Lecture # 5 (18.02.2017) @ ibt thinking minds
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This document summarizes a lecture on thinking and thought. It discusses how thinking allows humans to make sense of and interpret the world to accomplish goals, though there is no consensus on how to define thinking. Thinking can refer to both the act of producing thoughts and the process of producing thoughts. Thought underlies many human actions and has been studied by various academic fields, though there is also no agreed-upon definition of thought. The document concludes with several quotes on topics relating to thinking, learning, wisdom and the mind.
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This document discusses philosophical views about logic. It begins by defining philosophy and its etymology from Greek words meaning "love of wisdom." It then discusses different definitions and classifications of philosophy, including practical and speculative philosophy. The document also defines logic from the perspectives of different scholars, such as it being the science and art of correct thinking. It divides logic into mental acts and products, including simple apprehension, judgment, and reasoning. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts. In summary, the document outlines philosophical perspectives on logic, how it has been defined, and how it can be classified and divided.
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This document discusses different definitions and perspectives on philosophy. It defines philosophy etymologically as the love of wisdom and knowledge. It also examines philosophy as the study of fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The document further breaks down philosophy into practical fields like logic, ethics, and axiology, and speculative fields like epistemology, metaphysics, and political philosophy. It provides examples of how concepts are apprehended through the mental acts of simple apprehension, judgment, and reasoning.
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III. These domains of knowing can be strengthened over time through compatible yogic practices, such as karma yoga, bhakti yoga, jnana yoga, and raja yoga.
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This document discusses philosophical views about logic. It begins by defining philosophy and its etymology from Greek words meaning "love of wisdom." It then discusses different definitions and classifications of philosophy, including practical and speculative philosophy. The document also defines logic from the perspectives of different scholars, such as it being the science and art of correct thinking. It divides logic into mental acts and products, including simple apprehension, judgment, and reasoning. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts. In summary, the document outlines philosophical perspectives on logic, how it has been defined, and how it can be classified and divided.
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The process of intellectualization refers to ideogenesis or the formation of ideas. It involves the intellect functioning without bodily organs to understand the essence of realities. The intellect knows not just surface level qualities but the substance of things. It must use sensory data from the senses as they are the first step. The common sense gathers information from the senses into perceptual wholes. These are then impressed or expressed as species in the imagination or sensible order. The agent intellect then abstracts these into universal concepts by discarding individual characteristics, which are received and understood by the possible intellect. This results in an idea or concept representing the essence of the object known.
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- Logic can be understood as both an art that guides reasoning and a science concerned with correct reasoning.
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II. Radhakrishnan's four domains of epistemology - ordinary senses, emotive intuition, rational intuition, and spiritual intuition - closely correspond to Patanjali's four categories of human personality.
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- Thales was regarded as the first to philosophically articulate the basic substance of the universe, proposing that water or moisture was the fundamental principle of life. This inspired other Greeks to develop new concepts.
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The document outlines several schools of philosophy including monism, idealism, occasionalism, subjectivism, and physicalism. Monism asserts there is only one fundamental kind of thing in the universe while idealism holds that only minds and ideas exist. Occasionalism rejects a causal connection between body and mind, believing God mediates all interaction. Subjectivism states that our own mental activity is the only undeniable fact and there is no objective reality. Physicalism is the view that everything is physical and supervenes on the physical.
Introduction to Logic
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The Human Person | Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
The document discusses the Buddhist philosophy of a person through the life of Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha. It notes he was born into a royal family in what is now Nepal. Four significant realizations shaped Siddhartha's life: encountering an old man made him realize we all grow old; a sick man showed illness is universal; a corpse demonstrated we all die; and seeing a monk taught him renunciation is possible. These insights prompted Siddhartha to leave his life of luxury to find the truth about suffering and how to be liberated from it, culminating in his enlightenment and teaching others the path to liberation through Buddhism.
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This document provides an outline and discussion questions for chapters 13 and 14 of a textbook about metaphysics and philosophical views of personal identity. Chapter 13 introduces the topics of monism, dualism, materialism, and idealism as different philosophical answers to the question of what constitutes a person. Chapter 14 discusses arguments for materialism, including that evolution implies humans have no souls, the possibility of artificial intelligence, and that human behavior and thought can be explained by brain chemistry alone. It also considers objections to the dualist view that minds and bodies interact.
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This document discusses several philosophical theories of mind:
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3. Functionalism defines mental states based on their causal relationships and functions, not the underlying physical implementation. This allows for the possibility of artificial intelligence.
4. Eliminative Materialism argues that talk of mental states should be eliminated and reduced completely to physical descriptions of the brain. It claims beliefs and desires do not truly exist.
philosophy and logic
Philosophy originated from the Greek word for "love of wisdom". To the ancient Greeks, philosophy referred to the quest for truth and knowledge rather than a fixed body of doctrine. Philosophy has taken different forms across cultures and civilizations. In China, it focused more on practical and social matters like Confucianism. Hindu philosophy encompasses diverse schools of thought in Hindu texts. Islamic philosophy aimed to reconcile revelation and reason. The main branches of Western philosophy are logic, aesthetics, ethics, politics, and metaphysics including ontology and epistemology.
3.1 etymological meaning of philosophy
The document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It begins by explaining that philosophy comes from the Greek words "philos" meaning love and "sophia" meaning wisdom. The main branches of philosophy are defined as metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. Metaphysics is the study of existence and reality, epistemology is the study of knowledge, axiology is the study of values and ethics, and logic is the study of reasoning. Specific topics studied within these branches include ontology, cosmology, rationalism vs empiricism, and different types of knowledge such as revealed, authoritative, intuitive, rational, and empirical knowledge.
Philosophy of mind- brief introduction for non philosophers
The document provides an overview of philosophy of mind. It defines philosophy of mind as the study of mental events, functions, consciousness, and the nature of mind. It discusses some of the main topics in philosophy of mind, including the mind-body problem of how the mind relates to the body and brain, and the problem of other minds of how we can know what others are thinking. The document recommends books on philosophy of mind and warns that studying consciousness and mind can change one's life.
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- 1. Thinking Mind Dr. Akhlas Ahmed IBT, City Campus Feb 18th , 2017 Lecture # 5
- 2. How to define thinking? There is no general consensus as to how we define thinking. It is an activity considered essential to humanity.
- 3. Thinking… It allows humans to make sense of, interpret, represent or model the world they experience, and to make predictions about that world. It is helpful to an organism with needs, objectives, and desires as it makes plans or otherwise attempts to accomplish those goals.
- 4. Thinking… Can refer to the act of producing thoughts or the process of producing thoughts.
- 5. Thought… Is a fundamental human activity familiar to everyone, there is no generally accepted agreement as to what thought is or how it is created.
- 6. “Whether you think you can, or you think you can't-- you're right.” ― Henry Ford
- 7. “Think before you speak. Read before you think.” ― Fran Lebowitz
- 8. The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.” ― Albert Einstein
- 9. “Judge a man by his questions rather than by his answers.” ― Voltaire
- 10. Thoughts… Refers to ideas or arrangements of ideas that are the result of the process of thinking.
- 11. Thoughts: Underlies many human actions and interactions, understanding its physical and metaphysical origins, processes, and effects has been a long- standing goal of many academic disciplines including… Linguistics, Psycology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, Biology, Sociology and Cognitive Sciences.
- 12. Why don’t you concentrate? ― Verses from Holy Qur’an
- 13. The mind is every thing. What you think, you become. ― Hadit from Holy Prophet
- 14. The mind is every thing. What you think, you become. ― Buddha
- 15. Thinking is difficult, that’s why most people judge. ― Carl Jung
- 16. None but ourselves can free our minds. ― Bob Marley
- 18. Quiet people have the loudest minds. ― Stephen Hawking
- 19. You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough. ― Mae West
- 20. Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none. ― Shakespeare
- 21. Life isn’t about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself. ― George Bernard Shaw
- 22. The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. ― Socrates
- 23. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. ― Gandhi
- 24. Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all. ― Aristotle
- 25. Thanks