NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUES ARE USEFUL FOR FINDING DEFECTS LIKE CRACKS,POROSITY,FLAWS,BLOWHOLES IN MATERIALS WITHOUT DESTRUCTING COMPONENT. IT IS ALSO USEFUL FOR TAKING DECISIONS RELATED TO QUALITY OF MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. Non destructive testing includes study and testing of components by various methods such as dye penetration test, eddy current test, magnetic particle test, ndt, radiography test, ultrasonic test.
Introduction to NDT and Visual Inspection Hareesh K
This presentation will gives you basic idea about Non destructive testing and brief detail about Visual Inspection Technique.This topic is included in UG level Mechanical Engineering Syllabus by all top Indian Universities
Introduction to NDT and Visual Inspection Hareesh K
This presentation will gives you basic idea about Non destructive testing and brief detail about Visual Inspection Technique.This topic is included in UG level Mechanical Engineering Syllabus by all top Indian Universities
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
Acoustic Emission (AE) refers to the generation of transient elastic waves produced by a sudden redistribution of stress in a material. When a structure is subjected to an external stimulus (change in pressure, load, or temperature), localized sources trigger the release of energy, in the form of stress waves, which propagate to the surface and are recorded by sensors. With the right equipment and setup, motions on the order of picometers (10 -12 m) can be identified. Sources of AE vary from natural events like earthquakes and rockbursts to the initiation and growth of cracks, slip and dislocation movements, melting, twinning, and phase transformations in metals. In composites, matrix cracking and fiber breakage and debonding contribute to acoustic emissions. AE’s have also been measured and recorded in polymers, wood, and concrete, among other materials.
This presentation gives the information about 'vibration measuring instruments' covering syllabus of Unit-5 of Theory of vibrations or mechanical vibrations for BE course under VTU, Belgaum. This presentation is prepared by Hareesha N G, Asst. Prof, Dept of Aerospace, DSCE, B'Lore-78.
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
Acoustic Emission (AE) refers to the generation of transient elastic waves produced by a sudden redistribution of stress in a material. When a structure is subjected to an external stimulus (change in pressure, load, or temperature), localized sources trigger the release of energy, in the form of stress waves, which propagate to the surface and are recorded by sensors. With the right equipment and setup, motions on the order of picometers (10 -12 m) can be identified. Sources of AE vary from natural events like earthquakes and rockbursts to the initiation and growth of cracks, slip and dislocation movements, melting, twinning, and phase transformations in metals. In composites, matrix cracking and fiber breakage and debonding contribute to acoustic emissions. AE’s have also been measured and recorded in polymers, wood, and concrete, among other materials.
This presentation gives the information about 'vibration measuring instruments' covering syllabus of Unit-5 of Theory of vibrations or mechanical vibrations for BE course under VTU, Belgaum. This presentation is prepared by Hareesha N G, Asst. Prof, Dept of Aerospace, DSCE, B'Lore-78.
This presentation gives information about Brass alloy.
Brasses are alloys of Copper and Zinc with small amount of other alloying elements. Presentation includes types of brasses,composition,properties and their applications.
The presentation gives a brief idea about polymers,its definition,types of polymers,common examples of polymers,polymerization and its types,polymer processing and applications of polymers.
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
Presentation gives brief overview of Linear and angular measurements related to engineering, different types of instruments used for Linear and angular measurements such as vernier calipers ,micrometers,their types,non precision measuring instruments etc.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. What is NDT?
• Nondestructive testing or non-destructive
testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis
techniques used in science and technology
industry to evaluate the properties of a
material, component or system without
causing damage.
• The terms nondestructive examination
(NDE), nondestructive inspection (NDI), and
nondestructive evaluation (NDE) are also
commonly used to describe this technology.
3. • Because NDT does not permanently alter the
article being inspected, it is a highly valuable
technique that can save both money and time
in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and
research. The six most frequently used NDT
methods are eddy-current, magnetic-particle,
dye/liquid penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic,
and visual testing
4. NDT does not directly measure mechanical
properties but they are used to locate defects or
flaws in the component.
Flaws reduce useful life of component resulting
in premature failure even with a sound design
and proper selection of materials.
To obtain high level of reliability , defect should
be absent or at minimum level.
NDT is carried out periodically.
Replacement of component before its
premature failure to avoid dangerous results.
5. Applications of NDT
• NDT is commonly used in forensic
engineering, mechanical engineering,
petroleum engineering, electrical engineering,
civil engineering, systems engineering,
aeronautical engineering, medicine, and art.
• Innovations in the field of nondestructive
testing have had a profound impact on
medical imaging, including on
echocardiography, medical ultrasonography,
and digital radiography.
6. DIFFERENT NDT METHODS
1. DYE PENETRATION TEST
2. SONIC TEST
3. ULTRASONIC TEST
4. MAGNETIC PARTICLE TEST
5. RADIOGRAPHY TEST
6. EDDY CURRENT TEST
7. 1.Dye Penetrant Inspection
Invisible cracks, porosity and other defects on
the surface of components easily detected by
this technique.
Components may be ferrous, nonferrous, plastic,
glass or ceramic.
Procedure:-
1. Cleaning of surface.(Grease, oil, any other
material).
2. Drying of surface.
8. 3. Applying dye-penetrant on clean and dry surface.
It is allowed to penetrate in surface flaws.
i) Liquid Soluble Penetrant
ii) Fluroscent
4. Removing excess penetrant by soft or clean
cotton.
5. Applying developer on surface. This pulls out dye
from flaws and flaws are revealed by colour of
dye. Instead of developer, fine developing
powder or talc powder can be sprinkled on the
surface.
9.
10.
11. Advantages of Dye Penetrant
Inspection
• This test can be applied to almost any type of
metals, nonmetals, magnetic or non magnetic
type.
• Simple to utilize and control.
• Results of test can be interpreted fastly.
• Cost of test is very less as it does not require
any instrument or electronic display units.
• Sensitivity is greater than that of magnetic
particle testing.
12. Disadvantages of Dye Penetrant
Inspection
• Cleaning of components is must before and
after testing to avoid rusting
• Misleading results may be obtained in case of
components with surface films and coatings
• Only surface defects can be detected
• Test is not applicable for powder metallurgical
components
13. 2.Sonic Inspection
Sound is created in the component and from
quality of sound ,presence of defect is judged.
e.g. C.I. piece gives a dull sound as compared
to steel piece if dropped from certain height
on the floor.
e.g. Cups, saucer, earthen pots ,coconuts.
14. Principle-
1. Measure of time required by ultrasonic vibrations
to penetrate material of interest , reflect from
opposite side or from internal discontinuity and
return to point from where first introduced.
2. Behaviour of waves through cycle with regard to
time is recorded on CRO screen.
3. By observing this presence of defect and their
location can be detected.
Two types of Ultrasonic testing method-
i)Pulse –echo method
ii) Transmission Method
3.Ultrasonic Test/inspection
18. Advantages of Ultrasonic Test
• Better detection of flaws situated deep in
metal due to superior penetrating power of
ultrasonic waves
• High sensitivity, better accuracy and reliability
• The equipment is portable and easy to handle
• Output of test can be processed by computer
which lead to improved result reliability
19. Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Test
• Due to manual operation, careful attention
and highly skilled operators are required
• Irregular shaped and rough parts are very
difficult to examine
• Subsurface discontinuities are more difficult to
detect
• Couplants are needed for testing
20. 4.Magnetic Particle (Magnaflux)
Inspection
• It is used to detect various kinds of flaws in
ferromagnetic components such as weldings,
castings, forgings of iron and steel.
• Component to be inspected for flaws is
magnetized.
• In dry method of inspection special fine
ferromagnetic powder is applied on surface .
21. • This test is a very fast method of inspection
and often used to test aerospace components
and automobile parts.
• This test is generally used to detect internal
cracks like shrinkage cavities, hot tears, zones
of corrosion and non-metallic inclusions
22. Magnaflux Test Procedure:-
1. Cleaning Surface
2. Magnetization
3. Application of ferromagnetic Powder
4. Observation and Inspection
5. Demagnetization
26. Advantages of Magnaflux Test
• Sub-surface cracks can be easily detected
• Almost any shaped and sized component can
be tested for defects
• Instruments are portable and easy to handle
• Highly sensitive method to detect small and
shallow surface cracks
27. Disadvantages of Magnaflux Test
• Method is applicable only to ferromagnetic
materials
• Surface plating or thin paint coating affect the
sensitivity of the test
• After testing, demagnetization is a must
• Local heating and sparking is possible during
test hence proper care must be taken
28. 5. Radiography Test
• NDT method that utilizes x-rays or gamma
radiation to detect discontinuities in materials,
and to present their images on recording
medium.
• This includes X-rays, gamma rays and radio-
isotopes. This method is used to check internal
cracks, defects in materials which are made by
casting, welding, forging.
• Nowadays, radiography techniques are finding
more extensive applications in the field of
physical metallurgy and in the treatment of
various diseases.
29. • Rays are absorbed by the materials through
which they are passed in the proportion of
their density. The rays, after passing through
the components, show a picture on a
fluorescent screen or on a photographic plate.
• The cracks, blow holes and cavities appear
lighter, whereas inclusions of impurities
appear darker than the metal component.
• Developed photographic film show lighter and
darker areas to represent the radiograph of
defects in the component.
30.
31.
32.
33. Advantages of Radiography Test
• X-ray radiography is highly sensitive, fast
method of finding defects
• X-ray radiography is suitable for various
applications due to its adjustable energy levels
• Gamma ray radiography has high penetrating
power hence can be used for more denser and
thicker materials
• A number of samples can be inspected at a
time by gamma ray radiography
34. Disadvantages of Radiography Test
• X-ray radiography can be applied for thinner
components due to its less penetrating power
• X-ray radiography allows only one component to
be tested at a time
• X-ray radiography involves high initial cost
• X-ray and gamma ray radiography involve
radiations which are hazardous to living beings
• Trained operators are required
35. 6.Eddy Current Testing
Basic Principle:- When coil carrying alternating
current is brought near metallic specimen, eddy
currents are developed in specimen due to
electromagnetic induction.
Magnitude of induced EMI depend on –
i)Magnitude and frequency of alternating current
flowing in coil.
ii) Electrical conductivity of specimen.
iii) Magnetic permeability of specimen.
36. iv)Shape of specimen.
v)Relative positions of coil and specimen.
vi)Microstructure and hardness of Specimen.
vii)Amount and type of defects in the specimen.
37.
38.
39.
40. Advantages ECT
• Test is quick and less time consuming
• Test can be automated easily
• Permanent record of test results can be easily
available
• Test is versatile and can be used for various
applications
41. Disadvantages of ECT
• The instrument standardization and
calibration is necessary from time to time
• Instruments and display units are costly
• Test can be applied to components of limited
size and shape