Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart Agricultural Water Management
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Presentation by Rachael McDonnell, Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, Petra Schmitter
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Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart Agricultural Water Management
- 1. Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart Agricultural Water Management Rachael McDonnell, Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, Petra Schmitter Building a research-for-development partnership for thriving drylands in a changing climate Madrid, 6th Dec 2019
- 2. IWMI - Tackling Global Water Challenges
- 3. • Water runs through every action track of the GCA report • Water is the first and worst hit resource by climate change • Water is vital and connects sectors Global Commission on Adaptation - 2019 Chapter 2 Food Security and Smallholder Livelihoods a) Help small-scale producers and most vulnerable manage risks b) Policy coherence by making agriculture climate smart Chapter 4 Water - actions tracks a) Harness the power of nature and expand water infrastructure b) Cope with scarcity by using water more productively c) Prepare for a changing climate by planning for floods and droughts https://gca.org/global-commission-on-adaptation/report
- 4. Tackling climate change and water in Myanmar o Vulnerable to climate change [Global Climate Risk Index– ranked 2nd of 187 countries in 2016]. o Both droughts and floods negatively affect livelihoods and economic development
- 5. Change in Rainfall by 2050, 2070 and 2090 for rcp8.5 scenario • 7 RCMs- Percentage of Annual rainfall change between 1986-2005 and 2031-2050, 2051-2070 and 2071-2090 respectively
- 6. 1) Use water more productively https://via.farm/
- 7. 2) Increasing water availability Caveats on small reservoirs • Under the driest climate scenarios, small reservoirs perform marginally less well (< 4- 8%)1 • Small reservoir tend to underperform due to weak institutions, sedimentation, poor site selection, inadequate maintenance2 Small reservoirs hold significant untapped potential in sub-Saharan Africa1 Sources: 1 Giordano et al.(2012); 2Saruchera and Jonathan Lautze (2019); 3Amarasinghe et al. (2016); 4Owusu et al. (2017) Manage aquifer recharge (MAR) is a promising storage alternative for smallholders Managed aquifer recharge can • Utilize rains, floods, treated wastewater • Replenish groundwater & enhance baseflows in rivers • Reduce saltwater intrusion & land subsidence Widespread suitability in Africa, dependent on3 • Landscape characteristics • Soil and aquifer properties • Availability of surface water 32% of Northern Ghana4 suitable for MAR Bhungroo MAR structure 369 million people reached $20 billion revenue annually 22 million hectares irrigated
- 8. Click to edit Master text styles Irrigation development potential SSA: • Large-scale: 15.2 million hectares1 • Farmer-led (MP): 29.7 million hectares2 185 million people reached $22 billion revenue annually Many technologies remain out of reach of smallholder farmers. Women and resource-poor farmers are particularly disadvantaged. Sources: 1 You et al. (2011); 2Xie et al. (2014)
- 9. 3) Bring innovations such as solar irrigation under smarter water management Sources: 1 Schmitter et al..(2018), Mansoor et al. (2019)
- 10. On-grid systems: Sell solar ‘as a crop’ to mitigate overexploitation of groundwater & enhance incomes1 Off-grid systems: Can provide energy access, food and livelihood security, access to water2 Benefits of the model • Reliable day-time energy for irrigation • Feed-in tariff for selling excess electricity to the grid • Supplementary, counter-seasonal incomes for farmers • Diversified, cleaner power grids Benefits of the model • Reduced prohibitive upfront costs • Relatively equal distribution of risk amongst gov., lender and borrower • Tailored financing to farmers’ needs (e.g., repayment schedules) Pilot on- and off-grid solar solutions Sources: 1 Shah et al. (2018); 2 Otoo et al. (2018)
- 11. Rachael McDonnell r.mcdonnell@cgiar.org Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu s.senaratnasellamuttu@cgiar.org Petra Schmitter p.schmitter@cgiar.org
Editor's Notes
- This template is to be used for a WIDE screen like LED TVs or newer projection screens. If preparing a presentation for a STANDARD screen or older projection screen then please use the 4x3 format presentation template instead. All templates are available on the IWMI INTRAnet at https://intranet.iwmi.org
- At IWMI we are tackling 3 high priority water challenges that cover food, climate and growth and this is also the basis of our work in the region (as well as in the Myanmar context). Food – To improve food security will sustainably managing water resources and ecosystems. Climate – To adapt to and mitigate climate change while building resilience to water related disasters and disruption. Growth – To reduce poverty and advance inclusion with equality as agriculture transforms, energy transitions and urbanization intensifies. At IWMI we are tacking 3 fundamental global water challenges, that cover food, climate and growth and this is also the basis of our work in the Asia region (in the Myanmar context). How will food security be achieved for the AP’s expanding population (approx. 4.5 billion people) while lowering the environmental footprint of the food systems and conserving biodiversity and ecosystems? Noting that this continues to be the world’s most disaster prone region How will Asia adapt to and mitigate climate change and build resilience? How will growth become sustainable and inclusive, in the region – noting the fact that the region is undergoing rapid economic growth, and has the world’s fastest urbanization rate. But is home to more than 52% of global poor
- Myanmar’s on-going political and economic transformation presents both opportunities and challenges for water management. Although Myanmar has abundant water resources at the national scale, inability to access water and to manage increasing local variability of supply lies behind much of the prevailing poverty and food insecurity. Both droughts and floods negatively affect livelihoods and economic development. Rapid development and change is putting pressure on water resources, with emerging risks of cross-sectoral competition, over exploitation and pollution. Myanmar is vulnerable to climate change [and there is increasing evidence that Myanmar is likely to experience a warmer climate in the future, with a longer summertime, heavier rainfall during the rainy season in some areas and higher annual precipitation overall]. Myanmar ranked second out of 183 countries most affected by extreme weather events [between 1995 and 2014] in the Global Climate Risk Index in 2015.
- @ Stefan: I dont feel this slide fits in this presentation very well because most frequently small reservoirs and MAR are public investments and not farmer led investments however they can enable farmer led irrigation However you could make the link to ways of increasing water availability in landscapes....
- 1 the potential development for large scale investment in SSA is 15.2 million ha and for small scale 34. 4 million ha 2 the potential devleopment for farmer led irrigation using motorized pumps and groundwater in SSA is 29.7 million ha, 185 million people and 22 billion revenue
- The estimated addressable market for solar water pumps today in sub-Saharan Africa and India is approximately USD 15.6 billion, representing 4.9 million units (Solar Water Pump Outlook 2019: Global Trends and Market Opportunities). The figure left shows you what is used in the model that is being updated at the moment to reduce uncertainty The map on the right shows you the results from five scenarios with different water resources and pump capacity for Mali. (it is animated) The team is currently updating the framework for SSA under a GIS project. The results will be available through an online platform which allows you to look at technical feasibiliy according to current agricultural systems, available water resources, solar irradiation and pump requirements (energy and lifting constraints) in an interactive way
- On-grid: Attention required to ensure: Social inclusivity Equitable benefits among the community Equitable water access Off-grid: Attention required to ensure: Social inclusivity Sustainable abstraction Regulatory and financial landscape can accommodate scaling Irrigated value chain is strenghtened