The policies of urban development and housing in India have come a long way since 1950s. The pressure of urban population and lack of housing and basic services were very much evident in the early 1950s. In some cities this was compounded by migration of people from Pakistan. However, the general perception of the policy makers was that India is pre-dominantly an agricultural and rural economy and that there are potent dangers of over urbanisation which will lead to the drain of resources from the countryside to feed the cities.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Neighborhood planning in capital city of chandigarh an appraisal JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to critically and objectively evaluate the application of Neighborhood planning in capital city of chandigarh along with its success and failure
This is draft of Indore Smart City Proposal shared by Indore Municipal Corporation on www.mygov.in/group-issue/citizen-engagement-preparation-proposal-smart-city-indore to have citizen views on this proposal.
A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be
defined as a
general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and
proposed streets or roads, open spaces, public buildings etc. A master
plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for a new
town to be developed on a virgin soil. A master plan is a blueprint for the
future. It is an comprehensive document, long-range in its view, that
is intended to guide development in the
township for the next 10 to 20 years.
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Neighborhood planning in capital city of chandigarh an appraisal JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to critically and objectively evaluate the application of Neighborhood planning in capital city of chandigarh along with its success and failure
This is draft of Indore Smart City Proposal shared by Indore Municipal Corporation on www.mygov.in/group-issue/citizen-engagement-preparation-proposal-smart-city-indore to have citizen views on this proposal.
A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be
defined as a
general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and
proposed streets or roads, open spaces, public buildings etc. A master
plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for a new
town to be developed on a virgin soil. A master plan is a blueprint for the
future. It is an comprehensive document, long-range in its view, that
is intended to guide development in the
township for the next 10 to 20 years.
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
Premiumessays.net is an academic paper writing services provider specializing in essay writing. However we handle other academic papers because we have the writers academically qualified and experienced in handling them.Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) Sumit Ranjan
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Housing, 8th sem, B. Arch.
amount, beneficiaries, constraints and recommendations, discription, drawbacks, facilities, financial, funding, government, housing, introduction, managerial, nature, objectives, slums, technical
National Policies & Programs for Slum Upgrading in India: Bridging the Gap between Policy & Practices - Rajiv Ranjan Mishra - Third Expert Meeting of the Regional Slum Upgrading Working Group (RSUWG) - 29th. of November to the 1st. of December 2015 in Laleh International Hotel, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
AS Level Human Geography - Urbanization and SettlementArm Punyathorn
In this chapter, we will discuss how our cities/ villages are shaped. We will look at how residential factors can affect incomes and poverty, migration and population.
We find urban renewal projects to be both fascinating and inspirational. They showcase amazing creativity and reviltalise neglected neighbourhoods, underused waterfronts or even entire cities. Here’s a list of 20, about half of which are just getting started.
National Housing and Habitat Policy,2007-IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Framing Policies remains integral part of government commitment, operations, functioning and management. Policies framed focus on critical issue facing state/country, define agenda and options for approaching them in realistic and rational manner to remove all roadblocks and create supporting/enabling environment, to achieve the goals defined in the said policies. Considering role and impotence of housing in the physical, environmental, economic and social development including employment generation, industrial growth, promoting quality of life and ensuring welfare of individuals and communities, providing adequate and appropriate housing for all has been the objective which all governments want to achieve as part of national agenda. Housing, as one of the basic/critical necessities of human living, remains most dynamic, always evolving and devolving, never static and never finite. Housing and Habitat Policy framed by the Government of India, remains the first ever housing policy which is urban centric and focuses exclusively on urban housing. Framed in the year 2007 , outlining the prevailing status of urban housing in the country including shortage of housing, policy defines the need, goal , aims besides defining the role and responsibilities of parastatal and other agencies operating at central, state and local levels to achieve the goal of -Housing for all. Policy also outlines the functions to be performed by the agencies involved in research and development of evolving appropriate construction technologies and financial institutions to ensure flow of adequate funds in the housing sector. Text also analysis, critically and objectively, the need for rationalizing the policy to make it more focused, effective and efficient.
National Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007-IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Framing Policies remains integral part of government commitment, operations, functioning and management. Policies framed focus on critical issue facing state/country, define agenda and options for approaching them in realistic and rational manner to remove all roadblocks and create supporting/enabling environment, to achieve the goals defined in the said policies. Considering role and impotence of housing in the physical, environmental, economic and social development including employment generation, industrial growth, promoting quality of life and ensuring welfare of individuals and communities, providing adequate and appropriate housing for all has been the objective which all governments want to achieve as part of national agenda. Housing, as one of the basic/critical necessities of human living, remains most dynamic, always evolving and devolving, never static and never finite. Housing and Habitat Policy framed by the Government of India, remains the first ever housing policy which is urban centric and focuses exclusively on urban housing. Framed in the year 2007 , outlining the prevailing status of urban housing in the country including shortage of housing, policy defines the need, goal , aims besides defining the role and responsibilities of parastatal and other agencies operating at central, state and local levels to achieve the goal of -Housing for all. Policy also outlines the functions to be performed by the agencies involved in research and development of evolving appropriate construction technologies and financial institutions to ensure flow of adequate funds in the housing sector. Text also analysis, critically and objectively, the need for rationalizing the policy to make it more focused, effective and efficient.
Housing and Poverty Alleviation Through Five Year Plans in IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
During last more than seven decades of Independence from British Rule in 1947, India has been struggling to find solution to appropriate housing for the ever increasing pressure of population and rapid urban and rural migration. Stating with 1947, with more than 6 million people, under forced migration led by the division of India by creation of Pakistan as a separate nation, India has been grappling with finding appropriate solutions to the ever evolving, ever devolving problem of appropriate shelter for its ever rising population. With Five year plans dictating the national physical, social and economic growth agenda, attempt has been made to create housing and overcoming poverty through various schemes and programs launched through various Five year Plans by the respective governments, heading the Indian democratic structure. The contents, scope and approach of these program, policies and schemes have varied during various plan periods, depending upon the resources available, felt need of the community, priority for development, emerging problems facing the country etc. However, despite housing and poverty remaining a major issue, allocation of adequate resources allocated remained disproportionate to the need and requirement of the community. Based on the available data and the texts already written, attempt has been made to bring out various programs launched during the various plan periods, to showcase the approach adopted by India , as a nation, in meeting with its agenda of making accessible housing for all, managing poverty and reform agenda taken up in the urban context. Text also describes the agencies created for promoting planning, development, management and financing of shelter at the national, state and local levels.Indian journey during last more than seven decades makes an interesting reading with numerous lessons and learning, which remain valuable.
The third five year plan India (1961-1966) intended to make a more determined effort to develop the nation, carrying forward the legacy set by the previous two five year plans.
These five year plans are formulated by the planning commission, the aim of which is to increase the quality of life of the citizens through effective use of the country's resources.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is an agency of the Government of India responsible for urban poverty, housing, and employment programs. It is involved in national policy decisions and coordinates with Indian central ministries, state governments, and central sponsor programs. The Ministry was created in 2004 after splitting it from the Ministry of Urban Development. The government, in 2017, merged the urban development and housing and urban poverty alleviation ministries as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). The Government of India has launched various programs since its independence, such as some of the five year plans, to alleviate poverty and address the widening income gap, both, amongst the upper and lower classes of society, and amongst the rural and urban parts of the country. For instance, the "Eighth Plan policy guidelines envisages integrated approach to alleviation of urban poverty and servicing the urban poor with basic facilities so that their quality of life improves. The scheme could not help in preventing growth of new slums.
While newly launched programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Food Security Act, Mid-day Meals and Bharat Nirman Yojana have demonstrated success in the initial stages, their performance over the long-run still remains to be seen. The shortsightedness of the Indian government often leads it to launch populist programs that may not necessarily work well. Low-hanging fruit like increasing worker's minimum wage can go a long way in achieving the goal of poverty alleviation, but are yet to be taken up in spite of reminders from leading economists.
Mexican Sustainable Urban and Mobility Strategy and Climate ChangeFagner Glinski
El sábado 6 de diciembre del 2014, en el Congreso de la República del Perú, se llevó a cabo, como evento oficial de COP20, la Conferencia Internacional “Movilidad Sustentable y Cambio Climático”. Allí, la Cumbre de Ciudades Líderes en Movilidad Urbana Sustentable de América Latina – MUSAL – y la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sistemas Integrados y BRT – SIBRT – hicieron el lanzamiento de la “Declaración de Lima: Libro Blanco de la Movilidad Urbana Sustentable de América Latina”, publicación que contó con la participación y auspicio de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS).
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. Housing and Urban Policy in India
The policies of urban development and housing in India have come a long way since
1950s. The pressure of urban population and lack of housing and basic services were
very much evident in the early 1950s. In some cities this was compounded by migration
of people from Pakistan. However, the general perception of the policy makers was that
India is pre-dominantly an agricultural and rural economy and that there are potent
dangers of over urbanisation which will lead to the drain of resources from the
countryside to feed the cities. The positive aspects of cities as engines of economic
growth in the context of national economic policies were not much appreciated and,
therefore, the problems of urban areas were treated more as welfare problems and
sectors of residual investment rather than as issues of national economic importance.
In the First Five Year Plan (1951-56), the emphasis was given on institution building
and on construction of houses for Government employees and weaker sections. The
Ministry of Works & Housing was constituted and National Building Organisation and
Town & Country Planning Organisation were set up. A sizeable part of the plan outlay
was spent for rehabilitation of the refugees from Pakistan and on building the new city of
Chandigarh. An Industrial Housing Scheme was also initiated. The Centre subsidised
Scheme to the extent of 50% towards the cost of land and construction.
The scope of housing programme for the poor was expanded in the Second Plan (1956-
61). The Industrial Housing Scheme was widened to cover all workers. Three new
schemes were introduced, namely, Rural Housing, Slum Clearance and Sweepers
Housing. Town & Country Planning Legislations were enacted in many States and
necessary organisations were also set up for preparation of Master Plans for important
towns.
The general directions for housing programmes in the Third Plan (1961-66) were co-
ordination of efforts of all agencies and orienting the programmes to the needs of the
Low Income Groups. A Scheme was introduced in 1959 to give loans to State Govts. for
a period of 10 years for acquisition and development of land in order to make available
building sites in sufficient numbers. Master Plans for major cities were prepared and the
State capitals of Gandhi Nagar and Bhubaneswar were developed.
The balanced urban growth was accorded high priority in the Fourth Plan (1969-74).
The Plan stressed the need to prevent further growth of population in large cities and
need for decongestion or dispersal of population. This was envisaged to be achieved by
creation of smaller towns and by planning the spatial location of economic activity.
Housing & Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) was established to fund the
remunerative housing and urban development programmes, promising a quick turnover.
A Scheme for Environmental Improvement or Urban Slums was undertaken in the
Central Sector from 1972-73 with a view to provide a minimum level of services, like,
water supply, sewerage, drainage, street pavements in 11 cities with a population of 8
lakhs and above. The scheme was later extended to 9 more cities.
The Fifth Plan (1974-79) reiterated the policies of the preceding Plans to promote
smaller towns in new urban centres, in order to ease the increasing pressure on
urbanisation. This was to be supplemented by efforts to augment civic services in urban
areas with particular emphasis on a comprehensive and regional approach to problems in
metropolitan cities. A Task Force was set up for development of small and medium
towns. The Urban Land (Ceiling & Regulation) Act was enacted to prevent concentration
2. of land holding in urban areas and to make available urban land for construction of
houses for the middle and low income groups.
The thrust of the planning in the Sixth Plan (1980-85) was on integrated provision of
services along with shelter, particularly for the poor. The Integrated Development of
Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) was launched in towns with population below one
lakh for provision of roads, pavements, minor civic works, bus stands, markets, shopping
complex etc. Positive inducements were proposed for setting up new industries and
commercial and professional establishments in small, medium and intermediate towns.
The Seventh Plan (1985-90) stressed on the need to entrust major responsibility of
housing construction on the private sector. A three-fold role was assigned to the public
sector, namely, mobilisation for resources for housing, provision for subsidised housing
for the poor and acquisition and development of land. The National Housing Bank was
set up to expand the base of housing finance. NBO was reconstituted and a new
organisation called Building Material Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) was set up
for promoting commercial production of innovative building materials. A network of
Building Centres was also set up during this Plan period. The Seventh Plan explicitly
recognised the problems of the urban poor and for the first time an Urban Poverty
Alleviation Scheme known as Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) was launched.
As a follow-up of the Global Shelter Strategy (GSS), National Housing Policy (NHP) was
announced in 1988. The long term goal of the NHP was to eradicate houselessness,
improve the housing conditions of the inadequately housed and provide a minimum level
of basic services and amenities to all. The role of Government was conceived, as a
provider for the poorest and vulnerable sections and as a facilitator for other income
groups and private sector by the removal of constraints and the increased supply of land
and services.
The National Commission of Urbanisation submitted its report. The Report eloquently
pointed out the reality of continuing and rapid growth of the urban population as well as
the scale and intensity of urbanisation, the critical deficiencies in the various items of
infrastructure, the concentration of vast number of poor and deprived people, the acute
disparities in the access of shelter and basic services, deteriorating environmental quality
and the impact of poor governance on the income and the productivity of enterprises.
In the backdrop of this report the Eighth Plan (1992-97) for the first time explicitly
recognised the role and importance of urban sector for the national economy. While
growth rate of employment in the urban areas averaged around 3.8% per annum, it
dropped to about 1.6% in the rural areas. Therefore, the urban areas have to be enabled
to absorb larger increments to the labour force. The Plan identified the key issues in the
emerging urban scenario:
the widening gap between demand and supply of infrastructural services badly
hitting the poor, whose access to the basic services like drinking water,
sanitation, education and basic health services is shrinking
unabated growth of urban population aggravating the accumulated backlog of
housing shortages, resulting in proliferation of slums and squatter settlement and
decay of city environment
high incidence of marginal employment and urban poverty as reflected in NSS
43rd
round that 41.8 million urban people lived below the poverty line.
The response of the Plan to this scenario was the launching of Urban Poverty and
Alleviation Programme of Nehru Rojgar Yojana (NRY)