The document outlines several schools of philosophy including monism, idealism, occasionalism, subjectivism, and physicalism. Monism asserts there is only one fundamental kind of thing in the universe while idealism holds that only minds and ideas exist. Occasionalism rejects a causal connection between body and mind, believing God mediates all interaction. Subjectivism states that our own mental activity is the only undeniable fact and there is no objective reality. Physicalism is the view that everything is physical and supervenes on the physical.

1. ISMS OF PHILOSOPHY

2. MONISM
• Introduced in the 18th century
• Only one fundamental kind of thing in the universe
• mind and brain are separate
• Two sorts of definitions for monism:
• The wide definition
• The restricted definition

3. IDEALISM
• A diverse group of metaphysical views which all assert
that "reality" is in some way indistinguishable
• The theory holds that only minds and ideas exist.
• There are no material objects, but physical objects do
exist.
• There are two basic forms of idealism
• metaphysical idealism
• epistemological idealism

4. OCCASIONALISM
• A creation philosophy who holds that produced things cannot be
effective causes of events
• It accepts the dualism of body and mind but rejects the causal
connection between the two.
• all interaction between mind and body is mediated by God.
• God keeps the idea of direct contact alive.

5. SUBJECTIVISM
• Is the belief that our own mental activity is the only undeniable fact of
our experience
• Is that philosophical position according to which knowledge is always a
knowledge of ideas.
• There is no objective reality existing independently of mind.
• In Berkeley’s view, all our thoughts, passions, ideas exist within the
mind.

6. PHYSICALISM
• Is the metaphysical thesis that everything is physical
• everything supervenes on the physical.
• Physicalism is closely related to materialism.
• there is only one fundamental kind of thing in the
universe: physical things.
• Physical states are more fundamental than mental states.