The document discusses non-destructive testing and evaluation methods for materials, focusing on an overview of liquid penetrant testing which involves cleaning a material's surface, applying a penetrant that seeps into surface flaws, removing excess penetrant, applying a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws making them visible, and inspecting for indications of cracks or defects without damaging the material. It also provides comparisons of destructive and non-destructive testing methods and their advantages and limitations.

1. OML751 TESTING OF MATERIALS
ME8097 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
AND EVALUATION
M.KARTHIKEYAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AAA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SIVAKASI
karthikeyan@aaacet.ac.in

2. UNIT I OVERVIEW OF NDT
1. NDT Versus Mechanical testing & Overview of Liquid penetrant
test
2. Overview of Magnetic particle test
3. Overview of Thermography test
4. Overview of Eddy current test
5. Overview of Ultrasonic test
6. Overview of Acoustic emission test
7. Overview of Radiographic test
8. Various physical characteristics of materials and their
applications in NDT.,
9. Visual inspection – Unaided and aided.

3. DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING

4. DESTRUCTIVE TEST NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST
1 Used for finding out the
properties of the material
Used for finding out defects of
materials
2 Load is applied on the material Load is not applied on the
material
3 Due to load application, material
gets damaged
No load applications, so no
chance for material damage
4 Tested material cannot be
reused.
Tested material can be reused.
5 Tests are mostly quantitative
measurements.
Tests are mostly qualitative
and rarely quantitative
measurements.
6 All measurements are direct Most of the measurements are

5. DESTRUCTIVE TEST NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST
7 In – service inspection is not
possible
In – service inspection is
possible
8 Specimen preparation is
necessary.
Little or no specimen
preparation is required.
9 Can measure only one
property at a time.
Can measure many
parameters.
10 Time conception for inspection
is more.
Rapid inspection is possible
11 Skilled man power is not
required to interpret the
results
Skilled man power is required
to interpret the results

6. OVERVIEW OF LIQUID PENETRANT TEST

7. LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING
INTRODUCTION:
 Used to detect the surface discontinuities in non porous
solids.
 Can be used for both ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
 Used to detect casting, forging and welding surface defects
such as hairline cracks, surface porosity, leaks in new
products and fatigue cracks.

8. INSPECTION PROCEDURE:
 Pre-cleaning
 Application of penetrant
 Excess penetrant removal
 Application of developer
 Inspection
 Post cleaning

11. PRINCIPLE:
 Capillary Action

12. ADVANTAGES
 High sensitivity
 Small discontinuities can be detected
 Metallic, non-metallic, magnetic, non-magnetic, conductive
and non-conductive materials may be inspected.
 Rapid Inspection of large areas
 Suitable for complex shapes
 Indications are produced directly on the surface
 Indications can reveal relative size, shape, and depth of the
flaw
 Portable
 Low cost
 It is easy and requires minimal amount of training

13. DISADVANTAGES
 Only surface and near surface defects can be detected
 Only non-porous surface can be inspected
 Pre-cleaning is critical
 Post cleaning is required
 Chemical handling and proper disposal is required.
 Surface finish and roughness can affect inspection sensitivity.
 Fumes can be hazardous and flammable without proper
ventilation

14. PART - A
1. Distinguish between destructive testing and non destructive
testing(UN, CO1)
PART - B
1. Explain the sequence of operations of liquid penetrant testing
2. Compare the destructive testing methods and non-destructive
testing methods with respect to its advantages and limitations
QUESTIONS