This document discusses various types of weld inspection and testing methods, including:
- Destructive tests like bend tests, tensile tests, and notch-toughness tests that involve breaking samples to evaluate weld strength and integrity.
- Nondestructive tests like visual inspections, hardness tests, pressure tests, and corrosion tests that examine weld properties without damaging the sample.
- Specific tests are used to qualify welders and procedures or inspect production parts by examining factors like weld strength, microstructure, and corrosion resistance. The results of tests are compared to specifications.
This document discusses various methods for testing materials, including destructive and non-destructive testing. It provides details on hardness testing methods like Rockwell and Brinell, as well as impact testing methods like Izod and Charpy. Specifically, it compares the Izod and Charpy impact testing methods, noting that Izod places the test material vertically and has a single notch type, while Charpy places the material horizontally and uses either a V-notch or U-notch. The document also briefly outlines tensile testing.
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
This document discusses tensile testing and universal testing machines. It defines tensile testing as applying opposing tensile forces to a test specimen to measure the specimen's properties. A universal testing machine typically uses a hydraulic cylinder to apply the force. The document lists several material properties that can be determined from tensile tests, including strength, ductility, elasticity, and stiffness. It provides diagrams illustrating how properties like tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and breaking stress are calculated from the stress-strain graph generated during tensile testing. Finally, it gives some examples of industries that use tensile testing, like aerospace and textiles, and notes benefits like determining batch quality and aiding design.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing are used to locate defects in metal components without damaging them. The document discusses the basic principles, procedures, advantages, limitations of these various NDT methods. It also compares ultrasonic testing and radiography testing, noting their relative capabilities in flaw detection and operational safety requirements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of NDT for industrial inspection and maintenance.
Destructive & Non Destructive Testing Of MaterialsShrinivas Kale
Destructive and non-destructive testing are two types of material testing. Destructive testing involves testing specimens until failure to understand material performance under loads, while non-destructive testing evaluates material properties without damage using techniques like ultrasound, dye penetrant, and eddy current. Common destructive tests include tensile testing and impact testing, while common non-destructive tests include ultrasound, dye penetrant, eddy current, and visual inspection. Destructive testing yields more information but is more costly, while non-destructive testing allows evaluation without compromising the sample.
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUES ARE USEFUL FOR FINDING DEFECTS LIKE CRACKS,POROSITY,FLAWS,BLOWHOLES IN MATERIALS WITHOUT DESTRUCTING COMPONENT. IT IS ALSO USEFUL FOR TAKING DECISIONS RELATED TO QUALITY OF MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. Non destructive testing includes study and testing of components by various methods such as dye penetration test, eddy current test, magnetic particle test, ndt, radiography test, ultrasonic test.
An impact test determines a material's behavior under shock loading by using a pendulum or dropped weight to break a test specimen. It measures the material's toughness and ability to absorb energy without fracturing. Common impact tests include the Izod and Charpy tests which use a swinging pendulum, and drop weight tests. Factors like temperature, composition, and microstructure affect impact properties. Instrumented impact testing provides more detailed data on load over time during fracture compared to basic pass/fail tests. Impact testing is important for evaluating materials used in applications like transportation and power generation where impact resistance affects safety.
This document discusses various types of weld inspection and testing methods, including:
- Destructive tests like bend tests, tensile tests, and notch-toughness tests that involve breaking samples to evaluate weld strength and integrity.
- Nondestructive tests like visual inspections, hardness tests, pressure tests, and corrosion tests that examine weld properties without damaging the sample.
- Specific tests are used to qualify welders and procedures or inspect production parts by examining factors like weld strength, microstructure, and corrosion resistance. The results of tests are compared to specifications.
This document discusses various methods for testing materials, including destructive and non-destructive testing. It provides details on hardness testing methods like Rockwell and Brinell, as well as impact testing methods like Izod and Charpy. Specifically, it compares the Izod and Charpy impact testing methods, noting that Izod places the test material vertically and has a single notch type, while Charpy places the material horizontally and uses either a V-notch or U-notch. The document also briefly outlines tensile testing.
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
This document discusses tensile testing and universal testing machines. It defines tensile testing as applying opposing tensile forces to a test specimen to measure the specimen's properties. A universal testing machine typically uses a hydraulic cylinder to apply the force. The document lists several material properties that can be determined from tensile tests, including strength, ductility, elasticity, and stiffness. It provides diagrams illustrating how properties like tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and breaking stress are calculated from the stress-strain graph generated during tensile testing. Finally, it gives some examples of industries that use tensile testing, like aerospace and textiles, and notes benefits like determining batch quality and aiding design.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing are used to locate defects in metal components without damaging them. The document discusses the basic principles, procedures, advantages, limitations of these various NDT methods. It also compares ultrasonic testing and radiography testing, noting their relative capabilities in flaw detection and operational safety requirements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of NDT for industrial inspection and maintenance.
Destructive & Non Destructive Testing Of MaterialsShrinivas Kale
Destructive and non-destructive testing are two types of material testing. Destructive testing involves testing specimens until failure to understand material performance under loads, while non-destructive testing evaluates material properties without damage using techniques like ultrasound, dye penetrant, and eddy current. Common destructive tests include tensile testing and impact testing, while common non-destructive tests include ultrasound, dye penetrant, eddy current, and visual inspection. Destructive testing yields more information but is more costly, while non-destructive testing allows evaluation without compromising the sample.
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUES ARE USEFUL FOR FINDING DEFECTS LIKE CRACKS,POROSITY,FLAWS,BLOWHOLES IN MATERIALS WITHOUT DESTRUCTING COMPONENT. IT IS ALSO USEFUL FOR TAKING DECISIONS RELATED TO QUALITY OF MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. Non destructive testing includes study and testing of components by various methods such as dye penetration test, eddy current test, magnetic particle test, ndt, radiography test, ultrasonic test.
An impact test determines a material's behavior under shock loading by using a pendulum or dropped weight to break a test specimen. It measures the material's toughness and ability to absorb energy without fracturing. Common impact tests include the Izod and Charpy tests which use a swinging pendulum, and drop weight tests. Factors like temperature, composition, and microstructure affect impact properties. Instrumented impact testing provides more detailed data on load over time during fracture compared to basic pass/fail tests. Impact testing is important for evaluating materials used in applications like transportation and power generation where impact resistance affects safety.
Unit-II Mechanical Testing
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Various Mechanical Tests [Hardness, Tensile, Impact, Bend, Shear, Creep & Fatigue]
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
- Impact tests are used to determine a material's impact energy, toughness, and tendency to fracture in a brittle manner. They are important for selecting materials that may experience sudden loading like collisions.
- Common impact tests include the Charpy and Izod tests, which involve striking a notched sample with a falling pendulum. The Charpy test uses a simply supported beam setup while the Izod uses a cantilever.
- Factors like yield strength, ductility, temperature, and strain rate can influence a material's impact performance and whether it fractures in a brittle or ductile manner. Many materials exhibit a ductile to brittle transition around a specific temperature.
The document discusses hardness testing methods. It describes how hardness is defined differently depending on one's field, such as resistance to indentation for metallurgists. The main hardness tests described are static indentation tests using indenters like balls or pyramids, dynamic bounce tests, and scratch tests. It focuses on explaining the Brinell hardness test in detail, including how the test is performed, what the results indicate, and what types of materials it can be used to test.
Subject Name: Testing of Materials (TOM)
Subject code: OML751
Unit I: Introduction to Materials Testing
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final year, VII Semester.
Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna university syllabus; R-2017]
Introduction to NDT and Visual Inspection Hareesh K
The document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) with a focus on visual inspection techniques. It discusses that NDT involves analyzing materials and components without damaging them to check for flaws or issues. Visual inspection is one of the most common NDT methods and can identify surface issues using the human eye or tools like borescopes, microscopes, and cameras. The document outlines different visual inspection tools and techniques for aiding inspection and enhancing perception.
This document summarizes various common material testing methods. It discusses tensile, compression, shear, hardness (Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell), impact (Izod, Charpy), fatigue, and creep tests. Destructive tests like tensile and compression change the specimen, while hardness tests are non-destructive. Important properties determined include yield strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. Hardness is a material's resistance to indentation or scratching. Impact and fatigue tests evaluate a material's ability to withstand sudden loads or repeated loading over time. Creep tests measure increased deformation over time under constant stress and temperature.
This document summarizes destructive and non-destructive testing. Destructive testing involves breaking down materials to determine properties like strength, while non-destructive testing inspects materials without destroying them. Some common destructive tests are tension, compression, and impact tests. Common non-destructive tests include ultrasonic testing to detect subsurface flaws. The document explains the types and purposes of both destructive and non-destructive testing, and provides an example to illustrate the difference between the two.
Fatigue testing involves subjecting materials to repetitive loads or stresses to determine their fatigue life. There are two main types of fatigue testing: constant amplitude testing, where the stress level remains constant for each cycle, and variable amplitude testing, where the stress level varies each cycle. Fatigue testing can be done on standardized test specimens or actual components. Common machines used include rotating beam machines, where a stationary load bends a rotating specimen, creating repeated stresses. The results of fatigue testing are often displayed using an S-N curve to show the relationship between stress levels and the number of cycles before failure.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows inspection of materials and components without damaging them. Common NDT methods include visual testing, magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant testing, radiography, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing. These methods are used to detect surface or internal flaws in materials and evaluate characteristics without impairing future usefulness or serviceability. NDT plays an important role in quality control and safety across industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy.
This document summarizes a lecture on compression testing. It discusses how compression tests are used to determine material properties like compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The test involves placing a sample in a universal testing machine and applying a compressive load until failure. Common applications include the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. While easier than tension tests, compression tests can be impacted by friction, eccentric loading, and buckling of the sample. The document outlines best practices for sample geometry and preparation to minimize these issues and get accurate results.
Fatigue and creep are fundamental mechanical properties of materials. Fatigue is the failure of a material caused by repeated application of cyclic stresses, even if the stresses are below the yield strength of the material. It can lead to loss of strength, ductility, and uncertainty in service life. Creep is the slow deformation of materials under a constant load at high temperatures. Creep deformation occurs in three stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Factors like temperature, grain size, heat treatment, and alloying elements affect the fatigue and creep properties of materials. Mechanisms like dislocation climb, vacancy diffusion, and grain boundary sliding contribute to creep deformation at high temperatures.
Tensile testing subjects a material sample to controlled tension until failure to determine properties like ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The test uses a universal testing machine to apply tension to a standardized tensile specimen, measuring properties like modulus of elasticity, yield stress, and fracture stress. The test procedure involves securing the specimen in the machine and applying tension until failure while recording the stress-strain curve.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It begins by defining NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. It then lists common NDT types like visual inspection, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principles and applications. The document focuses on liquid penetrant testing, describing the procedure and noting it is useful for inspecting parts like aircraft wheels and automotive pistons. It also discusses advantages of NDT like avoiding failures and ensuring safety. In conclusion, it states that NDT can save costs for facilities that implement its methods properly.
Materials are tested to ensure quality, evaluate properties, prevent failure, and allow for informed material choices. There are two main types of material testing: mechanical tests which physically destroy samples to determine properties like strength; and non-destructive tests which inspect samples before use. Common tests include hardness testing using indenters, tensile testing to measure properties under load, and various non-destructive techniques like penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing to identify surface or internal flaws without damaging the sample.
This document outlines the process for creep testing. It discusses the mechanism of creep, specimen preparation, testing machines, procedures, results including creep curves, and the effect of temperature. It also covers rupture strength measurement using the Larson-Miller parameter and precautions for the testing process. Applications of creep testing in industry include displacement-limited components like turbine rotors, rupture-limited parts like steam pipes, and stress-relaxation-limited uses such as suspended cables.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. The objectives of NDT are outlined, including avoiding failures and accidents. Common NDT methods are described at a high level, such as liquid penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and eddy current testing. Specific NDT techniques are then summarized, including advantages and limitations. The document emphasizes that NDT can save costs by detecting flaws without damaging components. Proper training is needed to effectively apply these techniques.
NDT-Nondestructive testing is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other words, when the inspection or test is completed the part can still be used.
The document discusses a presentation on a universal testing machine. It describes how the machine is used to apply tensile, compressive, and shear forces to test materials and measure their properties. It explains that the machine uses load cells, crossheads, and columns to grip specimens and apply and measure forces. The document outlines the working principle of the machine and procedures for tensile and compression tests.
Radiographic testing (RT) uses radiation like X-rays or gamma rays to detect internal flaws in materials. The material is placed between a radiation source and film; denser areas block more radiation and appear darker on the developed film, revealing flaws. RT offers advantages like inspecting hidden areas with minimal part preparation and providing a permanent record, but it presents health risks from radiation exposure and requires skilled interpretation.
This document discusses various materials testing methods. It describes mechanical properties testing which involves destructive testing of specimens to determine properties like strength, ductility, and toughness. Common destructive tests mentioned are hardness tests and impact tests like the Charpy and Izod tests. Non-destructive testing methods discussed include dye penetration, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. Specific hardness tests covered are Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Shore hardness tests.
This document discusses various materials testing methods. It describes mechanical properties testing which involves destructive testing of specimens to determine properties like strength, ductility, and toughness. Common destructive tests mentioned are hardness tests and impact tests like the Charpy and Izod tests. Non-destructive testing methods discussed include dye penetration, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. Specific hardness tests covered are Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Shore hardness tests.
This internship report summarizes various hardness testing techniques including indentation hardness, scratch hardness, Vicker hardness testing, Rockwell hardness testing, portable hardness testing, Brinell hardness testing, and Shore hardness testing. It also summarizes other material testing techniques such as dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, eddy current testing, optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, densitometry, and metallography. Key steps and principles of each technique are outlined along with typical applications and limitations.
Unit-II Mechanical Testing
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Various Mechanical Tests [Hardness, Tensile, Impact, Bend, Shear, Creep & Fatigue]
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
- Impact tests are used to determine a material's impact energy, toughness, and tendency to fracture in a brittle manner. They are important for selecting materials that may experience sudden loading like collisions.
- Common impact tests include the Charpy and Izod tests, which involve striking a notched sample with a falling pendulum. The Charpy test uses a simply supported beam setup while the Izod uses a cantilever.
- Factors like yield strength, ductility, temperature, and strain rate can influence a material's impact performance and whether it fractures in a brittle or ductile manner. Many materials exhibit a ductile to brittle transition around a specific temperature.
The document discusses hardness testing methods. It describes how hardness is defined differently depending on one's field, such as resistance to indentation for metallurgists. The main hardness tests described are static indentation tests using indenters like balls or pyramids, dynamic bounce tests, and scratch tests. It focuses on explaining the Brinell hardness test in detail, including how the test is performed, what the results indicate, and what types of materials it can be used to test.
Subject Name: Testing of Materials (TOM)
Subject code: OML751
Unit I: Introduction to Materials Testing
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final year, VII Semester.
Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna university syllabus; R-2017]
Introduction to NDT and Visual Inspection Hareesh K
The document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) with a focus on visual inspection techniques. It discusses that NDT involves analyzing materials and components without damaging them to check for flaws or issues. Visual inspection is one of the most common NDT methods and can identify surface issues using the human eye or tools like borescopes, microscopes, and cameras. The document outlines different visual inspection tools and techniques for aiding inspection and enhancing perception.
This document summarizes various common material testing methods. It discusses tensile, compression, shear, hardness (Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell), impact (Izod, Charpy), fatigue, and creep tests. Destructive tests like tensile and compression change the specimen, while hardness tests are non-destructive. Important properties determined include yield strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. Hardness is a material's resistance to indentation or scratching. Impact and fatigue tests evaluate a material's ability to withstand sudden loads or repeated loading over time. Creep tests measure increased deformation over time under constant stress and temperature.
This document summarizes destructive and non-destructive testing. Destructive testing involves breaking down materials to determine properties like strength, while non-destructive testing inspects materials without destroying them. Some common destructive tests are tension, compression, and impact tests. Common non-destructive tests include ultrasonic testing to detect subsurface flaws. The document explains the types and purposes of both destructive and non-destructive testing, and provides an example to illustrate the difference between the two.
Fatigue testing involves subjecting materials to repetitive loads or stresses to determine their fatigue life. There are two main types of fatigue testing: constant amplitude testing, where the stress level remains constant for each cycle, and variable amplitude testing, where the stress level varies each cycle. Fatigue testing can be done on standardized test specimens or actual components. Common machines used include rotating beam machines, where a stationary load bends a rotating specimen, creating repeated stresses. The results of fatigue testing are often displayed using an S-N curve to show the relationship between stress levels and the number of cycles before failure.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows inspection of materials and components without damaging them. Common NDT methods include visual testing, magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant testing, radiography, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing. These methods are used to detect surface or internal flaws in materials and evaluate characteristics without impairing future usefulness or serviceability. NDT plays an important role in quality control and safety across industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy.
This document summarizes a lecture on compression testing. It discusses how compression tests are used to determine material properties like compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The test involves placing a sample in a universal testing machine and applying a compressive load until failure. Common applications include the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. While easier than tension tests, compression tests can be impacted by friction, eccentric loading, and buckling of the sample. The document outlines best practices for sample geometry and preparation to minimize these issues and get accurate results.
Fatigue and creep are fundamental mechanical properties of materials. Fatigue is the failure of a material caused by repeated application of cyclic stresses, even if the stresses are below the yield strength of the material. It can lead to loss of strength, ductility, and uncertainty in service life. Creep is the slow deformation of materials under a constant load at high temperatures. Creep deformation occurs in three stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Factors like temperature, grain size, heat treatment, and alloying elements affect the fatigue and creep properties of materials. Mechanisms like dislocation climb, vacancy diffusion, and grain boundary sliding contribute to creep deformation at high temperatures.
Tensile testing subjects a material sample to controlled tension until failure to determine properties like ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The test uses a universal testing machine to apply tension to a standardized tensile specimen, measuring properties like modulus of elasticity, yield stress, and fracture stress. The test procedure involves securing the specimen in the machine and applying tension until failure while recording the stress-strain curve.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It begins by defining NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. It then lists common NDT types like visual inspection, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principles and applications. The document focuses on liquid penetrant testing, describing the procedure and noting it is useful for inspecting parts like aircraft wheels and automotive pistons. It also discusses advantages of NDT like avoiding failures and ensuring safety. In conclusion, it states that NDT can save costs for facilities that implement its methods properly.
Materials are tested to ensure quality, evaluate properties, prevent failure, and allow for informed material choices. There are two main types of material testing: mechanical tests which physically destroy samples to determine properties like strength; and non-destructive tests which inspect samples before use. Common tests include hardness testing using indenters, tensile testing to measure properties under load, and various non-destructive techniques like penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing to identify surface or internal flaws without damaging the sample.
This document outlines the process for creep testing. It discusses the mechanism of creep, specimen preparation, testing machines, procedures, results including creep curves, and the effect of temperature. It also covers rupture strength measurement using the Larson-Miller parameter and precautions for the testing process. Applications of creep testing in industry include displacement-limited components like turbine rotors, rupture-limited parts like steam pipes, and stress-relaxation-limited uses such as suspended cables.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. The objectives of NDT are outlined, including avoiding failures and accidents. Common NDT methods are described at a high level, such as liquid penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and eddy current testing. Specific NDT techniques are then summarized, including advantages and limitations. The document emphasizes that NDT can save costs by detecting flaws without damaging components. Proper training is needed to effectively apply these techniques.
NDT-Nondestructive testing is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other words, when the inspection or test is completed the part can still be used.
The document discusses a presentation on a universal testing machine. It describes how the machine is used to apply tensile, compressive, and shear forces to test materials and measure their properties. It explains that the machine uses load cells, crossheads, and columns to grip specimens and apply and measure forces. The document outlines the working principle of the machine and procedures for tensile and compression tests.
Radiographic testing (RT) uses radiation like X-rays or gamma rays to detect internal flaws in materials. The material is placed between a radiation source and film; denser areas block more radiation and appear darker on the developed film, revealing flaws. RT offers advantages like inspecting hidden areas with minimal part preparation and providing a permanent record, but it presents health risks from radiation exposure and requires skilled interpretation.
This document discusses various materials testing methods. It describes mechanical properties testing which involves destructive testing of specimens to determine properties like strength, ductility, and toughness. Common destructive tests mentioned are hardness tests and impact tests like the Charpy and Izod tests. Non-destructive testing methods discussed include dye penetration, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. Specific hardness tests covered are Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Shore hardness tests.
This document discusses various materials testing methods. It describes mechanical properties testing which involves destructive testing of specimens to determine properties like strength, ductility, and toughness. Common destructive tests mentioned are hardness tests and impact tests like the Charpy and Izod tests. Non-destructive testing methods discussed include dye penetration, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. Specific hardness tests covered are Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Shore hardness tests.
This internship report summarizes various hardness testing techniques including indentation hardness, scratch hardness, Vicker hardness testing, Rockwell hardness testing, portable hardness testing, Brinell hardness testing, and Shore hardness testing. It also summarizes other material testing techniques such as dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, eddy current testing, optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, densitometry, and metallography. Key steps and principles of each technique are outlined along with typical applications and limitations.
The document discusses various non-destructive testing techniques including ultrasonic testing, hardness testing, and heat treatment processes. It provides the specifications of an ultrasonic testing machine, including voltage, display size, frequency range, test range, and temperature range. It also describes various hardness testing methods like Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers and defines terms related to heat treatment processes like annealing, normalizing, hardening, austempering, and tempering.
Materials are tested to ensure quality, test properties, prevent failure, and inform material choices. There are two main types of tests: mechanical tests that physically destroy samples to measure properties, and non-destructive tests that inspect samples without damaging them. Hardness, tensile, impact, and creep tests provide mechanical property data, while magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, and radiography tests are common non-destructive techniques. Test results are used to evaluate factors like strength, ductility, and presence of internal flaws in materials.
This document provides information on different hardness testing methods including Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers microhardness, and compares them. Rockwell hardness uses indenters of various geometries and applies a minor preload followed by a major load to determine the hardness value. Brinell hardness uses a 10mm steel ball indenter and applies a load for 10-30 seconds to measure indentation diameter. Vickers microhardness uses a small diamond pyramid indenter under low loads of 1-1000gf to measure indentation diagonals. Each method has advantages like suitability for different materials, load ranges, accuracy, and disadvantages like sensitivity, suitability for size or hardness ranges.
Non destructing testing | nondestructive testingSigma Test
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) is a wide-ranging gathering of test and inspection processes used to distinguish surface and sub-surface deformities or irregularities in sample tests, without influencing the future working presentation of the assessed parts.
The document discusses various mechanical property tests used to characterize materials including tensile tests, hardness tests, and impact tests. It provides details on how these tests are conducted and the types of properties that can be determined from the test results, such as strength, stiffness, ductility, and toughness. Both destructive and non-destructive methods are covered. Specific tests discussed in detail include tensile testing, Brinell hardness testing, Rockwell hardness testing, Charpy/Izod impact testing, and wear testing.
Material Testing, Machines And Equipment Requirementsamrutaware2
This document discusses material testing methods for construction materials. It describes both destructive and non-destructive testing methods. Destructive methods like tensile, compression, and hardness tests are used to determine properties like strength and flexibility. Non-destructive methods like ultrasonic, magnetic particle, and dye penetrant tests can find internal and surface flaws without damaging the material. Proper material testing is important to ensure construction materials can withstand forces and provide long-lasting, safe structures.
The document discusses material testing methods used to evaluate the quality and properties of construction materials. It describes various destructive and non-destructive tests performed on materials like cement, steel, concrete and aggregates. Destructive tests mentioned include tensile tests, compression tests, hardness tests and impact tests. Non-destructive tests discussed are magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant, ultrasonic, radiography and polariscope tests. The document also outlines different types of testing machines used to conduct the tests like compression, universal, flexural and hardness testing machines.
Non destructive testing in civil engineeringMAADASWAMY U
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing existing structures. It describes several NDT techniques including visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and rebound hammer testing. Each method is able to detect different types of defects without damaging the material. NDT provides benefits like enabling further usage of the tested object and maintaining statistical data for future reference. Common applications of NDT include flaw detection, leak detection, and evaluating dimensions or internal structure.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) involves inspecting materials and components for defects without destroying them. NDT is used at various stages of production and component life to detect flaws, verify processing, inspect for damage, and more. Common NDT methods include visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, and eddy current testing. NDT is widely used to inspect aircraft, bridges, pipelines, pressure vessels, and other critical infrastructure and components to ensure safety and performance.
The Rockwell hardness test measures the hardness of materials using indenters under specific loads. It is a quick, inexpensive, and non-destructive test that can be used to test finished parts without damaging them. The test uses a diamond or steel ball indenter that makes an impression under an initial minor load and then a deeper impression under a major load. The hardness number is read from a dial and indicates the material's resistance to plastic deformation. The test is commonly used for quality control and finding tensile strength.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for evaluating concrete structures. It describes two specific NDT techniques: ultrasonic pulse velocity testing and rebound hammer testing. Ultrasonic pulse velocity testing measures the speed of ultrasonic pulses traveling through concrete to assess quality and detect flaws. The rebound hammer test uses the rebound of an elastic mass to indicate the hardness and estimated compressive strength of concrete surfaces. Both methods can help evaluate concrete without damaging it and provide information on defects, homogeneity, and strength.
Introduction to Nondestructive Testing.pptxJahanvi19
Nondestructive testing (NDT) allows inspection of materials and components without damaging them. It is used across many industries to ensure safety and integrity. Common NDT methods include visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, electromagnetic testing, radiographic testing, and acoustic emission testing. NDT is used at all stages from manufacturing to operation to detect flaws, measure properties, and inspect for damage.
The document discusses several nondestructive testing methods including magnetic particle testing, liquid penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, acoustic emission testing, and radiography. Magnetic particle testing uses magnetic fields to detect surface and near-surface flaws in ferromagnetic materials. Liquid penetrant testing uses dyes to reveal surface-breaking flaws through capillary action. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to detect flaws and measure material thickness.
Non destructive testing of railway bridgesHarsh Singh
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for assessing concrete structures. It describes several NDT methods for evaluating concrete strength, locating rebar, detecting cracks, and assessing corrosion. Methods for strength assessment include rebound hammers, windsor probes, ultrasonic tests, and permeability tests. Corrosion can be evaluated using corrosion analyzers and resistivity meters.Rebar location and details can be obtained using profometers. Cracks are detected using microscopes, eddy current meters, and infrared cameras. NDT allows inspection without damaging structures and can estimate properties, monitor changes, and find defects in concrete.
The document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as inspecting or testing materials without destroying them to find defects. NDT is used across many industries to inspect equipment and ensure safety. Common NDT methods described include visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, electromagnetic testing, radiographic testing, and acoustic emission testing. NDT can be used at all stages of production and equipment lifecycles to detect flaws and ensure quality and integrity.
Materials are tested for quality control, to prevent failure during use, and to make informed material choices. Common tests include tensile tests, compression tests, bend tests, hardness tests, and torsion tests. A tensile test involves applying tension to a specimen until failure to determine properties like strength, ductility, elasticity, and stiffness. A compression test is the opposite, applying compressive forces. Bend tests evaluate ductility by bending specimens in various configurations. Hardness tests measure the depth of indentation from applied loads. Torsion tests twist a specimen to determine its strength against twisting forces. Understanding material properties through testing helps ensure safe and reliable design and performance of products.
This document discusses various mechanical material testing methods. It provides details on hardness testing methods like Vickers, Brinell, and Rockwell tests. It describes how each test is performed, how the results are calculated to determine the hardness value, and the advantages and limitations of each test. The document also discusses other common mechanical tests like tensile, impact, bend, and fatigue tests and how they are used to determine specific mechanical properties of materials.
Similar to Ppt on destructive testing and non destructive testing. (20)
Indian Rail Steel- Pearlitic and Bainitic Rails and comparisionMukuldev Khunte
This study analyzes the effect of composition and microstructure on the properties of Indian rail steel. It summarizes the specifications and grades of Indian rail steel as well as the typical microstructures found, including pearlite and bainite. Head hardening is discussed as a process to refine pearlite, while bainitic rail steel is proposed as an alternative that offers higher hardness, strength and toughness than pearlitic rail steel. Track testing methods are presented for comparing wear performance of different rail compositions and microstructures. Thermite welding is also summarized as the primary joining technique used in rail production.
The document provides information about the steel melting shop (SMS) at Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL) Raigarh plant. The key points are:
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2. The melting process involves charging raw materials into the electric arc furnaces and applying electrical energy to melt them. Secondary refining then occurs in the ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing units.
3. Final products are continuously cast into blooms, billets, rounds and other sections using various casters like the
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This document defines energy resources as anything that can be used as a source of energy, such as oil and natural gases. It outlines that there are two types of energy resources: non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gases, and renewable resources like biomass, solar, and wind. Energy resources are further divided into conventional resources and alternative resources. The document also notes global consumption of energy sources is mostly non-renewable at 82% compared to 18% renewable.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
3. Introduction:-
Prolonged endurance testing under the most severe
operating conditions, continued until the component,
equipment, or product specimen fails (is broken or
destroyed). The purpose of destructive & Non
destructive testing is to determine service life and to
detect design weaknesses that may not show up under
normal working conditions.
4. Destructive Testing - DT
Destructive testing is changes the dimensions or
physical and structural integrity of the specimen. (It is
essentially destroyed during the test).
Ex:- Tensile, Compression, Shear and Rockwell
Hardness
5. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
6. Hardness Testing:-
Hardness, as a mechanical property, is the resistance
of a material to surface penetration .The indenter used
varies with the test selected, but is generally hardened
steel or diamond.
Common hardness tests include the
Rockwell and Brinell. Other test procedures used
include the scleroscope, Rebound Test, Vickers, and
Tukon-Knoop testing.
7. Brinell Hardness Test
The Brinell hardness test method consists of indenting
the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel
subjected to a load of 3000 kg .The full load is normally
applied for 10 to 15 seconds . The diameter of the
indentation left in the test material is measured with a
low powered microscope.
8.
9. Rockwell Hardness Test
•The Rockwell hardness test provides more direct
results. A specially-designed testing machine is
typically used and provides a dial reading for the
Rockwell Hardness Number, so no special
calculations or measurements are necessary.
10. Scale Indenter Applied Load
(kg)
A Diamond cone 60
B 1/16-inch ball 100
C Diamond cone 150
D Diamond cone 100
E 1/8-inch ball 100
F 1/16-inch ball 60
G 1/16-inch ball 150
11. Vicker Hardness Test:-
The Vickers hardness test method consists of indenting
the test material with a diamond indenter, in the form of
a right pyramid with a square base and an angle of 136
degrees between opposite faces subjected to a load of
1 to 100 kgf. The full load is normally applied for 10 to
15 seconds. The two diagonals of the indentation left in
the surface of the material after removal of the load are
measured using a microscope and their average
12.
13. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
14. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
15. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
16. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
17. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
18. Non Destructive Testing - NDT
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the structural
integrity of the sample. ( A measurement that does not
effect the specimen in any way).
Ex:- Radiography , Ultrasonic, Dye penetration test
etc.
19.
20. Ultrasonic Test
Ultrasonic Testing is a non-destructive testing
technique that utilizes high-frequency sound waves to
detect imperfections in metal materials, as well as
changes in properties within the materials that could
cause problems or failure of the component being
tested.
21. Radiography Test
the part to be inspected is placed between the
radiation source and a piece of radiation sensitive film
.The radiation source can either bean X-ray machine
or a radioactive source .The part will stop some of the
radiation where thicker and more dense areas will
stop more of the radiation.
22. Dye penetration Test
This method is frequently used for the detection of
surface breaking flaws in non-ferromagnetic materials
.The subject to be examined is first of all cleaned to
remove all traces of foreign material etc. Than
penetrant and developer is applied.
23. Advantages of destructive testing
Allows a roughly identify the mechanical properties of the
adhesive joint (fracture strength, elongation, modulus of
elasticity ....)
Ability to compare type of testing Verification of surface
preparation, curing conditions, working conditions and
adhesives system products (primers, activators, adhesives ...)
Predict and identify the approximate nature of the failure or
breakdown that may occur during the lifetime of the bonded
joint in use.
24.
25.
26. Guided By:-
Dr K.P. Singh
Asstt. Prof. (Sr. Grade) - English
PRESENTED BY-
1. KESHAV SAHU
2. ARIJIT MONDAL
3. MUKULDEV KHUNTE
4. KHOMENDRA PATAIL