A pdf file useful for understanding measures undertaken to reduce disparity in China. I found the document at http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/InternationalCooperation/SEPLS/SEPLS_Brussels2013/08-Yang-Effect_LandReform.pdf
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
master plan and comparative analysis of National and International case study.MIRAL SONI
Greater Bhiwadi Master Plan 2031 and Paris Master plan 2030. Comparative analysis of both plan. How planning practices in India and Outside India. What factor consider while planning.
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
master plan and comparative analysis of National and International case study.MIRAL SONI
Greater Bhiwadi Master Plan 2031 and Paris Master plan 2030. Comparative analysis of both plan. How planning practices in India and Outside India. What factor consider while planning.
This presentation was given by SPA Bhopal for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".
This document is mainly on the periodical development of Bangladesh mostly its cities and towns. To this day the master plans, local initiatives and authorities to establish todays urban culture has been gathered here promptly.
Here, the history is associated from the early times of 2nd World War to modern days detailed area mapping.
More focus has been put on urban planning development and the working agenda of various initiative those had been taken and proposed to be taken .
India is a developing country. As the population grows rapidly, the development of cities is imminent. Urbanisation as an outcome of this development is being addressed here. Two case studies of medium towns are done underlining the factors of growth determining the structure of development. The objective is to learn from these experiences and make generalisations that could be helpful for the future development of many other similar towns and for developing a framework for balanced urban development in India.
Architecture and Town Planning _Unit 5_SPPU_LARR, UDPFI, RERA and MAHA-RERA b...Shrikant Kate
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Board of Studies in Civil Engineering
B. E. Civil 2015 COURSE (w. e. f. June 2018)
401004 Elective I (4)- Architecture and Town Planning
Unit V:
• Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act
• URDPFI Guidelines (for land use, infrastructure etc.),
• Real Estate (Regulation and Development )Act 2016 and MAHA-RERA
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
Nepal is in great need of systematic and scientific land use planning.Fertile cultivation lands declination,climate change,forest area declination are affecting the environment. .The issue of land use planning is to be addressed soon.
Paper tries to compare the intent, content, scope of two plans prepared by the two master for the capital city of Chandigarh and tries to showcase how the city destiny has been changed with the change in the new team to implement the master plan. Paper tries to map the impact of both plans on the growth and development of the capital city of Chandigarh
Ecological approaches in planning for sustainable cities A review of the lite...GJESM Publication
Rapid urbanization has brought environmentally, socially, and economically great challenges to cities
and societies. To build a sustainable city, these challenges need to be faced efficiently and successfully. This paper focuses on the environmental issues and investigates the ecological approaches for planning sustainable cities through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The review focuses on several differing aspects of sustainable city formation. The paper provides insights on the interaction between the natural environment and human activities by identifying environmental effects resulting from this interaction; provides an introduction to the concept of sustainable urban development by underlining the important role of ecological planning in achieving sustainable cities; introduces the notion of urban ecosystems by establishing principles for the management of their sustainability; describes urban
ecosystem sustainability assessment by introducing a review of current assessment methods, and; offers an outline of indexing urban environmental sustainability. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings.
This presentation was given by SPA Bhopal for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".
This document is mainly on the periodical development of Bangladesh mostly its cities and towns. To this day the master plans, local initiatives and authorities to establish todays urban culture has been gathered here promptly.
Here, the history is associated from the early times of 2nd World War to modern days detailed area mapping.
More focus has been put on urban planning development and the working agenda of various initiative those had been taken and proposed to be taken .
India is a developing country. As the population grows rapidly, the development of cities is imminent. Urbanisation as an outcome of this development is being addressed here. Two case studies of medium towns are done underlining the factors of growth determining the structure of development. The objective is to learn from these experiences and make generalisations that could be helpful for the future development of many other similar towns and for developing a framework for balanced urban development in India.
Architecture and Town Planning _Unit 5_SPPU_LARR, UDPFI, RERA and MAHA-RERA b...Shrikant Kate
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Board of Studies in Civil Engineering
B. E. Civil 2015 COURSE (w. e. f. June 2018)
401004 Elective I (4)- Architecture and Town Planning
Unit V:
• Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act
• URDPFI Guidelines (for land use, infrastructure etc.),
• Real Estate (Regulation and Development )Act 2016 and MAHA-RERA
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
Nepal is in great need of systematic and scientific land use planning.Fertile cultivation lands declination,climate change,forest area declination are affecting the environment. .The issue of land use planning is to be addressed soon.
Paper tries to compare the intent, content, scope of two plans prepared by the two master for the capital city of Chandigarh and tries to showcase how the city destiny has been changed with the change in the new team to implement the master plan. Paper tries to map the impact of both plans on the growth and development of the capital city of Chandigarh
Ecological approaches in planning for sustainable cities A review of the lite...GJESM Publication
Rapid urbanization has brought environmentally, socially, and economically great challenges to cities
and societies. To build a sustainable city, these challenges need to be faced efficiently and successfully. This paper focuses on the environmental issues and investigates the ecological approaches for planning sustainable cities through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The review focuses on several differing aspects of sustainable city formation. The paper provides insights on the interaction between the natural environment and human activities by identifying environmental effects resulting from this interaction; provides an introduction to the concept of sustainable urban development by underlining the important role of ecological planning in achieving sustainable cities; introduces the notion of urban ecosystems by establishing principles for the management of their sustainability; describes urban
ecosystem sustainability assessment by introducing a review of current assessment methods, and; offers an outline of indexing urban environmental sustainability. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings.
The expectancy theory demonstrates the importance of rewards in relation to the effort-performance ratio. This lesson extends the knowledge of goal setting as a means of motivation employees to reach high levels of performance and satisfaction. At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
Explain how performance is affected by goal setting.
State the effects of goal setting on job satisfaction and performance.
Describe reward systems for fostering high performance.
This is the most comprehensive presentation on time management. We all know that how important is it to manage time because of the multi tasking that is done by all of us to make ends meet. This presentation will be of great help to all those who are willing to adopt the positive methods discussed there in.
1. INTRODUCTIONThe rapid of economic growth in China, is a fou.docxambersalomon88660
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid of economic growth in China, is a foundation of urban expansion, associated with the rise in migrants in urban areas. According to data from Statistics Bureau in China, the urban proportion of the total populations reached 45.7% in 2008 compared to 17.9% in 1978, and is expected to reach 50% by 2020. The presence of a large number of rural labor force in the city, tend to look for adequate and affordable housing, which generate a peculiar outcome in most Chinese cities, urban villages. Urban villages, or Chengzhongcun in Chinese, they mean that the villages in the middle of the city, interact as urban expansion surrounded them (Chung, 2009).
According to land management law in China, the ownership of urban land is state, and the ownership of rural land is collective-owned the village. Besides, land belonging to the rural collectives can only used to solely agricultural and not allowed to sell in the land market. The earliest urban village emerged in China is due to the 1978 Economic Reforms. In order to fulfill the investment and development, the government tends to expropriated farmland in rural villages for urban use because of the limit of capital and time-consuming. Therefore, the settlement villages are been survived while their surrounding environment dramatically development, graduate leading to the formation of urban villages (Hao, et al, 2011).
On the other hand, rural migrants have been flooding into cities because of the demand of cheap labour force in urban areas and the states started to relax restrictions on rural-urban migration after Reforms, which generate great pressure on demand of housing. Generally, China's rental market can be segmented into three kinds: government provided credit houses; commercial residential building in the three level market; and renting houses in “villages” (Hang and Iseman, 2009). However, the social housing for low-income households provided by government are excluded them because of the “Hukou” system, which is the household registration system to different urban and rural population. During the city transformation in China, the government ignored the two weakest groups: villagers who do not have lands and workers from village. It is undeniable that urban villages provide a positive environment for slowing down the unemployment problems of the villagers and the housing problems of the latter (Hao, 2012).
Meanwhile, due to the weak government jurisdiction in urban villages, landlords find out this is a new way to substantially maximize income by providing low-rent accommodation to rural migrants. In the process of farmland requisition, the state does not provide the landlords any employment opportunities after they losing their basis of livelihood, which causes them to have no competitive power in the labour market in the city. The huge profits from house renting business enable them to gain considerable revenue and make a new livelihood. In addiction, some of urban vi.
Mexican Sustainable Urban and Mobility Strategy and Climate ChangeFagner Glinski
El sábado 6 de diciembre del 2014, en el Congreso de la República del Perú, se llevó a cabo, como evento oficial de COP20, la Conferencia Internacional “Movilidad Sustentable y Cambio Climático”. Allí, la Cumbre de Ciudades Líderes en Movilidad Urbana Sustentable de América Latina – MUSAL – y la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sistemas Integrados y BRT – SIBRT – hicieron el lanzamiento de la “Declaración de Lima: Libro Blanco de la Movilidad Urbana Sustentable de América Latina”, publicación que contó con la participación y auspicio de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS).
The Real and the Imagined Socially Responsible Real Estate in China - Context...STL Lab
The term “socially responsible real estate” in China lacks a clear definition. Its discourse orients towards physical and technological solutions, as seen from the “socially responsible real estate enterprise index” propagated by the central government. The 2015 China socially responsible real estate index (SRR) lists the "top 100 socially responsible real estate enterprises," including corporations such as Greenland, Country Green, Vanke, China Overseas etc. However, the most well-known SRRs represents a clear mismatch with the general public’s perception of the real estate industry. The SRR index embraces comprehensively the physical and technical measurements, but is weak on the social and cultural aspects. While the social impact of such index system becomes questionable, it remains unclear how it can guide the practice of socially responsible real estate development. The talk will review 3 real estate development cases at three different scales of development, representing three typical developmental models:
1. Large scale: SuZhou-Singapore Industrial Park (1994~) 200 square km by Suzhou government development corporation
2. Medium scale: Liangzhu New Village, Hangzhou (2003~) 6.7 square km by Vanke corporation
3. Small scale: Xiangshan Nanchang downtown renewal (undergoing), 10 hectors by Greenland
By mapping the objectives of key players (governments and developers), this talk aims to identify the value orientation of socially responsible real estate development in different social, economic, and geographic contexts. The meaning of SRR should be further developed and its operationalization should be customized to fit different geographical areas, lands use, and physical historical contexts across China. Ultimately, Chen’s research argues that a community based social value (i.e. community fatality) should be centralized on the value map of the socially responsible real estate in China.
Land Conversion for New Urban Growth and Its Impact –From Dwellers' Point of ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
The policies of urban development and housing in India have come a long way since 1950s. The pressure of urban population and lack of housing and basic services were very much evident in the early 1950s. In some cities this was compounded by migration of people from Pakistan. However, the general perception of the policy makers was that India is pre-dominantly an agricultural and rural economy and that there are potent dangers of over urbanisation which will lead to the drain of resources from the countryside to feed the cities.
This is a recruitment PPT presentation designed to promote Chinese universities to Pioneer Junior College students in Singapore. This presentation comes with background music. For the full presentation, you may visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?list=UUCQLztpQVLqduinsQJZorsw&feature=player_detailpage&v=RP8y7C4LlXc . The audio quality is not too good. Turning down the volume will be a good idea. :)
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Land reforms to reduce disparity in Chongqing and Chengdu
1. Land System Reform in Practice of China’s
Urban-rural Integration Development
—A Case of Chongqing and Chengdu
Yang Qingyuan
School of Geographical Sciences,
Southwest university, China
2013.04.15
Brussels
2. 1 Background
2 Land system reform in practice of Chengdu’s
urban-rural integration development
4 Summary and discussion
Outline
3 Land system reform in practice of Chongqing’s
urban-rural integration development
3. --some important social changes occurred in the same era.
--Economic and social development is facing many
challenges, of which the most prominent is the various
socio-economic problems due to the urban-rural dual
structure.
1 Background
1.1 Coordinated Urban-rural Development: the
requirement of China’ Social and Economic
Development transition
4. Fig.1 Income ratio between urban residents and rural residents of China
during the year of 1978-2011
•The large gap is in the urban-rural development
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
城乡收入比
International standard
Urban-rural income ratio
5. The report of 18th CPC National Congress has confirmed that
the meaning of urban-rural integration, that is to narrow the
gap between urban and rural and the direction of urbanization
is also to realize urban-rural integration.
Resolving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and
farmers is the number one priority in China, and
integrating urban and rural development provides the
fundamental solution to these issues.
•It is necessary to building a New Relationship
Between Urban and Rural Areas in China
6. 1.2 Why Chengdu-Chongqing Region was
selected as the comprehensive reform testing
area of urban-rural integration?
Chengdu-Chongqing region is located in the southwest of China,
and it play very important role of implementing the “large-scale
development of the western region” strategy. It both have
developed urban areas and broad rural areas which economic and
social development is lagging behind, which make it as a typical
area of China‘s urban-rural dual structure and a ideal place for
comprehensive reform testing of urban-rural integration
development .
8. --the demand of land plan development index is
3.73 ten thousand hectare
--which is 4.5 times the amount of the new
construction land of State actually issued to.
(1)The coexistence of scarcity of urban construction
land and extensive utilization of rural construction
land
1.3 Why rural land system reform is the key issue
to urban-rural integration development?
9. With the accelerated speed of
urbanization and industrialization,
dynamic adjustment of the
proportion of the population in the
urban and rural areas, the
development of secondary and
tertiary industries become the
driving force of economic
development, the shortages of
urban land restrict the further
development of the local economy.
(2) Reverse Development of Rural Construction Land and Rural
Population, Increase in per Capita Residential Land
With urbanization and industrialization
more and more rural residents rush into
the city.
10. 重庆市沙坪坝区中梁镇庆丰山村闲置农村居民点
重庆市沙坪坝区中梁镇龙泉村闲置农村居民点
2013-04-12
Due to the large number of
population outflow and industrial
decline. As a result, there is caused
a fearful problem that
countryside homestead, the
buildings of rural enterprises
and development zone are
vacant, a plentiful rural land has
been desolated, wasted and
willfully invaded.
11. Rural per capita
Residential Land
The proportion of total
population of rural
residents
Fig.3 Chongqing rural residential land-use change
12. (3) It is urgent and necessary to establish a set of a
development mechanism
How to get a balance of the difference of the urban-rural duality
economy structure of China? it means we must emphasize the
urban-rural integration development planning, especially to
establish a set of a development mechanism in order to assure the
direction of rural land system reform in China, which should
play the three aspects of urban and rural area as a whole
•Resources
•Assets
• Population (labor)
13. Fig.4 Urban and Rural Land System Reform Channels in Chongqing and Chengdu
14. Fig.5 Geographic Distribution of Greater Chengdu: the three tiers
2 The of land system reform in practice of Chengdu’
urban-rural integration development
15. Fig.6 Reform Model of Land Expropriation System in Chengdu
(1) “Collective construction land construct industrial parks” ,use
flexible lease instead of disposable land expropriation.
2.1 Coordinated use of construction land in urban-rural area
16. The policy of “pothook of urban construction land increase and
rural residential land decrease” is to make rural construction
land and urban construction land development together to be
project areas where pull down old buildings and build new
buildings.
Chengdu took pothook project and land consolidation project
which is to balance of arable land together to be land
comprehensive consolidation project, and made land planning
and implement in the whole Chengdu area. the space for space
project can be made significant function on a larger scale.
(2)Land comprehensive consolidation: space for
space program
17. Fig.7 Expansion of the Radius of "Increase-decrease Pothook" in Chengdu
(3) Expansion of pothook radius of urban-rural
construction land
18. 2.2 Rural land increment and urban-rural
assets interaction
In order to raise households’ assets benefit and realize the goal
of national arable land protection, Chengdu had established
Arable Land Protection Fund which specially used for
households, who are obligated to protect arable land since 2008.
•For capital farmland is 6000 yuan per hectare, while common
arable land is 4500 yuan per hectare
•The finance of fund by city and county two level government
with apportionment on a 50:50 basis.
•The asset of the fund is mainly including part of land-
transferring benefit, land use charges for the newly added
construction land, and tax on arable land occupation.
•Establish arable land protection fund
19. 3 Land system reform in practice of Chongqing’s
urban-rural integration development
Fig.8 Geographic Distribution of Chongqing: Lap wings
20. 3.1 Urban-rural construction land integration use: Space
for space.
To build Chongqing Rural Land Exchange Institute as an
exchange platform for the transfer of households’ land
asset right and rural construction land index.
“Land ticket” refers to rural collective construction land,
including rural homestead land and its affiliated facilities,
is reclaimed into arable land, and then it can be regarded as
new construction land index to replaced with urban
construction land index.
What is “land ticket”?
21. The operating principle of “land ticket” system
In essence, land ticket is credit note for index pothook of urban construction
land increase and rural residential land decrease.
red-for-green
red-for-yellow
23. rural residential land
land reclamation
arable land
Land Indicators
Auctioned at
“Rural Land Exchange
Institute”
For urban development Rural residential land
owners get money to
improve production and
living conditions
buyers Sellers
24. • To share urbanization benefit by households
By “land ticket” exchange, the asset value of construction land
can be fully reflected.
Chongqing has “land ticket” program and rural land
comprehensive consolidation project as a whole, and make
collective construction land reclaimed and construct densely
populated area based on the planning of land comprehensive
consolidation. On one hand, protect arable land, especially
arable land; on the other hand, develop the level of collective
construction land intensive use.
26. 3.2 To establish rural land use right withdrawal
mechanism and effectively promote urbanization
construction
Based on the unmatched situation of population
urbanization and spatial urbanization, Chongqing
has launched the reform of household registration
system in 2010. Many comprehensive supporting
measures to employment, social security, housing,
education, health care were included in
Chongqing’ reform of household registration
system. And at the same time, on the basis of
voluntary and compensated, encourage
households, who have stable income or stable
residence, give up rural land including dwelling
and arable land. And the households who have
give up rural land can apply for urban public
rental housing.
27. 4 Summary
- Resolving issue of urban-rural integration development is the
number one priority in China’s recent development phrase,
and integration urban-rural land use is the number one priority
in urban-rural integration development.
- Both land ticks system and “pothook” policy are through
space for space program, TDRs-like instrument, need other
Public policies
- The space for space project only started a few years ago,
it’s factions is need to test.