radioactivity definition imporatnt dates of radioactivity applications conclusion

1. Radioactivity's
Applications
Released by:
• AKROUM Lotfi & KOUBLADJI Meriem
Departement of Chemistry Engineering

2. Introduction
Radioactivity is all around us !!!
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3. Summary
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What is Radioactivity?1
Important dates of Radioactivity? (History)
Which elements in periodic table are radioactive?
What is Gieger Counter? & How does it function?
How does a nuclear power plant work?
Nuclear power, good or bad
Other applications of Radioactivity
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5. Nuclear
change
Physical
change
Chemical
change
Mater changes
Mater
changes
The atom has changed
from one element to
the other.

6. Types of
Radioactivity
Alpha
particles
β particles
β -
β+
ᵧ (gamma)
Rays
An atom is radioactive, if it
disintegrates spontaneously to be
transformed into another element
less heavy by emitting subatomic
particles.

8. Timelines

9. Timelines

10. Timeline
Creation of
CRIIRAD just afer
Charnobil accident

12. ?
Geiger counter is a device that lets you
measure the number of radioctive particles
around in, & displays the average count per
minute.

13. • Nuclear energy supplies about 15% of the world's electricity.
• In France 80% of electricity is produced by Nuclear energy.
• 31 countries use nuclear energy to generate up to three
quarters of their electricity.

15. How does a nuclear power plant work?
• A nuclear power plant works pretty much like
a conventional power plant, but it produces heat
energy from atoms rather than by burning coal, oil,
gas, or another fuel.
• 1g of Uranium produce more energy than it could be
produced by 66Kg of coal
• The heat it produces is used to boil water to make
steam, which drives one or more giant
steam turbines connected to generators—and those
produce the electricity we're after. Here's how

16.  1 -Fuel produces heat, which is used to boil water to make steam.
 2 -Steam spins a turbine.
 3 -Turbine drives a generator and the generator makes electricity.
 4 -Electricity goes to the transformers to produce the correct voltage.
The only difference between fossil fuel and nuclear power stations is how the
water is heated. Fossil fuel power stations burn a chemical fuel while a nuclear
power station uses the fission of uranium nuclei to generate heat. Fission is
another word for splitting. The process of splitting a nucleus is called nuclear
fission.

17. • There are plenty of people who support use of
nuclear power, and at least as many who
oppose it.
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18. Advantages
 One nuclear plant will make 2–3GW of power—as much as a large coal
plant or about 1000–1500 large wind turbines. No-one disagrees that
nuclear is a very effective way to generate enormous amounts of energy.
 Nuclear plants produce much lower carbon emissions than fossil fuel plants
(coal, oil, and natural gas).
 Nuclear plants can help to reduce a country's dependence on imported oil
from unstable regions such as the Middle East. Countries without large
fossil fuel supplies find nuclear an attractive option.

19.  Waste from nuclear plants remains dangerously radioactive for
many years, so it's difficult to dispose of safely.
 Nuclear plants aren't sustainable or renewable forms of energy,
because they rely on mining limited reserves of uranium. They're
not zero-carbon either, because it takes a lot of energy to mine
that uranium.
 Nuclear plants are expensive and take many years to construct,
usually in the face of fierce public opposition.
 Nuclear plants can produce long-range air pollution and water
pollution.
 Since nuclear plants need huge amounts of cooling water, they're
often built by the coast—but that makes them dangerously
susceptible to rising sea levels and earthquake tsunamis.
 At the end of their life, nuclear plants are very expensive to
decommission safely.

20. These Animals
are victims of a
gamma-ray
surge primarily
from radioactive
isotopes from
Fukushima,
accelerated by
cosmic rays.

22. GAUGING
The radiation that comes
from a radioisotope has its
intensity reduced by matter
between the radioactive
source and a detector.
Detectors are used to
measure this reduction to
measure the thickness of
plastic, rubber, paper and
other materials.

23. FLOUD TRACING
Sewage from ocean outfalls
can be traced in order to
study its dispersion. Small
leaks can be detected in
complex systems such as
power station heat
exchangers. Flow rates of
liquids and gasses in
pipelines can be measured
accurately, as can the flow
rates of large rivers.

24. MEDICINE
Gamma Rays are used to sterilize medical
equipment, medical products, and for food.
It kills bacteria and does not damage
packaging.
In nuclear medicine, short-lived isotopes
are used as radioactive tracers that
patients receive orally via inhalation or
injection. The tracers emit gamma rays
from a target area in a patient's body,
allowing specialized machines to produce
images for review by a physician. Positron
emission tomography, or PET, scans are an
example of radioisotopes used in nuclear
medicine for diagnostic purposes.
cesium-137, is used in cancer treatment

25. DATING
Carbon has 15 isotopes, and
carbon-14 is famous for
being able to tell the age of
organisms. Because C-14
isn't taken in by dead matter,
and because it has a half-life
of about 5,400 years,
archaeologists can use it to
date fossils and bones

26. conclusion
• The discovery of radioactivity has had an
enormous effect on the development of science
and technology. This discovery marked the
beginning of a period of intense study of the
properties and structure of matter.
• New possibilities arising from the application of
nuclear energy to power engineering, industry,
and many other areas of human activity all stem
from the discovery of the capacity of chemical
elements to undergo spontaneous
transformations. More than ten Nobel prizes in
physics and chemistry have been awarded for
work related to the study and use of
radioactivity.
• But many others people are dead or even suffer
from its effects until now.
• Despite the gorgeous advantage of uranium in
energy production, the human safety must
always be the first consideration.

27. Do you have
any questions?
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