θinc <90 Right: Comparison of features from experimental reflection data to Matlab simulation show considerable agreement in waveform and shift with incidence angle Reflection (ratio) ITO(110nm), PV(150nm) Reflection(Ratio) 20 Incidence Angle (degrees) Wavelength(nm)
- 16. Experimentally determined reflection spectrums were confirmed by generalized simulation
- 17. Most features remain largely unshifted through incident angle changes
- 18. Absorption peak sees largest shift, as large as 40nmWe acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation CWRU Physics Department REU program under grant number: DMR-0850037, and the Center for Layered Polymer Systems under grant number: 0423914
Editor's Notes
- Unlike very concentrated/dense energy sources such as oil or nuclear, solar energy is not very dense as it is fairly uniformly spread out over the surface of the earth.
- When P3Ht(donor) and PCBM(acceptor) come together some chemistry happens, the system becomes conjugated, meaning that the p-orbitals of the two molecules overlap, and two new “delocalized” orbitals are formed, one bonding one anti-bonding. There is a energy difference between these orbitals, which is the P.V. material’s band gap, and determines which wavelength photons will be absorbed. Once absorbed the photon creates an exciton, electron/hole pair, which drifts randomly until it happens upon a P3HT/PCBM interface. Here they are separated and the (electron/hole/both) travel along the polymer chain until collected by the electrode as photocurrent.Average distance to interface on the same order as diffusion length of exciton
- Optical cavity resonance, increased absorption, due to thicknesses of P.V. and ITO. Approx 100nm prefered. 80nm showed lagest resonanceTransparent ITO top contact
- Superposition of left and right moving waveAppropriate boundary condition for Electric field and derivativeAbsorption related to transmission and reflection by, 1-Reflectionabsorption
- Used Matlab to solve Transfer Matrix problemConsidered polarization, as reflectance differs for different polarized light for non-normal incidenceSuccessfully exhibits Blue shift in Bragg Interference
- 32 layers 300nm thick PMMA/?150nm peak shift over 90 degreesLarger waveform shirftawary from 700 nm (look at max absorption)Difficult to compare waveforms of difference incident anglesAnd how to compare to SimulationSpike at ̴650nm is an artifact of the Ocean Optics deuterium light source.