The document discusses the critical need for effective urban planning and master plans to develop smart and sustainable cities, highlighting the rapid urbanization trends and challenges, especially in India. It outlines the historical and projected population growth, the importance of cities in economic development, and the inadequacies of current urban governance and planning practices. The emphasis is on establishing comprehensive, inclusive, and adaptable plans to address the issues of slums, resource consumption, and environmental sustainability.

1. Jit Kumar Gupta,
former Director, College
of Architecture, IET
Bhaddal
Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
REDEFINING
MASTER PLANS TO
PROMOTE SMART
AND SUSTAINABLE
CITIES

2. State of World
Cities

3. State of World’s Cities
 UN Habitat Report, State of World’s Cities 2008/2009-
Harmonious Cities, defines cities in terms of --
Cities contain both order and chaos.
In them reside beauty and ugliness--virtue and vice.
 They can bring out best or worst in human kind.
 They are physical manifestation of history and culture
They are incubators of innovations, industry, technology,
entrepreneurship and creativity.
 Cities are materialization of humanity’s noblest ideas, ambitions and
aspirations,
 but when not planned or governed properly, can be repository of
society’s ills.
Cities drive national economies by creating wealth, enhancing social
development and providing employment but
 they can also be breeding grounds for poverty, exclusion and
environmental degradation.

4. Hierarchy of Human Settlements

5. Population--
Global, Indian

6. Population Scenario-World World population recorded:World population recorded:
 1 Billion in 18041 Billion in 1804
 2 Billion in 1927 (123 yrs. Later)2 Billion in 1927 (123 yrs. Later)
 3 Billion in 1960 (33 yrs. Later)3 Billion in 1960 (33 yrs. Later)
 4 Billion in 1974 (14 yrs. Later)4 Billion in 1974 (14 yrs. Later)
 5 Billion in 1987 (13 yrs. Later)5 Billion in 1987 (13 yrs. Later)
 6 Billion in 1999 (12 yrs. Later)6 Billion in 1999 (12 yrs. Later)
 7 Billion in 2010 (11 yrs. Later)7 Billion in 2010 (11 yrs. Later)
 UNO population projection ranges from 8.9-10.9UNO population projection ranges from 8.9-10.9
billion for 2050.billion for 2050.
 60% population to live in cities by 2030-adding 1.460% population to live in cities by 2030-adding 1.4
billionbillion
 65 million people added annually to cities- 1.7965 million people added annually to cities- 1.79
lakh/daylakh/day
 China and Indian have population over 1 billionChina and Indian have population over 1 billion
 India to be most populated country by 2036.India to be most populated country by 2036.
 Tokyo largest Urban Agglomeration with 34Tokyo largest Urban Agglomeration with 34
million residents (2011).million residents (2011).
 26 Urban Agglomerations with + 10 million26 Urban Agglomerations with + 10 million
population in world – with 3 in India (Mumbai,population in world – with 3 in India (Mumbai,
Kolkata & Delhi).Kolkata & Delhi).

7. Contribution to increase in urban population , 2014 to 2050

8. Population Scenario- India-2011Population of India reached
 250 million in 1919
 500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
 1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
 1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
 1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
 Last century --- 5 fold growth in population
 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50% in Urban India.
 Metropolitan Centres -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-68(2031)
 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9 (2051
 Urban India -- added more persons(91m) than Rural
India(90m)in last decade
 massive shift of population
 -not simply a shift of demographics
 -- places cities/towns at centre of India’s development trajectory.
 Increased population requires
 More cities,
 More housing,
 More educational healthcare/ institutions
 More commercial space ,
 More transportation
 – More infrastructure
 – more Resources

9. Indian Urbanization

10. Indian Urbanization

11. Population Distribution- India-2011
* Urban Pop. (2011)--377 m (31.1 %)- 7935 towns/cities
- Mega Cities with Pop > 10m - 4% of total pop
- Cities with Population 5-10m- 3%
- Cities with Population 1-5m- 6%
- Cities with Population 0.1-1m- 9%
- Cities with Population < 0.1 m- 9%
** Rural Pop (2011) - 833 m ( 68.9%) - 6,40, 867 villages
---- Very large (>10k) and large villages(>5k)-17%
-- Medium villages (2-5 k)— 24%
--- Small villages (1-2000) — 17%
------Hamlets (5 00-1000) — 8%
---- Small Hamlets(<5 00)— 3%
 Every 3rd Indian lives in urban areas
 Every 5th
Indian lives in cities
 Every 8th
Urbanite lives in Mega city
 4 3% urbanites live in 53 metro cities
 7 0% urbanites are residing in cities.
 Large and medium villages house 60%rural pop.

12. Indian Urbanization

13. URBAN INDIA- 2030- Mckinsey Global Inst-
 India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010 -- by 2030:
 590 m to live in Urban India- twice the US population
 70% GDP generated by cities
 80% Revenue generated by cities
 4 fold increase in per capita income
 5 times the number by which GDP would multiply
 270 million net increase in working age group
 70% of new jobs(170 mil) generated in cities
 91 M urban households will be middle class-- up from 22 M
 68 Cities will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
 $ 1.2T capital needed to meet projected infrastructure demand
 700-900 million Sqmts of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
 2.5 b Sqmts roads paved-20times created in last decade
 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro needed -20times created in last
decade
 200 million Rural Indians to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
 75%urban India to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day

14. Indian Urbanization

15. Indian Urbanization

16. Indian Urbanization

17. Indian Urbanization
• Urban area are important because they are
 Areas of future concentration of population,
 Providers of large employment.
 Areas of large investment.
 Housing major infrastructure & services.
 Hub around which entire economy gravitates.
 Promoters of higher order of productivity
• Major contributors to the national wealth/GDP
 1950-51 - 29% (level of urbanization - 17.29%)
 1970-71- 37% (level of urbanization - 19.91%)
 1990-91- 50% (level of urbanization - 25.72%)
 2001-02- 60% (level of urbanization - 27.78%)
 2011- 12- 65% (level of urbanization - 31.1%)
 10 Largest cities house 8%pop and produce 15%GDP
 53 Metro cities house 13 %pop and produce 33%GDP
 100 Largest cities house 16%pop and produce 43%GDP

18. Indian Urbanization
 Urbanization -- determinant and consequence of
economic development.
-- development and urbanization synonymous
 Urban growth & economic growth go hand in hand
 Cities called engines of economic growth
 -- make large contribution to national wealth.
 Economy hinges on productivity of urban settlements.
 Building Smart cities critical to boost rural economy
 Urban centers need to be planned to
 Attract investment
 Provide Employment.
 Ensure quality of life.
 Make them Smart ,Sustainable, Productive, Livable,
Humane and Eco- friendly.
Lack of policies to manage Urban India will
 jeopardize growth
 risking employment generation.

19.  India
Urbanization-
issues

20. Urbanization-issues
Despite distinct advantages , Urban
centers:
 Poorly managed and governed.
 Unable to meet challenges of urban dynamism
 Haphazard /Unplanned pattern of development.
 Enormous growth of slums
 Poor quality of life
 Failure to meet basic needs of
1. Shelter
2. Services
3. Land ,Water/ Sanitation
• Population , Poverty , Pollution and traffic have emerged
as the greatest threat / challenge to Indian Cities.
• Indian Urbanization is rightly called :
 Urbanization of Population
 Urbanization of Poverty
 Urbanization of Pollution

21. • Cities profoundly alter :
--quality of life
-Impact local/ global environment
- consume 70% energy
- generate 73% carbon footprints
•Cities fast emerging as GREY CITIES,
• the way they:
 Use land
 Consume resources
 Create high energy demand
 Increase travel needs
Create heat islands
Generate waste
Create ecological problems
Destroy natural habitat
Add to water pollution
Adversely impact environment
Lower down quality of life
Urbanization-issuesUrbanization-issues

22. Cities fast emerging as large consumers of resources and
generators of waste due to:
 Concentration of population.
 Concentration of activities.
 Increasing size of cities.
 Increasing travel demand.
 Increased travel distance.
 Increased personal vehicles.
 Construction of large number of buildings
 Cooling / heating spaces for comfortable
living/working.
Energy consumptions levels rising rapidly due to:
 Increasing income level.
 Higher car ownership.
 Travel becoming a habit.
 Designing Cities without caring for energy
implications
 Designing buildings without caring for energy
implications
 Increasing level of living comforts.
--Considering multiple impacts
-essential to make cities sustainable
Urbanization-issuesUrbanization-issues

23. Urbanization-issuesUrbanization-issues

25. Approach to
Planning Cities in
India– Master
Plans

26. Urban Planning and Legal Framework
• Facing rapid / massive urbanization-- major concerns to all
governments :
 urban land development and
 urban development process --because
• Planning/ Managing urban settlements have major implications on:
 economic development,
 social change,
 Environmental sustainability,
 operational efficiency of society
 Welfare of community
• Central to such development / administration--
- human beings their
- Basic requirements -- living, working, cobs and travel
- Land -- its allocation -- planning and management
-- Sub-division of land
--- Use of Land
• Accordingly--Land-use planning emerges-- most powerful element
in process of urban development.
• Sustainable development-- key to urban sustainability

27. Master Plans/ Development Plans
 Master Plans used extensively by urban Planner for;
-- promoting planned development
-- guiding / rationalizing future urban growth
--Endorsing urban growth in desired direction,
-- promoting economic development,
--Rationalizing transportation
--Promoting operational efficiency of city
-- providing basic/essential amenities to people.
-- improving service delivery
Master plans focus on land use planning
-- period spanning 20 years
---Process -- generally office centric-
-- limited involvement of city/ stakeholders/ communities /
professionals
-- only 30% cities in India have completed master plans.

28. Defining Master Plans/ Development Plans
City of Trenton, NJ has defined Master Plan in terms of;--
--A comprehensive plan
-- providing long-range vision for built environment of a community/
guiding appropriate use of lands within a municipality
-- to protect the public health and safety
-- to promote general welfare
 identify Suitable locations for—
 commercial, housing/ mixed-use dev;
-- increasing density/ use redevelopment
Opportunities to extend/ improve open space, recreational areas/
civic facilities;
Strategies for increasing economic development;
Environmental, historic/ cultural resources that need conservation;
Strategies for solving congestion and improving transit services.

29. Defining Master Plans/ Development Plans
. Master Plan has also been defined as--- A plan that
-- shows an overall development concept that includes
-- urban design, landscaping, infrastructure, service provision,
circulation, present and future land use and built form.
-- Consisting of three dimensional images,
- texts,
- -- diagrams,
- -- statistics,
- -- reports
- -- maps and
- -- aerial photos
- -- describing how a specific location will be developed
- --. provides a structured approach
- -- creates a clear framework for developing an area.

30. Defining Master Plans/ Development Plans
.. Looking at definitions, Master Plans are mandated to be ;
--definer of physical environment,
-- social environment and
--economic environment
-- promoter of planned development.
-- having all ingredients which can make a city--
--people centric, more liveable, sustainable, productive
--sustainers of quality living besides
-- an attractive investment destination.
--Accordingly, governments create--comprehensive legal
framework --defining objectives, intent, scope / contents /
methodology
-- for preparing Master Plan
-- to launch cities

31. OBJECTIVES
 Envisioned to Promote systematic & planned growth of city by:
 (i) Identifying existing gaps in physical / social infrastructure & to bridge
those gaps
 (ii) Making assessment of city-- suggest strategies for economic
development.
 (iii) Leveraging economy
 (iv) Rationalizing land uses
 (v) Minimizing haphazard / uncontrolled growth
 (vi) Achieving planned growth /planned development
 vii Creating healthy living environment
 (vii) Promoting better urban governance/ resource generation.
(viii) Rationalizing orderly movement of traffic and transportation
 (ix) defining area for network of various services.
 (x) Indicating spatial distribution of physical/social infrastructure
 (xi) Ensuring balanced/ integrated development
(xii) Framing strategies for resolving core area problems
 xiii)Promoting Urban Sustainability, inclusiveness,
 xiv) Reducing carbon footprints
Master Plan- Objectives

32. Preparing Master Plan
 Preparing Master Plan Involves:
 • Collection / review of available data, documents, reports, etc.
 site visits.
 Studying demand/supply and identifying gaps in service delivery. ,
 identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats,
 preparing Existing Land use Plan--thematic maps,
 • Reviewing ongoing / proposed development projects and other Govt schemes
 • Formulating vision and Mission
 Making population projection for next 20 years
 • Locating / estimating extent of land uses such as residential, industrial, commercial,.
 Preparing Proposed Land use Plan and Zonal Development Plan etc.
 Defining Development Control Regulations.
 Evolving framework for implementation of Master Plan
 Prioritizing projects
 • Formulating Investment Plan with appropriate financing strategies.
 • Focusing on reforms to be carried out to promote planned interventions

33. Master Plans—
Issues

34. MASTER PLANS - Problems
 Master Plan involves;
--Lengthy, cumbersome time consuming process for preparation
and approvals
-- Planning chasing the development
--Expensive--Requires enormous resources-- financial /
manpower
 Freezes city for next 20 years--Rigid- lacks flexibility
Focus on defining land use of each piece of land
Largely ignoring social, economic, environmental issues
-putting emphasizes on plan preparation
--Based primarily on secondary data;
-- Minimizes stakeholders participation-- Lack of transparency
-- Plan generally based on hafbaked base plan/existing land use
plan
Mismatch between plan proposals and ground realities

35. MASTER PLANS - Problems
Divorce between Plan preparation and plan implementation
Creating large disputes in plan interpretation
Non- involvement of Professionals- Architects, urban designers
Engineers, environmentalists, conservationists landscape experts
in plan preparation/implementation
inability to meet emerging urban challenges/ address urban
dynamism
Controller of Development
 major road block in promoting planned development
Based on philosophy of exclusion-- informal sector
 Does not address the needs of the informal sector-
living/working
 emergence of Slums/ haphazard development
- elitist in nature


36. Master Plans- ProblemsDespite Master Plans – Majority of growth marked by dualities and
contradictions
-- where planned /unplanned development and
-- slums/sky-scrappers-- rub shoulders
‘ where exclusion of majority is principle rather than exception
--Cities continue to remain unsustainable
-- because of lopsided policy/ approach making these plans—
--Plan focuses on expanding/melting the city
--increasing distances/travel demand
--bringing more vehicles roads
--lacking focus to reduce travel demand and traffic
- make development --economical,, cost effective
Focussing on promoting mobility rather than accessibility
 – planning for Vehicles rather than planning for people

37. Master Plans- Problems
Energy efficiency --no priority in planning- making cities
unsustainable / energy inefficient
City Plans remains a two dimensional document-- where vital
third dimension remains absent- urban design
Does not give clear picture of final shape, form / typology of city
Built environment– covering > 75% of city -- has no definition/
details
Majority of city growth– unplanned/ haphazard/ sub- standard
due to rigid land use planning
 urban designers find no place in city planning-- making cities
-- half planned and
-- half baked
-- groping in dark about its future

38. Master Plans- Problems
City viewed as a commodity rather than a living organism
Consumer of large amount of precious agricultural land
Promoters of low density settlements
Cities missing quality urban spaces– due to absence of urban
designers
Cities missing quality Green Spaces- due to absence of Landscape
experts

39. Changing Context
of Master Plans-
Better Master
Plan

40. CHANGING CONTEXT OF MASTER PLANS
Need to make Master Plan a better Master Plan
by:
-- changing its intent, content, approach and
philosophy
-- making it more people/city centric
-- involving participatory approach
-- bringing flexibility
-- preparing in a limited time,
--City structure defined through
 road network,
 infrastructure network and

41. CHANGING CONTEXT OF MASTER PLANS
Master Plan to be;
-- promoter of Planned development
--rather than controller of development
-- making city compact
 -- prepared with energy efficiency as focus
-- Reducing carbon footprints of city promote Sustainability
-- Promoting mixed landuse-- rather than pure land use
planning
---Promoter of Green Transportation-- pedestrianisation, cycling,
public transport as the-- preferred mode of transportation
-- Promoting TOD to minimise travel
Minimising use of Agricultural land/ minimum land under
urbanization- 2.45land vs 16.7% population


42. CHANGING CONTEXT OF MASTER PLANS
Promoting self-sufficiency in day to day needs
Promoting Decentralization
Providing open spaces on defined norms
Planning city on well defined norms / planning
parameters
Promote water sufficiency
Promote reducing/ recycling/ reuse of water/waster
Make informal sector integral part of planning process
Promoting Green Energy - Solar, Wind, Bio-mass, Geo-
thermal energy-as sources of energy
Preparing Master Plan using nature as the basis- SUN,
SPACE, VERDURE

43. CHANGING CONTEXT OF MASTER PLANS
Cities can be made Smart/sustainable
if they are:
Visioned Smartly
 Planned Smartly
 Built Smartly
 Developed Smartly,
Operated Smartly
 Financed Smartly
Governed Smartly
 Smart Leadership
 Smart Mobility
 having high environmental quality
--. Assured/ gainful employment for all

44. Smart Vision
Vision is the starting point for any city to be smart
Vision to be defined :
After detailed study
Carrying out SWOT analysis
Looking at future potential
Building on existing strength
Creating vision achievable and realistic
-Vision to be outcome of--
 participatory approach
Using a consultative process
Involving all stakeholders
Creating a think tank
Involving intelligentia of city

45. Sustainable/
Smart Planning

46. –Goal 11—focuses on-- making human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient , sustainable- to minimize global
warming and climate change-

47. Changing context of Urban Planning
• For making cities smart in past-urban planning concepts revolved
around promoting:
 Planned cities
 Inclusive Cities
 Sustainable Cities
 Green Cities
 Intelligent Cities
 Smart Cities
 Looking at the solutions:
 Garden City
 Linear City
 Industrial City
 Vertical Cities
 Compact Cities
 Radiant Cities
• City Planning needs to be leveraged to make cities Smart, cleaner,
greener & Sustainable,

48. Garden City

49. GARDEN CITY

50. Linear City

51. COBS
WORKINGLIVING
CIRCULATION
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing the
works of man of machine-age society.
• placed under the masterful
government of natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is the service of
mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)

52. PLANNING CITIES- Regional Context
New Order of Urban Planning will focus on:
Regional Planning- involving urban and rural settlements
Regional approach/model has help in
-- minimizing local competition and conflicts,
--- over/under investment in infrastructure
- overcoming confusion over role / responsibilities of various
agencies
-- making city smart.
-- promoting higher order of co-operation and growth
-- of not only city-- but of region.
-- Looking outward helps in
-- achieving the objectives of
-- integration and
-- decentralized planning,
th

53. Compact City

54. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Critically reviewing Planning tools to make
cities--
-- more livable
- more sustainable
-- more productive
-- more cost effective
- more operationally efficient
- least consumers of resources
 least consumers of energy
 least generator of waste
- minimizing travel
--making cities Compact

55. Compact City-- Advantages
-Minimizes land to be used for urbanisation
--Optimizes use of available urban land
--Spares more land for agriculture
--Minimises service network
--Makes cost of services lower- w/s, sewerage, roads, sanitation,
lighting etc- planning, development, management
- making development --cost- effective
--Makes service delivery cost- effective
- lowering life-cycle cost of services
- Lowering cost to city and residents
--Minimises cost of recycling/reuse of waste
-- Minimises distances between place of work/living/services etc
--Minimises trip length
-- Minimises travel demand

56. Compact City-- Advantages
--Minimises area under road network
-- Optimises Mass transportation
- Minimises the need for personal vehicles
-- Reduces problems of congestion and parking
-- Improves road safety
-- Promotes pedestrianisation/cycling
-- Reduces environmental pollution-- making city clean
- Reduces social cost of meeting large open spaces
--Promoting Pedestrianisation
--makes city socially more inclusive- improves interface between residents
--Promoting 24x7 use of infrastructure and services
-Making communities more safe and free from crime
--Creating Better rural- urban interface- city & periphery
Compact city makes perfect business sense and creates win -win
situation for all the stakeholders- including residents, communities’
state and nations--by reducing life –cycle cost of operation of cities
/reducing tax liabilities of the residents- making cities operationally

57. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Making cities compact by ;
. –Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
---Building accessibility not mobility
-- Building for people not for vehicles
-- optimizing current infrastructure.
-- promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height and
-Rationalizing land uses and Building bye-laws
.

58. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
• Parameters for making cities compact ;
•--Defining shape of the city-- maximizing area with
minimum circumference
•-- Minimizing Area of city
•--Increasing density
•-- Redefining/ Rationalizing FAR
•--Increasing Height
•-Rationalizing Land use
•--Changing Typology of buildings- Flatted Vs Plotted
development
•--Re-densification of existing Cities
•--Promoting Mixed Land-use Planning
•--Promoting Regional Planning

59. PLANNING COMPACT CITY

60. PLANNING COMPACT CITY

61. Transit Oriented Development

62. Curitiba's BRT corridors run along high-
density developed area

64.  A city of 50,000population
 City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
 working/ living area not farther than200
mts from transportation nodes).
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run
on magnetic tracks using electric
power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city

65. ianjn
•Introduction
•Master Plan
•Milestones
-City developed as joint effort between China and Singapore Governments.
-Located 40 kms from Tianjin city centre and 150 KMS from Beijing city
-Total land area of 30 sq. km.
- When fully completed in around 2020,-- population of 350,000 residents.
, Site made of saltpans, barren land and polluted water-bodies,
included a 2.6 sq km large wastewater pond.
Site selected --- a derelict area with shortage of drinking water

66. ..
1. Land-use Planning -planned to be compact, with a good mix of land uses and
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles.
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .--to increase trips via public transport
and non-motorised modes of transport --- bicycles and walking, within Eco-city.
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---City planned with extensive green
(vegetation) and blue (water) networks to provide quality living /working
environment. The green network comprises a green lung at core and eco-corridors
emanating from the lung to the other parts of city.
4. Water bodies linked for water circulation to enhance ecology ,provide attractive
environment , recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
6. Master Plan can be summed as- 1 axis-3 centres-4 districts

68. .

69. SMART PLANNING-- Rules
-----Avoid Urban Sprawl
-- Stop melting of cities
--Make cities more compact,
reduce carbon footprints
-- Make cities energy efficient
Plan for People not vehicles
-Promote accessibility not mobility
Make streets safe
Create dedicated spaces for Pedestrians
Provide safe connected network for Cyclists
-Ensure high quality Public Transport
Use data to detect problem areas
- Involve communities
-Pan for Need and not Greed

72. Future cities

73. • HIGH RISE BUILDINGS:
have enormous capacity to create large volume of built space
sparing large ground space for non -urban uses.
provide optimum solutions for housing large
population/activities using minimum area.
 Make cities more compact
Reduce the need of long travels.
Offer opportunities for pedestrianising cities.
Make cities more humane & eco-friendly.
Create well knit & close communities.
•Providing work space & amenities within/near the
buildings
•High rise buildings connected by efficient means of
mass transportation-- minimize use of personalized
vehicles.
• Cities would look more green, open and eco-
friendly.
Looking Forward - Reshaping
Cities
Presentation1.pptx

74. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
•Location: Any densely populated urban
environment
•Date: 1991
•Cost: $150,000,000,000
•Population: 1,000,000 people
•Exterior surface area of building: 150,000,000
sft.
•Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
•Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres-156
secors
•Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles
per hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach
top floor from ground floor.
•Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
•Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
•Number of stories--500;
•Total Square Feet: Approximately 5,000,000 sft

75. Mile-High Tower-
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Location Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Cost US$28.5 billion
• Height 1 mile (1,600 m; 5,280 ft)
• Floor area 3,530,000 m2 (38,000,000 sft)
• Capacity 80,000 people
•
• The tower will have -275 floors
• Lobby upto 5 th floor
• Offices 6- 50 floors
• Five-star hotel &Conference halls 51-75 floors
• Deluxe residential units 76-195 floors and
• Retail facilities 196-275 floors
• Alternate Energy Generation 196-275 floor
• -- project already under construction since
2008

76. Earth Scrapper – Mexico City
Location- Mexico City
Depth 300 mtrs. Below ground
Designed as Inverted Pyramid
Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
Preserve the cities historic centre
and the heritage buildings
surrounding the square.
Interior of the building to look
natural.
Building to be the city”s top
retail destination.

77. VERTICAL CITY- PARIS

79. Defining Smart Cities
Forbes identified Nine key
aspects that define a
Smart City: ‘
•smart governance
• Smart education
•smart energy,
•smart building,
• smart mobility,
•smart infrastructure,
•smart technology,
•smart healthcare
•smart citizen

80. Making Cities Great

81. Way Forward-Defining a realistic / achievable Vision for city based on:
-- in-depth study, and analysis
-- including SWOT analysis,
 -- using a consultative process
-- involving stakeholders/ experts / parastatal agencies
 De-freezing City by changing:
-- approach from defining land uses of all parcels of land
-- providing a developmental framework
-- within which city should grow
-- for meeting ever changing needs / people aspirations
-- to emerging technologies and ever changing urban contexts
. Making City Compact
-- by redefining shape and size of the city
-- adopting high rise / high density / Mixed landuse/ Transit Oriented
-- to optimise land, minimise travel, reduce carbon footprints and
-- make city development cost / energy efficient.

82. Way ForwardPromoting Green Transport
-- by changing our approach
-- from planning for vehicle to planning for people
-- with order of priority for travel placed-- as pedestrianisation /cycling/ mass
transportation / personal vehicles
-- minimising congestion/ lowering environmental pollution /avoiding traffic
blues.
 Making city energy efficient through;
-- preparing Master Plan with
-- minimising energy consumption as the focus
-- by adopting mixed land use/ avoiding pure land use
-- redefining living-working-leisure relationship
-- and adopting transit oriented development approach
Promoting Regional Context by viewing / planning city
-- in larger context by
-- linking cities and towns
-- linking urban areas to rural areas

83. Way Forward
Making urban villages integral part of planning process
-- by defining policy framework/ agenda for
-- planning / development of villages
-- falling in urban/ urbanisable/ planning area
Making informal sector integral part of planning process
-- by earmarking appropriate and dedicated space
-- for their living and working
Creating Ownership of plan by
-- avoiding multiplicity of agencies and
-- designating a single agency for co-ordination / implementation plan
Using latest, state of art and innovative technologies for
-- preparing/ approval/implementation / interpretation of Master Plan
-- besides using public consultation/ receiving suggestions / views
-- communicating status of planning

84. Way ForwardUsing a Group approach
-- comprising of architects/planners/ engineers/urban designer/ transport
planner/ landscape expert/ sociologist/ geographer/ environmentalist/
conservationist
-- to prepare MP/ evaluate all projects presented for approval
 Planning city on a set of well defined parameters of
-- open spaces/ services/ mobility/sanitation/services/energy etc
-- to ensure amenities/ services on a defined scale .
 Addressing issues like poverty, employment and economy
-- by redefining approach
--from merely land use planning to
-- planning for economic development/ environment /employment generation
Making city Smart by preparing Master plan with focus on
-- people, energy, environment, employment, sustainability, services, mobility
and shelter
-- to create zero car, zero energy, zero slum, zero waste/ zero carbon city.

85. Way ForwardPreserving heritage,
--both natural and manmade,
-- to showcase / preserve past glory /cultural values for posterity
Adopting a participatory approach
-- by creating forum/institutional framework for involving
-- people, communities, NGO’s, CBO’s, industry, trade & commerce, academic
institutions etc
-- to create local ownership
Making Master Plan promoter of development
--. rather than controller of developing
-- by providing space for inclusion of all
-- people centric development activities which promote public and city interest
Promoting use of land 24x7
-- to minimise diversion of land under agriculture to non-agricultural uses,
--making cities more compact/ ensuring optimisation of infrastructure
-- making urban development highly cost-efficient.

86. Way Forward
 Generating resources for
-- plan preparation, implementation, revision and reframing
-- creating/maintaining city/local level infrastructures, amenities / services
Redefining the legal framework
-- for preparing the Master Plan in a time bound manner
-- making it simple cost/ time efficient / more participatory.
Ensuring effective implementation of Master Plan
-- by creating/designating a dedicated agency,
-- duly equipped with manpower and financial resources
-- having adequate legal backing to punish violators
Preserving all Water bodies
- using all low lying areas for creating green spaces/ water
bodies
- to make city self-sufficient in its water needs

87. •
Three Mantra to make Cities
Great/Smart/Sustainable
 1. Achieve smart growth-- cities need economic growth for
people –
to earn good livelihood and
-- enjoy a good quality of life.
-- Smart growth is about finding best way to do that sustainably
2. Do more with less– cities need enough money to accomplish
all it wants /needs to do.
- cities must collect, manage, and spend their resources
effectively and efficiently
3. Win support for change-- City leaders need to deliver fast,
positive, and visible results,
-- to build support for more change.
-- Based on high-performing civil servants made accountable for
their work—Singapore model

90. COBS
WORKINGLIVING
CIRCULATION
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing the
works of man of machine-age society.
• placed under the masterful
government of natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is the service of
mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)

92. THANKS FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION &
TIME
TO MAKE
MASTER PLAN
A BETTER
MASTER PLAN