Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

1. A PRESENTATION ON
MUSTARD AND RAPESEED
GUIDED BY. PREPARED BY.
DR.KAUSHIK KUMAR PANIGRAHI VICTORIA PADHAN
ASST.PROFFEESOR OF PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS ADM.NO-15c/14

3. MUSTARD(Brassica spp)
2n=16,18,20,22,36
Important oil seed crop grown in cool
season sub tropics ,higher elevation
and winter crop seed contain 40-45%
oil and 38-41 % protein
Seed are known by different name like
sarson,rai,laha,toria etc.

5. ORIGIN OF Brassica spp.
 According to Vavilov(1926) the place of origin
of rape seed is eastern Afganistan and
adjoining parts of India
 Singh (1958) considered the origin of yellow
sarson to be Iindia
 According to Prain(1898) ,Bailey(1992)and
other the RAI originated in Chaina and from
from there it was introduced to India.

6. DISTRIBUTION
 Chaina,Canada,India,Europe,Pakistan
collectively contribute 90% of the world
production .
 In India Uttar Pradesh,Rajasthan,Punjab,
Assam,Bihar and West Bengal are the major
state producing mustard.

7.  Exact progenitor is not known.
 The genus Brassica contains more than 3000
species of which 40 areof economic importance
 Cultivated Brassica can be brodly classified in
2distinct type viz.
VEGETABLE TYPE- cabbage,cauliflower ,turnip
OIL SEED TYPE –rape seed and mustad
WILD RELATIVE (Progenitor)

8. TAXONOMY
 Harberd (1972) examined 85 species of Brassica
and grouped species of the genus into
cytodemes.These cytodemes are composed of
different species with the same chromosome
number and which are cross fertile and other are
having species with different chromosome number
and cross infertile.According to him most
important agricultural species are 4-diploids,3-
aLloploids each belong to a separate cytodeme.

9.  FOUR DIPLOIDS are-
1.Brassica nigra-Black mustard
2.Brassica oleracea-Cabbage
3.Brassica campestris –Rape seed
4.Brassica frotii-Wild turnip
THREE ALLOPLOIDS are
1.Brassica napus-Rapeseed Of Europe
2,Brassica juncea-Indian mustard
3.Brassica carinata-Sthippalm mustard

11. BREEDING OBJECTIVE
1.SEED YIELD –Yield is the end products of many
biological processes which are under control of complex
polygenics systems.An ideal type is having increased
branch number,pods ,pods per seed and seed size.Further
yield increase could result from increase in biomass and
harvest index.Inceased biomass can result from reduced
photo respiration and increased light saturated rate of
photosynthesis
2.EARLY MATURITY- For use in multiple cropping
sequence.

13. 3.RESISTANCE TO ABIOTICS FACTORS-
Abiotics factors like moisture stress ,light ,humidity,soil
factors .frost resistance is needed to prevent yield losses.winter
hardinesss is very important for higher yield.
4.RESISTANCE TO BIOTICS STRESS-
Biotics stress like disease pest infestation ,Powdery
mildew,Black leg, Sclerotinia rot,alternaria blight,mustard aphids
resistance is necessary for higher yield so far no resistance source
identified.
5.HERBICIDE RESISTANCE-
Few source of resistance is avsilable (Atrazine,Simabine)

14. 6.SHATTERING RESISTANCE-
It is a very essential character for quality production of mustard.
Brassica napus- highly shattering
Brassica juncea-tolerant
7.INCREASED OIL CONTENT AND QUALITY-
High oil content 45% yellow varieties> oil. For industrial purpose
>Erucic acid. Development of low erucic acid cultivars for edible
purpose. Reduced linolenic acid content is also desirable.
8.MEAL QUALITY-
Meal having less GLUCOSINATE content

16. BREEDING METHODS
1.INTRODUCTION-Regina from sweeden.
2.SIMPLE SELECTION-
3.HYBRIDIZATION AND SELECTION-
Intervarietal (a) Bulk method
(b)Pedigree method
(c) Single seed descent
Inter specific
4.BACK CROSS METHOD
5.POPULATION IMPROVEMENT
A.Recurrent selection
B.Mass selection

17.  6.HETEROSIS BREDDING-Cms line
 7.MUTATION BREEDING
 8.TISSUE CULTURE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF
HOMOZYGOUS DIPLOIDS-Saline resistance screening,
Induction of mutation in haploids
 9.EMRYO RESCUE TECHNIQUE FOR INTER SPECIFIC CROSSES

18.  PRACTICAL ACHIEVEMENT-----
Krannti
RLM 198
Varuna
Krishna
Pusa kalyani

20. THANK YOU