This document provides an overview of the evolution of urban and regional planning in India from pre-independence to present day. It discusses key definitions and concepts in urban planning. Historically, rapid urbanization during industrialization led to overcrowding and poor living conditions in cities. In post-independence India, the Five Year Plans from the 1st Plan in 1951 to the current 12th Plan in 2017 placed increasing emphasis on urban planning and development to address population growth, infrastructure needs, and quality of life issues in Indian cities.

1. Urban and Regional
Planning - VIII
Unit 1
. Definition and vocabulary of urban and regional
planning
. Historical evolution of town planning, Industrialization
and Urbanisation
. Evolution of town planning in India: pre-independence and
post-independence.

2. Definition and vocabulary of urban and
regional planning
• Urban planning -
the branch of architecture dealing with the design and organization of urban space and a
ctivities
• Urban planning -
determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a
community
• Urban planning, also known as regional planning, town planning, city planning, or rural
planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development
and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and
the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such
as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility.

3. Historical evolution of town planning,
Industrialization and Urbanisation
The era of industrialization
• In both Europe and the United States, the surge of industry during the mid- and late
19th century was accompanied by rapid population growth, unfettered business
enterprise, great speculative profits, and public failures in managing the unwanted
physical consequences of development. Giant sprawling cities developed during this
era, exhibiting the luxuries of wealth and the meanness of poverty in
sharp juxtaposition. Eventually the corruption and exploitation of the era gave rise to
the Progressive movement, of which city planning formed a part.
• The slums, congestion, disorder, ugliness, and threat of disease provoked a reaction in
which sanitation improvement was the first demand. Significant betterment of public
health resulted from engineering improvements in water supply and sewerage, which
were essential to the further growth of urban populations.
• Also during the Progressive era, which extended through the early 20th century, efforts
to improve the urban environment emerged from recognition of the need
for recreation. Parks were developed to provide visual relief and places for
healthful play or relaxation. Later, playgrounds were carved out in congested areas, and
facilities for games and sports were established not only for children but also for adults,
whose workdays gradually shortened.

4. Evolution of town planning in India:
pre-independence and post-independence.
Timeline of important events with respect to town planning (post-Independence)
1946:
Just vital occasion from town planning perspective was a report by Health Survey and Development Committee under Sir Joseph Bhore. The real proposals of the
Committee were:
• Creation of Ministry of Health and Town Planning in each region
• Fully prepared Provincial Directorates of Town Planning
• Appointment of a specialist in Central Ministry of Health to prompt and examine Town Planning Schemes in various regions submitted to Central Government for
budgetary help
• Creation of Improvement Trusts in every substantial city in India.
1947-1948:
Parcel of the nation amid 1947-48 gives scenery of urban strategy in India. A huge number of displaced people who touched base in North India from Pakistan looked for haven and business
in different urban communities. In the process around 1 million individuals passed on and 10 million individuals removed and compelled to relocate to various urban communities of India. This
advancement combined with work openings made in urban communities amid Second World War because of setting up of war creation plants, brought about generous increment in urban
populace. The outcome was incredible increment in substandard lodging and ghettos. Consequently, top need was concurred to Refugee Rehabilitation, requiring private advancement on
mass scale. Aimless advancement, constraints of Town Planning were gotten center including extraordinary deficiency of experts, non-presence of extensive Town Planning enactments in
every one of the states and sloppiness of Town Planning divisions in the nation.
• 1950:
• Plan of activities made to put town anticipating more grounded balance;
• Central Govt. activities in giving direction to state governments around the local area Planning began;
• Limitations of TPS – numerous in numbers in a city and by and large random to each other and frequently experiencing some miscommunication;
• Need for Master Plan as facilitated set of recommendations to investigate exhibit needs and future prerequisites.
• Bombay Town Planning Act 1954 – First exhaustive Act requiring Plan of Master Plan
• Master Plans to be set up by concerned neighborhood bodies inside a particular period and in this manner set the pace for an extensively efficient
arranging in that state.
• Town Planning Schemes attempted from this point forward were to be inside the system of Master Plan

5. Five year Plans
Changes and development in town planning after 1950|Emergence of Five Year
Plans
First-Five Year Plan (1951-56)
• This Plan was basically worried about the issues of farming area on the grounds
that not long after autonomy these issues required earnest national consideration.
Also, with restricted assets the administration gave top needs to accomplish
objectives relating to farming. In this manner, the issues identified with urban
advancement involved low position in the rundown of First Five Year needs.
• Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61)
• In this Plan an endeavor was made to operationalize the Modernization
hypothesis. There was a conviction that, the underdevelopment could be
overwhelmed by the specialized and authoritative structure that would have made
advancement conceivable in the industrialized nations. Plan was started to give
monetary help to the states and nearby bodies for clearing the squatter settlements
and enormous ghettos in huge urban areas.

6. Third Five-Year Plan (1961-66)
• In this Plan more consideration was paid to urban planning in India. Through this Plan government out of the blue, figured an
urban planning and land approach. The principle goal of this strategy was to accomplish adjusted improvement in various
urban territories of India by building up substantial, medium and little scale enterprises. The most vital commitment of
planning in this Plan period was the dispersion of the thoughts of town planning from the center to the states.
Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-74)
• This Plan focused on the requirement for the provincial way to deal with the issue of the urban advancement, decongestion
of urban communities, dispersal of urban populace, appropriation of the group improvement program for the urban areas and
also the natural change in urban ghettos. Amid this Plan government perceived the critical need to check populace
development of enormous urban areas like Calcutta (Kolkata) and Bombay (Mumbai) and furthermore to start populace
dispersal to diminish weight on the huge urban areas.
Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-79)
• This Plan accentuated the requirement for the ecological change in huge urban communities. There was an expanded
concern and acknowledgment of urban issues, among which urban destitution was generally vital. Numerous advancement
programs were propelled and Urban Development Authorities were set up by the state governments in enormous urban
communities.
Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-85)
• This Plan focused on more accentuation on the coordinated improvement of little and medium towns, as started in past
plans. This was finished with the perspective of advancing improvement of residential communities as well as the provincial
zones too, by their working as the development focuses.
Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-90)
• This Plan proceeded with continuous projects started in the before design and the legislature noticed the fast development of
metropolitan urban areas and moderate development of little and medium towns, as demonstrated by insights of 1981
evaluation. Therefore, the Seventh Plan focused on the requirement for the coordinated improvement of little and medium
towns and the requirement for moderating the development of metropolitan urban areas.

7. Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-97)
The Eighth Five Year Plan underlined human advancement as the center for every formative exertion. The Plan was
subjectively unique in relation to the past plans in its points, on the grounds that, lone through this Plan an obvious
advance was normal in urban administration. It perceived for the more noteworthy contribution of the intentional offices
that can exhibit and improve and go about as help systems to nearby level foundations. It likewise perceived the part of
the legislature in encouraging the procedure of the general population’s inclusion by making the correct kind of
institutional framework.
Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002)
This Plan visualized for the development and change in social foundation like human services, instruction, lodging, water
supply and sanitation in urban regions. For a few divisions like lodging, it was underlined to accomplish particular focuses
inside a characterized time period for different areas, for example, wellbeing and instruction. Endeavors were made to
accomplish generous development and change in the nature of administrations. Along these lines, urban areas got the
acknowledgment it merited in this Plan.
Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007)
In this Plan the need was given to the improvement of decentralized Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) structure to adapt to the
interest for essential infrastructural offices required in urban communities for their legitimate development. The part of the
ULBs was critical for the urban advancement and they ought to enhance their capacities by preparing themselves to
attempt in asset raising, administrations Plan and destitution mitigation.
Eleventh Five – Year Plan (2007-2012)
Eleventh Plan plot a complete procedure for advancement of both rustic and urban framework and characterized to
incorporate electric power, streets, railroads, ports, airplane terminals, media communications, water system, drinking
water, sanitation, stockpiling, and warehousing.
Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
Generally, framework used to be made by people in general division yet progressively, everywhere throughout the world,
nations have tried different things with various types of open private association, especially in circumstances, where
clients will pay a client charge which produces a potential income stream. A noteworthy new activity taken in the Twelfth
Plan, to enhance execution of the Centrally Sponsored Schemes is to defend the quantity of the CSS, decreasing them
from 142 to 66, and furthermore allowing more prominent adaptability in the rules.