1. STABILITY OF MALE STERILE LINES - ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON STERILITY - EGMS - TYPES AND INFLUENCE ON THEIR EXPRESSION, GENETIC STUDIES.
2. PHOTO SENSITIVE GENETIC MALE STERILITY AND ITS USES IN HETEROSIS BREEDING
3. TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE GENETIC MALE STERILITY AND ITS USES IN HETEROSIS BREEDING
“Seed priming is a controlled hydration technique in which seeds are soaked in water or low osmotic potential solution to a point where germination related metabolic activities begin in the seeds but radical emergence does not occur.”
This topic gives the wide range in understanding the advances for managing the abiotic stress that occurs in the pulse crops like pigeonpea,mungbean,chickpea etc.
1. STABILITY OF MALE STERILE LINES - ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON STERILITY - EGMS - TYPES AND INFLUENCE ON THEIR EXPRESSION, GENETIC STUDIES.
2. PHOTO SENSITIVE GENETIC MALE STERILITY AND ITS USES IN HETEROSIS BREEDING
3. TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE GENETIC MALE STERILITY AND ITS USES IN HETEROSIS BREEDING
“Seed priming is a controlled hydration technique in which seeds are soaked in water or low osmotic potential solution to a point where germination related metabolic activities begin in the seeds but radical emergence does not occur.”
This topic gives the wide range in understanding the advances for managing the abiotic stress that occurs in the pulse crops like pigeonpea,mungbean,chickpea etc.
Being sessile, plants are constantly exposed to changes in temperature and other abiotic stress factors. The temperature stress experienced by plants can be classified into three types: those occurring at (a) temperature below freezing (b) low temperature above freezing and (c) high temperature. The plants must adapt to them in other ways. The biological substances that are deeply related to these stresses, such as heat shock proteins, glycine betaine as a compatible solute, membrane lipids etc.and also detoxifiers of active oxygen species, contribute to temperature stress tolerance in plants. Rapid advances in Molecular Genetic approaches have enabled genes to be cloned, both from prokaryotes and directly from plants themselves, that are thought to provide the key to the mechanism of temperature adaptation (Iba et al., 2002).
The accumulation of heat shock proteins under the control of heat stress transcription factors is assumed to play a central role in the heat stress response and in acquired thermotolerance in plants (Kotak et al., 2007). The pattern of protein synthesis during cold acclimation is very dissimilar to the heat shock proteins in many ways. Different low temperature stress proteins, such as Anti-freeze proteins or thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) and cold shock domain proteins etc. are accumulated in plant cell and are frequently correlated with enhanced cold tolerance ( Guy, 1999).
The heat stress-induced dehydrin proteins (DHNs) expression and their relationship with the water relations of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves were studied to investigate the adaptation to heat stress in plants (Wahid and Close, 2007). In order to get an in vitro evidence of Hsc70 functioning as a molecular chaperone during cold stress, a cold-inducible spinach cytosolic Hsc70 was subcloned into a protein expression vector and the recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial cells. Results suggest that the molecular chaperone Hsc70 may have a functional role in plants during low temperature stress (Zhang and Guy, 2006). To analyze the least and most strongly interacting stress with Hsps and Hsfs, a transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis Hsps and Hsfs has been done (Swindell et al., 2007).
As plants receive complex of stress factors together, therefore in future research, emphasis should be placed on such cases where tolerance is attempted to different stress factors simultaneously by employing sophisticated techniques.
Being sessile, plants are constantly exposed to changes in temperature and other abiotic stress factors. The temperature stress experienced by plants can be classified into three types: those occurring at (a) temperature below freezing (b) low temperature above freezing and (c) high temperature. The plants must adapt to them in other ways. The biological substances that are deeply related to these stresses, such as heat shock proteins, glycine betaine as a compatible solute, membrane lipids etc.and also detoxifiers of active oxygen species, contribute to temperature stress tolerance in plants. Rapid advances in Molecular Genetic approaches have enabled genes to be cloned, both from prokaryotes and directly from plants themselves, that are thought to provide the key to the mechanism of temperature adaptation (Iba et al., 2002).
The accumulation of heat shock proteins under the control of heat stress transcription factors is assumed to play a central role in the heat stress response and in acquired thermotolerance in plants (Kotak et al., 2007). The pattern of protein synthesis during cold acclimation is very dissimilar to the heat shock proteins in many ways. Different low temperature stress proteins, such as Anti-freeze proteins or thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) and cold shock domain proteins etc. are accumulated in plant cell and are frequently correlated with enhanced cold tolerance ( Guy, 1999).
The heat stress-induced dehydrin proteins (DHNs) expression and their relationship with the water relations of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves were studied to investigate the adaptation to heat stress in plants (Wahid and Close, 2007). In order to get an in vitro evidence of Hsc70 functioning as a molecular chaperone during cold stress, a cold-inducible spinach cytosolic Hsc70 was subcloned into a protein expression vector and the recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial cells. Results suggest that the molecular chaperone Hsc70 may have a functional role in plants during low temperature stress (Zhang and Guy, 2006). To analyze the least and most strongly interacting stress with Hsps and Hsfs, a transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis Hsps and Hsfs has been done (Swindell et al., 2007).
As plants receive complex of stress factors together, therefore in future research, emphasis should be placed on such cases where tolerance is attempted to different stress factors simultaneously by employing sophisticated techniques.
Effect of heat and drought stress in chickpea on expression of resistance to ...ICRISAT
Global warming and climate change will trigger major changes in geographical distribution of insect pests, herbivore plant interactions and efficacy of crop protection technologies (Sharma 2014). Chemical composition of plants will change in direct response to global warming and climate change, affecting plant damage and growth and development of insect pests.
This presentation discusses the development of new varieties and the need to shift research toward breeding climate change resilient varieties. The presentation was held by Graham Thiele, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas at the Technology Advantage event, part of the Agriculture Advantage 2.0 series at COP24.
Presentation during side event at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP24) side event in Katowice, Poland.
Read more about event: https://cipotato.org/blog/climate-change-in-agriculture-could-technology-be-the-silver-bullet/
This slide presents the Insights in to the Early flowering regulation in offseason Chickpea due to photoperiod and its multiple connections with ABA in the floral regulation apart from that it also provides information regarding Rapid Generation Advancement
Evaluation of vernalization requirement in wheat inbred lines and cultivars u...Innspub Net
An understanding of vernalization requirement is a prerequisite for the development of cold tolerant cultivars for
high stress regions. Vernalization requirement in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has not been adequately
addressed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to understand how the vernalization dates are
related to cold tolerance, phenological development and photosynthesis in four inbred lines (inbred line 1, 2, 3
and 4) and two wheat cultivars (Mironovskaya-808 and Pishtaz). These genotypes were subjected to vernalization temperature (5 C) on 30.11.2012, 17.12.2012, 09.01.2013, 13.02.2013 and 08.03.2013 as different vernalization dates. Control plants were grown under 25/20 C, day/night condition. Final leaf number was determined at intervals throughout the growth period to measure vernalization status. Number of days until heading was registered and lethal temperature (LT50) was determined. Photosynthesis rate was measured at the end of winter and flowering stages. According to the results the individual effect of genotype and vernalization date was significant on final leaf number, number of days until flowering and LT50. However, photosynthesis rate was just affected by vernalization date. In addition, interaction between vernalization date and genotype was significant on final leaf number, number of days until flowering and LT50. These results support the hypothesis that vernalization responses regulate phenological growth and affect cold tolerance through their influence on the rate of plant development.
Evaluation of vernalization requirement in wheat inbred lines and cultivars u...Innspub Net
An understanding of vernalization requirement is a prerequisite for the development of cold tolerant cultivars for
high stress regions. Vernalization requirement in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has not been adequately
addressed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to understand how the vernalization dates are
related to cold tolerance, phenological development and photosynthesis in four inbred lines (inbred line 1, 2, 3
and 4) and two wheat cultivars (Mironovskaya-808 and Pishtaz). These genotypes were subjected to vernalization temperature (5 C) on 30.11.2012, 17.12.2012, 09.01.2013, 13.02.2013 and 08.03.2013 as different vernalization dates. Control plants were grown under 25/20 C, day/night condition. Final leaf number was determined at intervals throughout the growth period to measure vernalization status. Number of days until heading was registered and lethal temperature (LT50) was determined. Photosynthesis rate was measured at the end of winter and flowering stages. According to the results the individual effect of genotype and vernalization date was significant on final leaf number, number of days until flowering and LT50. However, photosynthesis rate was just affected by vernalization date. In addition, interaction between vernalization date and genotype was significant on final leaf number, number of days until flowering and LT50. These results support the hypothesis that vernalization responses regulate phenological growth and affect cold tolerance through their influence on the rate of plant development.
Pollen development at high temperatureSuresh Antre
As a consequence of global warming, plants have to face more severe and frequently occurring periods of high temperature stress. Crop production is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures. A rise of a few degrees above the optimum growing temperature can lead to a dramatic yield loss. While this affects the whole plant, development of the male gametophyte, the pollen, seems to be the most sensitive to adverse climatic environments and abiotic stress.
So, it is necessary to catch the biological features of the pollen tissues and to design effective approaches to identifying structural or functional properties, enables the modeling of the major involved processes in normal or in stress conditions.
Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation in riceAshish Tiwari
With resources such as land being limited, increasing yield potential holds an important place for feeding the growing population. Stress is one of the main reasons for hindering the full flourish potential of any crop. Thus, breeding for increasing yield potential as well as stress adaptability goes hand in hand. Various conventional as well as advanced breeding methods along with the understanding of crop physiology can help us achieve the goal
Speed Breeding and its implications in crop improvementANILKUMARDASH2
Introduction
History of speed breeding
Methods of speed breeding
Advantages over conventional breeding
Integration with various technologies
Case studies
Opportunities and challenges
Conclusions
Similar to Impact of High Temperature Stress on Pulse Crops (20)
Can we measure female social entrepreneurship? ICARDA
1st Annual Conference of the Private Sector Development Research Network:Private Enterprise and Inclusion12-13 December 2019
Presentation by Anastasia Seferiadis, Sarah Cummings and Bénédicte Gastineau
Building Climate Smart FARMERSThe Indian PerspectiveICARDA
Presented by
DR. KIRIT N SHELAT, I.A.S. (Rtd)
National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
SUSTAINABLE SILVOPASTORAL RESTORATION TO PROMOTE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN TUNISIAICARDA
25 - 29 November 2019. Antalya, Turkey. Near East Forestry and Range Commission (NEFRC) - 24th Session
Presentation by Dr. Mounir Louhaichi
Rangeland Ecology & Management
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
M.Louhaichi@cigar.org
Highlights on 2019 research outputs and outcomesICARDA
18-20/11/2019. ICARDA Board of Trustees. The Program Committee of the first day was open to all staff. It included:
Highlights of recent research breakthroughs and strategic questions presented by Strategic Research Priorities (CRPs) and Cross Cutting Themes (CCTs).
The presentation is a brief highlight of the rationale for mobile data collection and the landscape of the mobile data collection platforms that exist, and the potential considerations for a choice of a choice of open data kit as a subject of the training
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/10373
See also:
https://www.icarda.org/media/events/monitoring-evaluation-and-learning-data-management-and-geo-informatics-option-context
BRINGING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY ALONG THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN IN THE MED...ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Presentation by Prof. M. Hachicha National Research Institute in Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Carthage | UCAR
Utilizing the reject brine from desalination for implementing integrated agri...ICARDA
14-15 November 2019. Madrid. International Symposium on the use of Non-Conventional Waters to achieve Food Security
DESALINATION - “Advancing desalination: reducing energy consumption and environmental footprint”
Presentation by Ms Dionysia Lyra, International Centre on Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), United Arab Emirates
The role of higher and vocational education and training in developing knowle...ICARDA
25 October 2019. Africa-Europe event on higher education collaboration
Investing in skills and the young generation is key for sustainable social and economic development. Africa and Europe have been working together to develop high quality and inclusive higher education systems, exchange experience in matching skills with the demands of the labour market and to support collaboration, mobility and exchange between students and scientists within and between the African continent and Europe.
Characteristics of a winning research proposal ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Yehia Selmi, co-founder, Bio-wonder, Tunisia.
28 October 2019. Cairo. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership.
Panel 4: Panel 4 – Idea-carriers:
Dr. Jacques Wery, Deputy Director General Research, ICARDA (CGIAR)
28 October 2019. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
Funding networks and mechanisms to support EU AU FNSSA R&I ICARDA
Dr. Bernard Mallet, Agriculture Projects Coordinator, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France
28 October. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
https://www.icarda.org/media/events/building-research-and-innovation-collaborations-within-frame-african-european
Mapping suitable niche for cactus and legumes in diversified farming in drylandsICARDA
Presentation by Chandrashekhar Biradar and team.
16-18 October 2019. Hyderabad, India. TRUST: Humans, Machines & Ecosystems. This year’s Convention was hosted by The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The Platform is led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Impact of High Temperature Stress on Pulse Crops
1. Impact of High Temperature Stress on Pulse Crops
P.V. Vara Prasad1*, Harsh Nayyar2, and Kadambot H.M. Siddique3
1 Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
2 Panjab University, Chandigargh, Punjab, India
3 University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
*E-mail: vara@ksu.edu
PhotoCredit:GoogleImages
2. 1. Past Trends and Future Projections of Climate Change (Temperataure)
2. Impact of Short Episodes of High Temperature Stress
3. Responses to High Day vs. High Night Temperature Stress
4. Responses to High Temperature Stress Under Field Conditions
5. Mechanisms of Reproductive Failure
6. Genetic Variability and Opportunities for Targeting Breeding
7. Future Research Directions (Personal Views)
Outline
Results from mung bean and chickpea are presented.
Data from other crops are available.
4. Frequency and intensity of temperature stress in future climates.
Climate Change: Temperature Stress
IPCC
5. Year 2015 was the warmest year on the record.
Most months of that year were warmer than normal.
Global Temperature: Past Trends and Deviation
NASA and IPCC
6. Annual temperature have changed more rapidly in recent years.
Greater increases in nighttime temperatures.
Climate Change: Past Frequency of Extreme Temperatures
IPCC
7. Climate Change: Future Increased Frequency of Warm Days
In future climates the number of warm days will be greater.
This change include both day and night temperatures.
IPCC: RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways)
8. Climate Change: Early and Intense Summer Heat Waves
Spring and summer starting early.
Intensity of heat waves is increasing.
BBC (15 April 2016)
10. Short Episodes of High Temperature Stress:
Sensitive Stages and Thresholds for Temperature
and Duration
11. High Temperature Stress: Sensitive Stages and
Thresholds for Temperature and Duration – Methods
Multiple experiments were conducted with objectives to determine
most sensitive stages during floral development for high
temperature stress; and to quantify responses of seed-set to short
episodes of high temperature stress of varying intensify and
duration. Plants were grown in controlled environment growth
chambers under optimum temperature from sowing to start of
floral bud development. At a specific reproductive stage, set of
plants were transferred to various temperatures for different
durations of stress, and returned back to optimum temperatures
after treatments. Floral buds were marked and specific stage noted
at start of temperature stress. After the stress period, data on seed-
set (pods with seed) from tagged floral buds were determined.
All experiments were fully irrigated to avoid water stress.
12. High Temperature Stress: Sensitive Stages – Mung Bean
Seed-set decreased by short episodes (5 or 2 d) of stress.
Maximum decreases occurred when stressed at gametogenesis
(2 to 4 d before anthesis) and at pollination/fertilization.
Prasad et al. (Unpublished)
13. High Temperature Stress: Thresholds – Mung Bean
Seed-set decreased with mean daily temperature of >33°C; with a
ceiling temperature of 38.5°C. There was a linear decrease in seed
set with increasing duration of stress with a ceiling of ~ 24 d.
Prasad et al. (Unpublished)
14. High Temperature Stress: Thresholds – Mung Bean
Photosynthesis also decreased with increasing temperatures even
for short duration stress.
There was slight decreases in stomatal conductance.
Prasad et al. (Unpublished)
16. High Temperature Stress: Day vs. Night – Mung Bean
Seed-set decreased with increasing day or night temperature
stress. The rate of decrease is greater with increasing night
temperatures compared to day temperatures.
Prasad et al. (Unpublished)
18. High Temperature Stress: Thresholds– Mung Bean
Pollen germination and stigma receptivity decreased with
increasing temperatures.
Kaur et al. (2015): Scientia Horticulture 197: 527-541
19. High Temperature Stress: Thresholds – Mung Bean
Increasing temperature decreased seed number and seed weight.
Kaur et al. (2015): Scientia Horticulture 197: 527-541
20. High Temperature Stress: Impacts – Mung Bean
High temperatures (late sown) decreased pod-set, pod number,
seed number and seed weights.
Kaur et al. (2015): Scientia Horticulture 197: 527-541
21. Reproductive Failure: Pollen Viability - Mung Bean
74% 51%
75% 48%
Normal Shriveled
Kaur et al. (2015): .
Scientia Horticulture 197: 527-541
Decreased pollen viability
Decreased pollen germination
Damaged structure of pollen
22. Reproductive Failure: Pollen / Stigma - Mung Bean
Kaur et al. (2015): Scientia Horticulture 197: 527-541
Decreased Pollen load and Stigma Receptivity
23. Reproductive Failure: Pollen / Stigma - Mung Bean
Kaur et al. (2015): Scientia Horticulture 197: 527-541
Decreased Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth
25. High Temperature Stress: Impacts – Chickpea
Kaushal et al. (2013). Functional Plant Biology 40: 1334-1349
26. High Temperature Stress: Impacts – Chickpea
Kaushal et al. (2013). Functional Plant Biology 40: 1334-1349
27. Reproductive Failure: Pollen / Stigma - Chickpea
Kaushal et al. (2013). Functional Plant Biology 40: 1334-1349
Decreased Pod-set, Pollen Load and Stigma Receptivity
Normal Late : Temperature Stress
28. Reproductive Failure: Pollen / Stigma - Chickpea
Kaushal et al. (2013). Functional Plant Biology 40: 1334-1349
Decreased Pollen Germination and and Stigma Viability
Normal Late : Temperature Stress
29. High Temperature Stress: Thresholds – Chickpea
Pollen germination and decreased with increasing temperature.
Differential genotype responses – tolerant had higher thresholds.
Kaushal et al. (2013). Functional Plant Biology 40: 1334-1349
36. Producers and scientific communities acknowledge high temperature stress
decrease grain yields and quality of produce (even under fully irrigated
conditions).
Limited tolerance in the current breeding pool for all food grain crops –
need to systematically screen germplasm collections and wild relatives.
Focus should be on all types of traits components of tolerance:
– Escape (early morning flowering; short duration cultivars)
– Avoidance (transpirational cooling of canopy or floral buds)
– True tolerance (higher reproductive fertility)
Need to identify quick, reliable and high-throughput morphological,
physiological screens or biochemical or molecular markers to screen large
collection of germplasm or populations.
Improved understanding of interaction of temperature stress with other
abiotic (drought, VPD, salinity and nutrients) and biotic factors (weeds,
diseases and pests) is required to quantify true impacts.
Future Research Direction
37. Acknowledgements
Students and Scholars of Prof. Harsh Nayyar Lab at Panjab University
Students and Scholars of Prof. Kadambot Siddique at Institute of
Agriculture at University of Western Australia
Collaborators at Punjab Agricultural University
Collaborators at ICRISAT